Note

View source to see what this template does. It is <includeonly>-wrapped so that the template itself is not categorized by the meta-template that it calls.

This template is just a variant of ((Title missing)), and shares the same documentation:

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((title?))

((Title missing)) (or ((title?)) for short) is an inline cleanup template flagging a broken source citation that is missing the title, or complete and correct title, of the cited material (or at least the specified fact that title information is not available).

It is most commonly used to replace a bad title, when an automated tool or an incautious user has uncritically accepted the value of a <title>...</title> from a Web page and the value is incorrect; many sites just repeat the name of the site (the work, in citation terms) in this field, and put the title of the actual page only in a <h1>...</h1> heading or elsewhere in the page's content. Another replacement case is when the information is wrong because an editor copy-pasted one source citation in the wikicode of the article to use it as the basis for another citation to a different source, and adjusted the URL and other information but forgot to change the title.

The template can also be used to tag for cleanup a truncated title or the fact that the title information simply has been omitted entirely. A common case of this is an unformatted citation to an unspecified work (e.g. "Johnson (2001)", without any corresponding further data on the source). This is because an editor just forgot to fill in the details, because someone assumed a source was so well known it did not need complete citation, or because the material was split from an overly long article into a new sub-topical article without ensuring that all citations made the trip with the content.

When the given title is questionable or outright disputed, then a dispute template of some kind, such as ((citation needed)), ((dubious)), or ((disputed-inline)), etc., should be used instead.

Usage[edit]

Do not place this template in any Citation Style 1 citation's |title= parameter. All text in |title= the parameter is made part of the citation's COinS metadata. The |title= parameter should include title data only.

For all free-form and Citation Style 1citations (((Cite web)), ((Cite book)), ((Citation)), etc.) place ((Title missing|date=January 2024)) after the citation, typically just before the closing </ref>.
In the rare case of a partial title (e.g. a botched copy-paste), you can change the displayed text to: ^{[title incomplete]} using ((title missing|partial=yes)) or ((title incomplete))

How to fix the problem flagged by this template[edit]

Do not remove the template without fixing the problem one of the following ways.

If you know the title, fill in the needed information, and remove the template.
For a template-formatted citation, there's really only one thing to do:
1. |title=TitleOfCitedItem
For a free-form citation:
1. Just add the title to the citation; or...
2. Better yet, convert the entire citation to this ((Cite journal)), ((Cite news)) or some other ((Cite xxx))-series template, as appropriate for the work in question.

If you know that no title was specified by the original source, explicitly state this, using [square brackets] (to be clear that this is an editorial statement not an actual title):
1. |title=[untitled]
  or for free-form citations:
2. [untitled]
Do not use question marks.

Do not just repeat the work (publication/site) name, publisher or other field.

Do not leave the information blank and untag it, or someone else will just come along later and flag this with ((title missing)) again!

Do not use |title=none, |title=unknown or anything else vague; any implication other that the source itself did not specify a title is simply a signal to other editors to re-tag it with ((title missing)).

If you don't know:
1. Check the source and add the necessary information, as above.
Do not use question marks.

If the source is a dead link, check archive.org for a backup copy (see your ((Citation))/((Cite xxx))-type template's documentation for use of |archiveurl= and |archivedate= parameters). If no archive copy is available, use ((dead link)) after the citation, but leave ((title missing)) as well.

See also[edit]

Source citation guidelines

Citation repair templates

((full citation needed)) – the catch-all
((author missing))

((author incomplete)) – a variant for partial data

((title incomplete)) – a variant for partial data

((year missing))

Inline cleanup tags

Attribution

Clarity

Miscellaneous

Neutrality

Precision

((By how much)) ((Definition)) ((Definition needed)) ((Example needed)) ((Example needed span)) ((Explain)) ((How)) ((How often)) ((Misquoted)) ((Quantify)) ((Specify)) ((Vague)) ((When)) ((Where)) ((Which)) ((Who else)) ((Why)) ((Year needed))
Excessive	((Duplication span)) ((Importance inline)) ((Relevance inline)) ((Undue weight inline)) ((Globalize inline))

Time-sensitivity

Verifiability

Dubious	((Contradictory inline)) ((Disputed inline)) ((Dubious)) ((Dubious span)) ((Inconsistent)) ((Needs independent confirmation)) ((Speculation inline))
Bare URLs	((Bare URL inline)) ((Bare URL non-HTML)) ((Bare URL AV media)) ((Bare URL PDF)) ((Bare URL image)) ((Bare URL DOC)) ((Bare URL plain text)) ((Bare URL spreadsheet))
Incomplete or broken citation	((Author incomplete)) ((Author missing)) ((Date missing)) ((Dead link)) ((Edition needed)) ((Episode needed)) ((Full citation needed)) ((Incomplete short citation)) ((ISBN missing)) ((Moved resource)) ((Page needed)) ((Place missing)) ((Publisher missing)) ((Season needed)) ((Time needed)) ((Title incomplete)) ((Title missing)) ((Volume needed)) ((Year missing))
Missing or problematic reference	((Additional citation needed)) ((Better source needed)) ((Better source needed example)) ((Check quotation)) ((Chronology citation needed)) ((Citation needed)) ((Citation needed span)) ((Citation not found)) ((Close paraphrasing inline)) ((COI source)) ((Deprecated inline)) ((Excessive citations inline)) ((Failed verification)) ((Failed verification span)) ((Image reference needed)) ((Irrelevant citation)) ((Medical citation needed)) ((Medical citation needed span)) ((Nonspecific)) ((Not verified in body)) ((Obsolete source)) ((Page range too broad)) ((Primary source inline)) ((Promotional source)) ((Quote without source)) ((Request quotation)) ((Request quotation span)) ((Retracted)) ((Scientific citation needed)) ((Self-published inline)) ((Tertiary source inline)) ((Third-party inline)) ((Unreliable fringe source)) ((Unreliable medical source)) ((Unreliable source?)) ((Verify quote)) ((Verify source))

Wording

General advice

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Title missing/doc.
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.
Subpages of this template.