Timeline of the
1999 Atlantic hurricane season
Season summary map
Season boundaries
First system formedJune 11, 1999
Last system dissipatedNovember 23, 1999
Strongest system
NameFloyd
Maximum winds155 mph (250 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure921 mbar (hPa; 27.2 inHg)
Longest lasting system
NameDennis
Duration14.75 days
Storm articles
Other years
1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001

The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual tropical cyclone season in the north Atlantic Ocean. This Atlantic hurricane season saw a near-average number of named tropical storms,[1][nb 1] though five of them became dangerous hurricanes of Category 4 intensity on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson scale, the most in a single season since 1886.[3] The season officially began on June 1, 1999 and ended on November 30, 1999. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical systems form.[4] This season's first storm, Tropical Storm Arlene, formed on June 11, while the last, Hurricane Lenny, dissipated on November 23.

Altogether, 12 tropical storms formed during the season, including eight hurricanes of which five intensified into major hurricanes.[1][nb 2] There were also four tropical depressions that did not reach tropical storm strength.[3] The most significant hurricane of the season was Hurricane Floyd, which caused devastating flooding along the East Coast of the United States,[1] especially in North Carolina, which had been hit only ten days earlier by Hurricane Dennis.[6] Another strong hurricane, Hurricane Lenny became the strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record, and maintained a west-to-east track through the Caribbean for nearly its entire duration. Because of its unusual path, it developed the nickname "Wrong Way Lenny."[7] The deadliest tropical cyclone of the season was Tropical Depression Eleven, whose heavy rain and resultant flooding caused 400 deaths in Mexico.[3] Following the 1999 season, the names Floyd and Lenny were retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.[8]

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.

By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[9] In this time line, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective local time included in parentheses.

Timeline

Hurricane LennyTropical Storm Katrina (1999)Hurricane Jose (1999)Hurricane Irene (1999)October 1999 Mexico floodsTropical Storm Harvey (1999)Hurricane Gert (1999)Hurricane FloydHurricane Dennis (1999)Hurricane BretSaffir-Simpson scale

June

June 1

June 11

June 12

Tropical Storm Arlene on June 13

June 13

June 17

June 18

July

July 2

July 3

August

August 18

August 19

August 20

August 21

August 22

Radar image of Hurricane Bret making landfall in Texas on August 22

August 23

August 24

August 26

August 27

Hurricane Cindy at peak intensity on August 28

August 28

August 29

The erratic storm path of Hurricane Dennis

August 30

August 31

September

September 1

September 4

September 5

September 6

September 7

September 8

September 10

September 11

September 12

September 13

Hurricane Floyd on September 14

September 14

September 15

Hurricane Gert on September 16

September 16

September 17

September 18

September 19

September 20

Tropical Storm Harvey on September 21

September 21

September 22

September 23

October

October 4

October 5

October 6

October 8

October 13

October 14

Hurricane Irene making landfall on Florida on October 15

October 15

October 16

October 17

October 18

October 19

Hurricane Jose at peak intensity on October 20

October 20

October 21

October 24

October 25

October 28

October 29

October 30

November

November 13

November 14

November 15

November 16

November 17

Hurricane Lenny at peak intensity as a high-end Category 4 hurricane

November 18

November 19

November 20

November 21

November 30

Notes

  1. ^ An average Atlantic hurricane season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has 12 tropical storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes.[2]
  2. ^ Hurricanes reaching Category 3 (111 miles per hour (179 km/h)) and higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale are considered major hurricanes.[5]
  3. ^ The figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the National Hurricane Center's operational products for each storm. All other units are rounded to the nearest digit.

References

  1. ^ a b c Dolce, Chris (June 12, 2018). "Top-10 Most Extreme Atlantic Hurricane Seasons in the Satellite Era". weather.com. Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  2. ^ "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Lawrence, Miles B.; Avila, Lixion A.; Beven, Jack L.; Franklin, James L.; Guiney, John L.; Pasch, Richard J. (December 2001). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1999". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (12). American Meteorological Society: 3057–3084. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.3057L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3057:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Dorst, Neal (June 1, 2018). "Hurricane Season Information". Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  5. ^ "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  6. ^ Herring, David (March 1, 2000). "Hurricane Floyd Series: Hurricane Floyd's Lasting Legacy". Greenbelt, Maryland: NASA Earth Observatory, Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  7. ^ Mitchell, Chaffin (November 29, 2019). "Remembering some of the most notorious November Atlantic hurricanes". accuweather.com. State College, Pennsylvania: AccuWeather. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  8. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names". miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  9. ^ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e Franklin, James (July 7, 1999). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  11. ^ Guiney, John L. (June 12, 1999). Tropical Storm Arlene Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c Pasch, Richard J. (July 29, 1999). "Brief Information About Tropical Depression Two" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Lawrence, Miles B.; Kimberlain (February 26, 2001). Preliminary report Hurricane Bret (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Guiney, John (December 9, 1999). Preliminary Report Hurricane Cindy (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  15. ^ Franklin, James (August 20, 1999). Tropical Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 9A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  16. ^ Avila, Lixion (August 21, 1999). Hurricane Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 13A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  17. ^ Lawrence, Miles B. (August 23, 1999). Tropical Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 19B (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Beven, Jack (January 11, 2000). Preliminary Report Hurricane Dennis (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  19. ^ a b c d Avila, Lixion (September 30, 1999). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Emily (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  20. ^ Beven, Jack (August 26, 1999). Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 9A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  21. ^ Avila, Lixion (August 28, 1999). Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 18A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  22. ^ Beven, Jack (August 30, 1999). Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 28A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  23. ^ Beven, Jack (August 31, 1999). Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 32A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  24. ^ Jarvinen, Brian R. (September 5, 1999). Tropical Depression Dennis Advisory Number 50 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  25. ^ a b c Avila, Lixion (October 17, 1999). Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Seven (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  26. ^ Roth, David (September 7, 1999). Remnants of DENNIS Advisory Number 60 (Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Centers For Environmental Prediction Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, NWS. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pasch, Richard J.; Kimberlain, Todd B.; Stewart, Stacy R. (November 18, 1999) [Updated September 9, 2014]. Preliminary Report Hurricane Floyd (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  28. ^ Franklin, James (September 10, 1999). Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lawrence, Miles (July 22, 2000). Preliminary report Hurricane Gert (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  30. ^ Franklin, James (September 12, 1999). Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 19A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  31. ^ Franklin, James (September 12, 1999). Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 20A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  32. ^ Lawrence, Miles (September 13, 1999). Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 23A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  33. ^ Guiney, John (September 14, 1999). Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 26A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  34. ^ Guiney, John (September 17, 1999). Tropical Storm Floyd Advisory Number 39 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  35. ^ a b c d Guiney, John (December 9, 1999). Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Harvey (PDF) (Report). miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  36. ^ Pasch, Richard J. (September 21, 1999). Tropical Storm Gert Intermediate Advisory Number 41A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  37. ^ Guiney, John (September 21, 1999). Tropical Storm Harvey Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  38. ^ a b c Beven, Jack (December 1, 1999). Brief Information about Tropical Depression Eleven (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  39. ^ a b c Franklin, James (November 9, 1999). Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Twelve (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Avila, Lixion (November 22, 1999). Preliminary Report Hurricane Irene (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  41. ^ Beven, Jack; Guiney, John L. (October 16, 1999). Hurricane Irene Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pasch, Richard J. (November 22, 1999). Preliminary Report Hurricane Jose (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  43. ^ Beven, Jack (October 18, 1999). Hurricane Irene Intermediate Advisory Number 20A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  44. ^ Franklin, James (October 25, 1999). Tropical Storm Jose Advisory Number 31 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  45. ^ a b c Lawrence, Miles (November 30, 1999). Preliminary report Tropical Storm Katrina (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  46. ^ Guiney, John L. (October 29, 1999). Tropical Depression Fifteen Intermediate Advisory Number 4A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  47. ^ Franklin, James (October 29, 1999). Tropical Storm Katrina Intermediate Advisory Number 5A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Guiney, John (December 9, 1999) [modified February 22, 2000]. Preliminary Report Hurricane Lenny (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  49. ^ Beven, Jack (November 15, 1999). Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 8A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  50. ^ Beven, Jack (November 16, 1999). Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 12A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  51. ^ Pasch, Richard J. (November 16, 1999). Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 14A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Weather Service. Retrieved August 2, 2020.