The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was delete. Consensus is that WP:GNG is not met for lack of appropriate sources. The "keep" arguments, made in a bludgeoning manner, are unpersuasive. They consist mainly of references to Wikiproject pages that are not community-adopted guidelines or policies and therefore have no weight in deletion discussions. Sandstein 13:20, 23 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Sigma Mu Delta

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Sigma Mu Delta (edit | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views) – (View log | edits since nomination)
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No coverage I could find from independent sources. Scouring LinkedIn previews suggested there are ~30 students in a chapter. It's a decent article but does not seem to meet WP: GNG at present. Kazamzam (talk) 12:38, 1 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your engagement in this discussion. I found a few items that speak to validity, showing that the schools themselves see the fraternity as a member of their communities. One of these is the Constitution of the Beta chapter from UC Berkeley. There are portal pages, such as the portal at UC Berkeley to their local group. Next, I note that the Alpha chapter has been placed on an indefinite revocation (~unknown duration), see the local chapter being listed for the hazing issue, here, which is actually quite uncommon among US-based professional fraternities. Odd... Third, I note that where I thought in my quick skim of Google that I saw a Guidestar page, it was a false lead. Looking for it, it noted a "Davis Foundation" which is unrelated, but I saw a second link to what I consider an tangential reference to a $1.7M 'medical foundation' under the Sigma Mu Delta name, here. --Pretty tiny for a foundation. But that may be an innocent pick-up by the datanyze group to simply reference a property owned by the group, assuming it was a charitable foundation. That dollar amount is not uncommon for similar fraternity buildings. With the fact of their Alpha chapter suspended for hazing they have other things to worry about, IMHO. Finally, as we deal with organizations that can be 200 years old - certainly not this one - we occasionally find small organizations that have gone dormant yet are still notable: The fact of dormancy does not disqualify a group from consideration as "notable", and is one of Wikipedia's rules that notability does not diminish over time. I.e.: if it was once notable, it can still claim to have met that bar.
I fully agree that this isn't a widely publicized group. But I think it is notable enough to merit a page. I also agree it needs additional citations. As Wikipedia is a work in progress, and we have plenty of space, since we can be reasonably certain Sigma Mu Delta exists and that they've existed for 25 years, they meet the bar for inclusion here. Jax MN (talk) 21:17, 1 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Star Mississippi 18:33, 8 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Comment - Thank you for reviewing for additional sources, as we have done. Project supporters will continue to do so, and have improved the article over the past few weeks. Wikipedia is a work in progress; this organization continues to operate and do its work on its campuses. Project supporters have long realized that, unlike controversial subjects, or groups that have misbehavior complaints among the various fraternities and sororities, media coverage is scant. The truism remains, that "Scandal sells papers and delivers media coverage", even while the many groups that quietly operate without publicity, and without seeking notoriety, these still are valuable, clarifying additions to Wikipedia. I find, and believe I speak for many readers interested in these organizations on various campuses, that it creates an unbalanced perception of the nature of all such fraternities and societies if we were to only allow articles for those groups where there is salacious media coverage or where an organization is relatively large. With 800 living members, yes, this group is fairly small, but valid, and deserves a page. Wikipedia has the space, and this article simply shows that we acknowledge that fact. To attempt to kill all articles for benign, quietly-operating groups does a disservice to readers. Jax MN (talk) 01:34, 16 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Relisting comment: An analysis and discussion of the available sources would be helpful.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, —⁠ScottyWong⁠— 06:25, 16 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Relisting comment - I'd like to point out that while it's great that WikiProject Fraternities & Sororities has come up with a list of specific requirements for a fraternity/sorority to be considered notable, it's important to note that this list of requirements is not a WP policy or guideline, and doesn't overrule the requirement for every WP article to be backed up by significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, regardless of its inclusion in a WikiProject. I've relisted this discussion in the hopes that an analysis and discussion about the available sources (and whether they satisfy WP:GNG) can take place here, rather than an analysis of WikiProject rules, which aren't particularly relevant here, and can only really serve as a guide to quickly estimate the likelihood that a fraternity/sorority has received significant coverage in reliable sources. However, if challenged, those sources need to be provided, or else the article will be deleted, even if it satisfies the WikiProject's rules. —⁠ScottyWong⁠— 06:33, 16 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Response -The WikiProject did not create this article but used our internal criteria to determine if it was worth defending in this challenge. There are literally thousands of local fraternal groups that we deem unworthy of a Wikipedia article. As I understand it, we met the original challenge that the article lacked sources and, now, there is an added challenge regarding the quality of the those source. Since I found most of those sources, I appreciate the chance to discuss them. @JMWt mentions student newspapers and university websites, so these are the specific sources I will verify against WP:GNG.
  • Reliable - As required, the student newspaper and universities websites are published sources. As required, these sources cover a range of time, and do not constitute breaking news that has not had time to be fact checked. WP:NEWSORG says that "news reporting from well-established news outlets is generally considered to be reliable for statements of fact." The California Aggie began in 1915, meeting the criteria for well-established. In addition, this student newspaper is, according to this article by the FIRE Foundation, overseen by a Media Board that is appointed by the university's administration. The California Aggie has a Wikipedia article, confirming that it is a notable source. The university websites included in the challenged article are the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Cruz, and University of California, Davis. I assume there is no issue with the notability and/or reliability of these institutions, but I dug deeper for the purposes of this discussion. UC Berkeley has a department of Communications & Public Affairs to oversee its communications. According to its webpage, this department is "staffed by experienced reporters and broadcast journalists." Although I did not review the biographies/resumes of this staff, the university is defining this office as professional journalists, with an implied code of ethics. The UC Santa Cruz Communications & Marketing office's mission statement includes providing content that is "accurate, credible". This department also provides policies and guidelines for the university's website. I agree that university websites might portray student organizations in a positive light and might lack neutrality. However, WP:BIASED says that "reliable sources are not required to be neutral, unbiased, or objective. Sometimes non-neutral sources are the best possible sources for supporting information about the different viewpoints held on a subject." In addition, UC Davis actually demonstrates its lack of bias by publishing negative content about the fraternity, noting hazing violations and a penalty. Thus, both the campus newspaper and the university websites meet the standard of being reliable for the purposes of Wikipedia content.
  • Sources - The newspaper and the university websites were not created by the subject of the article and are, therefore, secondary sources. The challenged article also has more than one secondary source, meeting the WP:GNG requirement: "since sources vary in quality and depth of coverage...multiple sources are generally expected".
  • Independent of the subject - The student newspaper and university websites were not created by the fraternity and therefore meet this standard. In the case of the newspaper, the articles have bi-lines and demonstrate a reporter/writer interacting with people, rather than copying a press release. Yet, this may be the most challenging criteria to explain as there is an inherent relationship between universities and fraternities. However, one of the cited references says that, at UC Berkeley, the relationship between the university and the fraternity is managed by a campus advisor and the Berkeley LEAD Center Student Organization Advising. The Lead Center webpage describes it role as recognizing student groups (RSOs), providing facilities and insurance for RSO events, and helping RSOs gain asses to campus resources. However, the LEAD Center notes "It is important to note that RSOs are separate entities from the University, and RSO programs, events, and activities do not represent UC Berkeley". Thus, the student newspaper and the university public affairs offices or even the LEAD Center are not the fraternity and do not represent the fraternity when they publish information and articles about the fraternity. These sources are, in fact, independent of the subject as required by Wikipedia.
  • Significant coverage - This requirement does not specify the length of significant coverage, but defines it as something between a book and trivial coverage. I hope we can all agree that a newspaper article meets this standard. The California Aggie ran "Bone Marrow Drive Aims to Draw Underrepresented Groups for Test" and "Panel to Feature MCAT Review Course Representatives" which are articles about events sponsored by the fraternity. The other instance of significant coverage is "Sigma Mu Delta | CA Link" published by UC Berkeley. This is a short feature covering the fraternity's activities, history, and other chapters. I believe any concerns about the neutrality of this content were addressed above under Reliable.
  • Presumed - Since coverage alone is not a guarantee of the need for an article, WP:GNG encourages "a more in-depth discussion." To me, this is where the members of WikiProject Fraternities & Sororities can really help because we have each looked at hundreds of articles covering this subject matter. Recently, I reviewed eight draft fraternity articles by non-WP editors and found that only two of the organizations came close to meeting the criteria for notability as I searched for sources. Another WP member challenged me to dig deeper for content and sources on one of those two before agreeing to publish the article. We don't believe all fraternal groups need articles, nor do we defend content that does not fit the standards for Wikipedia. If a U.S. fraternity/sorority formed prior to 1991 and is notable, it was included in Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, but this fraternity was formed after Baird's ceased publication so we have to look elsewhere. With regards to fraternal histories, there are many out there and most are authored by historians and scholars—who are members of the fraternity. These biased sources are something that WP members are used to reviewing and evaluating. As a result, I find that brief mentions of a fraternity in newspaper and university articles are more important as a citation than a book of puffery because being independent is more important than length when determining reliability. @Jax MN is correct that some fraternities can have thousands of members at hundreds of campuses in the United States and abroad, and still have only been covered by local newspapers or the university unless there is a hazing scandal or a significant violation of university policy. This type of low profile does not mean that a fraternity lacks notability by Wikipedia's standards. As in this instance, the sources provided can and do meet the criteria to document notability.
  • I also want to apply the concept that Wikipedia is a work in progress. The variety and number of secondary sources already found through quick Google searches show a pattern of media coverage of the subject over many years. There is every expectation that new sources will emerge or already exist to improve this article. As new sources are found, this article can be enhanced and expanded, along with removing primary sources and/or content not backed by reliable sources. This article is already better than many stub/start class articles in Wikipedia, with reasonably good prose, many reliable sources, and a neutral/encyclopedic tone. This article now has oversight by a WikiProject that has guidelines, active members, and a willingness to reject and/or replace inappropriate content. There are editors involved that have no connection to the subject of the article and no desire for self-promotion. This article, like all of Wikipedia, is a work in progress. It should be allowed to progress and grow. Rublamb (talk) 23:12, 16 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
The notability of the sources covering a topic has no bearing on that topic's notability. Statements describing a campus organization on that university's website are not independent because they are affiliated with the subject (despite not being the same) and normally written by the subject itself. Meanwhile, per WP:AUD, an organization's notability cannot be proven solely by coverage in local media (of which college newspapers are the foremost example). I see no sources that aren't either a hosting college or student newspaper. Neither are sufficient to demonstrate notability. Compassionate727 (T·C) 16:28, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Response: The notability of sources equates to reliability which is a requirement of WP:GNG. It, in fact, does matter when evaluating the quality of the references which is what is in question in this challenge. I have provided documentation and sources regarding the separation of the fraternity and the university and its publication. Your statement that the university and fraternity are not independent and that content in question was written by the group is your opinion, not fact, which does not trump documentation. With regards to WP:AUD, it says that "at least one regional, statewide, provincial, national, or international source is necessary." The first source in the article, Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office: Trademarks. U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office. 2005 qualifies as a national source. Note that WP:AUD does not specify that this source must provide significant coverage, simply that it must be a source. In addition, the students, alumni, potential students, and parents of students of these universities live across the state of California, across the United States, and internationally; therefore, the audience is not just local but statewide, national, and international. Rublamb (talk) 16:47, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Notability does not equal reliability. See the Daily Mail, Breitbart, CGTN, and dozens of other examples at WP:RSP that are both notable and deprecated because they are unreliable.
Universities are not independent of fraternities for our purposes. Dependence is not limited to "one created the other." Per WP:NORG, related organizations include business partners and associates. You yourself observed that the University of California provides facilities, insurance, and other resources to Sigma Mu Delta; this is obviously a business relationship. I could also point to other facets of the relationship, like how Sigma Mu Delta and other fraternities provide robust social networks and thereby help universities with things like alumni outreach and connecting students with jobs. The point of all of this is that universities are interested and involved in the activities of fraternities, including an interest in promoting those things by writing about them, and are therefore not independent of the subject for notability purposes. This is, of course, assuming that UC staff and not ΣΜΔ members wrote them, which is obviously not the case in, e.g., UC Berkeley's page, which uses first person pronouns to describe the organization.
It is literally not true that WP:AUD does not mention significant coverage, read the second sentence again. Additionally, it says national or international media; the US Patent and Trademark Office is not media, it is a government body, and anything it publishes is a primary source which does not contribute to notability. Meanwhile, The California Aggie is written by students, for students, and unlikely to be read by anyone not involved with the college. Sigma Mu Delta's membership obviously does not affect The California Aggie's readership. Compassionate727 (T·C) 17:46, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Response Yes, WP:AUD talks about significant coverage and media. However, I will quote again "at least one regional, statewide, provincial, national, or international source is necessary." It does not say "one significant source" its says "one...source". It does not say media, it says source. A book is a source. And, even if it did say media, a book is mass media, under the subsection of print media. Your belief that anything published by a government body is a primary source is unfounded and, frankly, absurd. In this instance, the primary source would be the trademark application/paperwork from the fraternity. However, the government publication summarizes those primary sources, making this a secondary source Rublamb (talk) 18:18, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
The second sentence says: Evidence of significant coverage by international or national, or at least regional, media is a strong indication of notability. You are supposed to know to resupply the adjective "significant" from the second sentence into the third. This section tightens the sourcing requirements for organizations, not weakens them: it is not a magic wand by which every organization that has ever been mentioned by an institution of national reach becomes notable if anyone else reliable has talked about them.
I disagree with your opinion that the government's report of all the trademarks it granted is a secondary source, but it is irrelevant: the coverage is not significant and not even directly about the organization (just its trademark). Compassionate727 (T·C) 21:04, 21 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Response: Mr. or Ms. Compassionate, you've made a very broad statement, unsupported, that collegiate media articles are "normally written by the subject itself." This is conjectural, and in no way accurate for the majority of colleges, certainly not for the three state schools which are home to Sigma Mu Delta. These are not tiny colleges with a couple of writers toiling on a weekly news sheet, who beg for filler content. These are long-standing publications with professional and student staff, operating (and teaching) under principles of journalistic codes. It's akin to saying that because I shop at the same grocery as a neighborhood bully, that I am somehow affiliated. This would be an equivalent logical fallacy. The article clearly meets the standard of notability. Jax MN (talk) 17:29, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
You misunderstand me, I meant that pages describing Sigma Mu Delta on the University's websites were probably written by its members (or other involved persons), not student newspaper articles. Compassionate727 (T·C) 17:50, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
It doesn't matter either way; student newspapers are only written for the interest of students and faculty of the university and generally only write about things that a directly relevant to them. There is absolutely no way to tell if the author of the newspaper article was independent of the organisation in question. Similarly, the university recognising (or not recognising) a student organisation such as this is very weak evidence of notability. The university likely recognises the chess team that doesn't mean that the university chess team is therefore notable. The fact is that outside of the university community very few have taken much notice of this organisation. Unless there is media coverage totally outwith of the university community, it isn't notable. JMWt (talk) 18:57, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Your argument that there is no way to tell if the author of a newspaper article is independent of the subject is interesting and would have a far reaching impact to Wikipedia if taken at face value across all newspapers. Journalism is a profession with a code of ethics. If the publication is professional and reliable, there is an assumption of the reporter's independence from the subject of the article--unless stated otherwise. I frequently find guest pieces in campus newspapers and other newspapers that cite the authors relationship to the subject, such as a student belonging to an organization or playing on an athletic team. Online versions of campus newspapers almost always link to short bio of the writer. In this instance, I am looking at an article written by a senior editor of the Aggie. In evaluating this person's independence from the fraternity, it is more likely than not that a senior editor of the newspaper is not a pre-med student and, therefore, is not a member this fraternity exclusively for pre-med students. However, from your position, this doesn't matter because this is a campus newspaper. So, let's look at the source from a local newspaper, The Press-Tribune of Roseville, CA. Granted, this is a mention rather than a feature, but it does represent coverage totally outside of the university community. I also added Hlaudy, Korey (2011-03-15). UC Davis 2012. College Prowler. ISBN 978-1-4274-9714-7. Now there are three sources not linked to the fraternity or the campus--two books and one newspaper article. Rublamb (talk) 19:45, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Just for clarity, you are seriously trying to tell us that the College Prowler book reference is useful for determining notability. It's a single line in a table on one page. I'm not clear what you think this proves, but it doesn't. JMWt (talk) 22:12, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
I also forgot the the Day of Difference website if for a foundation in Australia. Rublamb (talk) 20:26, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]


I'm not sure where you've been but AfD decisions are not determined by a majority vote but by the quality of the argument weighed against policy. JMWt (talk) 18:12, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Correct. That is why I have expanded my response (as my earlier comments were apparently not clear enough to end the debate). Rublamb (talk) 18:21, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
No, you have not ended the debate as I dispute all of your conclusions. JMWt (talk) 18:28, 17 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Yeah, we've already heard the argument that the wikiproject is special and that your special pages shouldn't have to follow policy. Several times now. WP:BLUD JMWt (talk) 07:14, 22 February 2023 (UTC)[reply]
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.