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((short description|Public radio and television service by ARD))
((Refimprove|date=December 2009))
((Infobox broadcasting network
| name           = Sender Freies Berlin
| logo           = Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg
| logo_size      = 100px
| type           = [[Terrestrial television|Terrestrial]] [[radio]] and [[television]]
| launch_date    = ((Start date|1953|06|01|df=y))
| country        = [[Germany]]
| broadcast_area = Berlin
| dissolved      = ((End date|2003|05|01|df=y))
| replaced_by    = [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg]] (RBB)
))
'''Sender Freies Berlin''' (((IPA-de|ˈzɛndɐ ˈfʁaɪəs bɛʁˈliːn|lang|De-Sender Freies Berlin.ogg)); abbreviated '''SFB''' ((IPA-de|ˌɛsʔɛfˈbeː||De-SFB.ogg)); ((Lang-en|"Radio Free Berlin"))) was the [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] [[public broadcasting|public radio and television]] service for [[Berlin]] from 1 June 1954 until 30 April 2003. On 1 January 1992, SFB became the public broadcaster for the whole of reunited Berlin. However, SFB had long had a significant audience in East Berlin for some time before [[German reunification]]. On 1 May 2003 it merged with [[Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg]] to form ''[[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg]]''.

==History==

===Pre-war===
In 1922, the ''Deutsche Stunde, Gesellschaft für drahtlose Belehrung und Unterhaltung mbH'' (German Society for Wireless Instruction and Entertainment Limited) was formed to promote the new science of radio [[broadcasting]] and [[Receiver (radio)|reception]]. This institution began broadcasting on 29 October 1923 from [[Berlin]].

In 1933, [[Germany|German]] broadcasting was brought under [[National Socialist German Workers Party|Nazi]] state control and the station became ''Reichssender Berlin'', part of the national ''Großdeutscher Rundfunk'', controlled by [[Joseph Goebbels]]. The station was closed by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] at the end of the [[Battle of Berlin]] that brought the [[End of World War II in Europe]].

===Post-war===
[[File:SFB Testbild.jpg|thumb|Early electronically generated monochrome [[test card]] of SFB, photographed in 1975. This test card was also used by [[History of Südwestrundfunk|SDR and SWF]] in southwest Germany, and [[RÚV (TV channel)|Sjónvarpið]] in Iceland.]]
In the post-war [[Allied Control Council|four-power occupation of Germany]], the British Control Commission appointed [[Hugh Greene]] to restart German broadcasting in the [[Allied Occupation Zones in Germany|British Zone]]. The first station on-air was [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk|Radio Hamburg]]. This was followed by the setting up of [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk]] (NWDR) as the broadcasting corporation for the entire British Zone and for Berlin. Similarly, the [[United States]] created [[Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor]] (RIAS) for their zone in Berlin.

In 1948, NWDR was transferred to German control (RIAS remained American-controlled).

In 1950, NWDR began two second radio services in its area on [[Frequency modulation|FM]], NDR2 in the north and WDR2 in the west. In 1952, NWDR pioneered the launching of [[Standard-definition television|625-line]] [[television]] broadcasting in (West) Germany.

===East German uprising===
In June and July 1953, a strike by construction workers in the [[German Democratic Republic]] (GDR) led to an [[Uprising of 1953 in East Germany|uprising]] of the people of the communist state which was violently put down by [[Group of Soviet Forces in Germany|Soviet forces]] and the ''[[Volkspolizei]]''.

The government of the GDR accused RIAS of fanning the flames of the uprising and reporting inaccurately. This led to calls for West Berlin to have its own independent broadcaster as in the other [[States of Germany|Länder]].

A law was passed to establish this new broadcaster, which came into force on 12 November 1953, separating West Berlin from NWDR. The new ''Sender Freies Berlin'' began broadcasting two services, SFB1 and SFB2 on 1 June 1954, and joined the [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] in September 1954.

SFB began broadcasting the ARD's television service in 1958

SFB's radio and television signals as well as covering West Berlin were receivable in many parts of [[East Germany]]; similarly, East German [[Rundfunk der DDR|radio]] and [[Deutscher Fernsehfunk|television]] were receivable throughout West Berlin.

===Third Programmes===
[[Image:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P101341, Berlin, Hochhaus Sender Freies Berlin.jpg|thumb|200px|Sender Freies Berlin TV Centre (now RBB-Zentrale Berlin)]]
On 1 October 1962 SFB and [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) began broadcasting the high-culture and classical music ''Drittes Programm'' (Third Programme), modeled on the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[BBC Third Programme]]. This was joined by a service for immigrant workers on 1 June 1973, and became a separate service known as SFB3 on 1 April 1979.

On 4 January 1965, a third public television service was started, joining ARD (''[[Das Erste]]'') and [[ZDF]]. SFB and [[Radio Bremen]] both relayed the service provided by NDR – ''Nord 3'' (later ''N3''). The best known programme on Nord 3 was ''"KONTRASTE"'', a political magazine that concentrated on developments in the [[Eastern bloc]].

N3's [[teletext]] service, ''Nordtext'' (later NDR-Text), carried information for West Berlin.

===1989–2003===
With the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1989, and the subsequent [[German reunification]] in 1990, Berlin was left with duplicate broadcasting outlets from the two administrations – SFB from the west and ''[[Berliner Rundfunk]]'' (radio) and ''[[Fernsehen der DDR]]'' (DDR, later DFF) (television) from the east.

On 1 January 1992, SFB became the public broadcasting company for the whole of reunited Berlin.  However, SFB had long had a significant audience in East Berlin for some time before reunification. The [[radio station]] SFB1 became ''Berlin 88,8'' (later ''88acht'' and now ''radioBerlin 88,8''). In October 1992, N3's frequency was replaced by SFB's full-fledged service for the capital, ''B1'' (Berlin Eins), later ''SFB1''.

The GDR's national television service was closed and replaced by four ARD regions: an expanded NDR in the north; the continuing SFB in Berlin; and the new [[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]] (MDR) in the south and [[Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg]] (ORB – East German Broadcasting – Brandenburg) in the east.

On 22 February 1993, the SFB began a joint venture with the new ORB to create ''Radio BZWEI'', a news and information service for the east of the country aimed at 25 to 50-year-old listeners. On 1 March 1993, the two broadcasters launched ''Fritz'', a radio station for young people.

On 18 September 1994, SFB launched ''RADIOmultikulti'' (SFB4), a service for foreign nationals and immigrants to Germany. This was joined by ''InfoRADIO'', a SFB/ORB joint venture news station, on 28 August 1995.

In 1995 the [[Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg]] in coalition with the Sender Freies Berlin started their [[Internet radio]] streaming service ''Info-Radio on Demand''.

On 3 October 1997, SFB and ORB launched ''RADIOkultur'', a cultural station taking up much of the programming of SFB3, with an emphasis on classic, world, jazz and new music and politics.

===Merger===
Having co-operated on many of services, SFB and ORB merged on 1 May 2003 to form [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg]] (RBB).

==SFB stations==

===Television===

====Joint operations====
* [[Das Erste]] – ARD joint channel
* [[Phoenix (German TV station)|Phoenix]] – ARD and ZDF joint events channel
* [[KiKa]] – ARD and ZDF joint children's channel
* [[Arte]] – French-German culture channel
* [[3sat]] – ARD, ZDF, [[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]], and [[SRG SSR idée suisse|SRG]] joint highbrow channel

====Own network====
* SFB1 (formerly B1) – "third" television channel for Berlin

===Radio===
The stations before German reunification were different: ((ill|SFB 1|de)) (generalist), SFB 2 (musical, competing with the eastern [[DT64]]), ((ill|SFB 3|de)) (classical music, collaboration with WDR) and ((ill|Radio 4U (SFB)|lt=Radio 4U|de|Radio 4U)) (youth).

*((ill|SFB 1|de)) (from 1 June 1946 until 1 January 1992, then as ''88acht'')
*SFB 2 (from 1 June 1946 until 22 February 1993, then in co-operation with ORB as [[Radio B Zwei]])
*((ill|SFB 3|de)) (from 1 April 1979 to 2 October 1997), then merged into ((ill|Radio Kultur|de)) (ORB) and ((ill|Radio 3 (ORB)|lt=Radio 3|de)) (1997–2000, ORB and NDR)
*SFB 4 (until 29 April 1990) then as ((ill|Radio 4U (SFB)|lt=Radio 4U|de|Radio 4U)) until 31 December 1992 and since 1 March 1993 as ((ill|Fritz (radio station)|lt=Fritz|de|Fritz (Hörfunksender))) (ORB)
*[[Berlin 88,8]] (later 88acht and now ((ill|rbb 88,8|de))) – local radio for Berlin
*((ill|Radio Multikulti|de)) (formerly SFB4 MultiKulti) – station for foreign workers and immigrants

====Co-operation with ORB====
*((ill|Fritz (radio station)|lt=Fritz|de|Fritz (Hörfunksender))) – youth radio
*((ill|Inforadio|de)) – information station
*((ill|Radio Kultur|de)) – culture station
*[[Radioeins]] – entertainment station

==Directors-General==
* 1954–1957: Alfred Braun
* 1957–1960: Walter Geerdes
* 1961–1968: Walter Steigner
* 1968–1978: Franz Albert Barsig
* 1978–1983: Wolfgang Haus
* 1983–1986: Lothar Loewe
* 1986–1989: Günter Herrmann
* 1989–1997: Dr Günther von Lojewski
* 1998–2003: Horst Schättle

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Sender Freies Berlin))
*[http://www.sfb.de Official site of Sender Freies Berlin] (redirect to [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|RBB]])

((ARDMembers))
((ARD/ZDF))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Sender Freies Berlin| ]]
[[Category:ARD (broadcaster)]]
[[Category:German radio networks]]
[[Category:Defunct radio stations in Germany]]
[[Category:Defunct television channels in Germany]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in West Germany]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Berlin]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Berlin]]
[[Category:Television stations in Berlin]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1954]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1954]]
[[Category:West Berlin]]
[[Category:2003 disestablishments in Germany]]

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