Uma
Pipikoro
Native toIndonesia
RegionSulawesi
Native speakers
(20,000 cited 1990)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ppk
Glottologumaa1242
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Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonant inventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palato-
(alveolar)
Retroflex Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d g
prenasalized ᵐp ⁿt ⁿtʃ ᵑk
Fricative β s h
Trill r
Approximant l j (ɭ)

Notes:

Orthographic notes:

Vowels

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Vowel inventory
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-Mid e o
Open a

Pronouns

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Pronominals
  Free ABS ERG GEN
1P (SG) akuʔ   -a   ku-   -ku  
1P (PL.ex) kaiʔ   -kai   ki-   -kai  
1P (PL.in) kitaʔ   -ta   ta-   -ta  
2P (SG) iko   -ko   nu-   -nu  
2P (PL) koiʔ   -koi   ni-   -ni  
3P (SG) hiʔa   -i   na-   -na  
3P (PL) hiraʔ   -ra   ra-   -ra  

Notes:[2]

Numerals

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The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:

  1. isaʔ
  2. dua
  3. tolu
  4. opoʔ
  5. lima
  6. ono
  7. pitu
  8. walu
  9. sio
  10. hampuluʔ

Classification of Uma varieties

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Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.

Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma,[3] noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.

Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.

References

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  1. ^ Uma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ a b Martens 1988a, p. 168
  3. ^ Martens, Michael P. (2014), Uma Dialect Word Lists, Sulawesi Language Alliance, pp. 1–2

Bibliography

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