Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB1I1 gene.[5][6] Often put together with and studied alongside TGFB1I1 is the mouse homologue HIC-5 ( Hydrogen Peroxide-Inducible Clone-5). As the name suggests, TGFB1I1 is an induced form of the larger family of TGFB1. Studies suggest TGFB1I1 plays a role in processes of cell growth, proliferation,[7] migration, differentiation[8] and senescence.[9] TGFB1I1 is most localized at focal adhesion complexes of cells,[5] although it may be found active in the cytosol, nucleus and cell membrane as well.[7][10][11]
Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 plays a role in a number of cell functions. Originally, TGFB1I1 was isolated as a senescence-inducing gene from mouse osteoblastic cells through treatment with transforming growth factor beta-1 and hydrogen peroxide.[9] During this, TGFB1I1 was also being independently discovered by numerous other groups and was characterized as a focal adhesion protein,[12][13] an androgen and glucocorticoid receptor co-activator,[10][14] a negative regulator of muscle differentiation,[8] and major player in the recovery of arterial media.[15][16]
TGFB1I1 has been shown to interact with: