978: Treaty of Margut-sur-Chiers, between France and German empire, the river Scheldt is recognised as the border between Neustria and Lotharingia[6]
980 – the German Emperor Otto II awarded Antwerp a margraviate, and build a fortification on the wharf (de burg) with a ditch the "burchtgracht"
1100 The Roya is a small natural river that runs outside the "Burchtgracht"
1104 The fortification of the "Burcht" is reinforced by Emperor Hendrik IV. The wall's height in increased from 5 metres (16 ft) to 12 metres (39 ft) its thickness from 1.35 metres (4.4 ft) to 2 metres (6.6 ft)
1109: Antwerp starts making city canals the "ruienstelsel" From the Koolvliet in the north via, Holenrui, Minderbroedersrui to Suikerrui and Botervliet in the south
13th–15th century
1250 – Construction of the second Vleeshuis, city butchery and Guildhouse of the butchers[7]
^Stadsarcheologie, Tony Oost 1976-1982, site 'Stadsparking'
^Oost, Tony: De bewoning te Antwerpen tijdens de Gallo-Romeinse periode. In: Warmenbol-feit-1987
^Oost, T.: De opgravingen "Stadsparking" te Antwerpen: een voorlopig verslag (dec. 1974-maart 1976). In: "Antwerpen", 22 (1976), 2: 68-76. www zie: Archeoweb Antwerpen [1]Archived 7 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Belgium: Anvers". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
^Inge Bertels (2007). "Expressing Local Specificity: The Flemish Renaissance Revival in Belgium and the AntwerpCity Architect Pieter Jan Auguste Dens". Architectural History. 50.
^G. Thomann (1886), Some thoughts on the International Temperance meeting, held at Antwerp in September, 1885, New York, OL14042676M((citation)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Historiek" (in Dutch). Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen - Koninklijk Conservatorium. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Antwerp". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 – via Hathi Trust.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1869), "Antwerp", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, hdl:2027/njp.32101075979870
Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Antwerp", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC8395555