Thomas Onslow, 2nd Earl of Onslow

Thomas Onslow, 2nd Baron Onslow (27 November 1679 – 5 June 1740), of West Clandon, Surrey, was a British landowner and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1702 and 1717. He commissioned the building of Clandon Park House in the 1730s.

Early life

Onslow was the only surviving son of Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow. He was educated at Eton College from 1691 to 1693, and the travelled abroad in Holland and France from 1697 to 1698. He married Elizabeth Knight, the daughter of John Knight, a merchant of Jamaica, and niece of Colonel Charles Knight, and was heir to both their fortunes.[1]

Political career

He represented a continuous succession of constituencies in the Parliament of England and Great Britain. He first entered Parliament in 1702, aged 22 or 23, as the MP for Gatton, Surrey, an underpopulated rural borough that had once had a market in the medieval period. He was then returned in 1705 to represent the larger settlement of Chichester, West Sussex, followed by Bletchingley (1708–1715) and finally the county seat of Surrey (1715–1717), which then included much of today's Greater London south of the Thames including, for example, Battersea and Lambeth. He was awarded LL.D at Cambridge University in 1717 and became 2nd Baron Onslow on the death of his father in 1717. He was a Teller of the Receipt of the Exchequer from 1718 to his death[2]

Personal finances and family life

Clandon Park House was transformed from a large manor house to a lavish English country house by this Lord Onslow, but the 3rd Lord Onslow had its interiors finished. It features a two-storey Marble Hall and marble chimney and other pieces by the Flemish sculptor Michael Rysbrack, but the interior was gutted by fire in 2015.

As Lord Onslow he was a leading participant in an insurance business known as Onslow's Insurance or Onslow's Bubble, which secured incorporation under the Bubble Act as Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation.[3]

The Onslow family seat remains Clandon Park, East and West Clandon, Surrey.

Clandon Park House and its 7-acre garden, was gifted to the Nation in 1956, a National Trust and this mansion and gardens were for the most part commissioned by him.

The senior branch of the Onslow family continues to own and manage their agricultural business and the Clandon Park parkland to this day. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries the family owned several thousand acres of farmland scattered across many villages in Surrey from which they derived an income.[4]

According to research carried out under University College London's Legacies of British Slave-ownership project, Clandon House was built by Onslow possibly as a result of his wife's slavery-derived fortune.[5] The slave plantation which Elizabeth inherited was her uncle Charles' Whitehall Plantation in St Thomas-in-the-East, Jamaica.[6]

He had one son, Richard, who succeeded him on his death in 1740.

References

  1. ^ "ONSLOW, Thomas (1679–1740), of West Clandon, Surr". History of Parliament Online (1690–1715). Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  2. ^ "ONSLOW, Thomas (1679–1740), of Clandon, Surr". History of Parliament Online (1715-1754. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  3. ^ Scott, W. R. (1911). The Constitution and Finance of ... Joint-Stock Companies to 1720. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press. pp. 396–409.
  4. ^ Malden, H. E., ed. (1911). A History of the County of Surrey. Vol. 3. Institute of Historical Research (a University of Portsmouth joint project). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  5. ^ "Thomas 2nd Lord Onslow". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Charles Knight". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
Parliament of England Preceded byThomas TurgisMaurice Thompson Member of Parliament for Gatton 1702–1705 With: Maurice Thompson Succeeded bySir George NewlandPaul Docminique Preceded byWilliam ElsonSir Thomas Littleton, Bt Member of Parliament for Chichester 1705–1707 With: Sir Thomas Littleton, Bt Succeeded byParliament of Great Britain Parliament of Great Britain Preceded byParliament of England Member of Parliament for Chichester 1707–1708 With: Sir Thomas Littleton, Bt Succeeded byThomas CarrSir Richard Farington, Bt Preceded byGeorge WoodroffeJohn Fulham Member of Parliament for Haslemere 1708 With: Theophilus Oglethorpe Succeeded byTheophilus OglethorpeSir Nicholas Carew Preceded byJohn WardGeorge Evelyn Member of Parliament for Bletchingley 1708–1715 With: George Evelyn Succeeded byGeorge EvelynSir William Clayton Preceded byTheophilus OglethorpeSir John Clerke, Bt Member of Parliament for Haslemere 1713–1714 With: George Vernon Succeeded byGeorge VernonSir Nicholas Carew Preceded byLord GuernseySir Richard Onslow, Bt Member of Parliament for Surrey 1715–1717 With: Lord Guernsey Succeeded byLord GuernseyDenzil Onslow Political offices Preceded byUnknown Out-Ranger of Windsor Forest 1715–1717 Succeeded byDenzil Onslow Preceded byRichard Hampden Teller of the Exchequer 1718–1741 Succeeded byHoratio Walpole Honorary titles Preceded byThe Lord Onslow Lord Lieutenant of Surrey 1717–1740 Succeeded byThe Lord Onslow Preceded byThe Earl of Berkeley Custos Rotulorum of Surrey 1737–1740 Peerage of Great Britain Preceded byRichard Onslow Baron Onslow 1717–1740 Succeeded byRichard Onslow
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