Rade | |
---|---|
Klei Êđê | |
Native to | Vietnam |
Ethnicity | Rade |
Native speakers | 180,000 in Vietnam (2007)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
Latin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:rad – Radeibh – Bih |
Glottolog | rade1240 Radebiha1246 Bih |
ELP | Bih |
Rade (Rhade; Rade: klei Êđê; Vietnamese: tiếng Ê-đê or tiếng Ê Đê) is an Austronesian language of southern Vietnam. There may be some speakers in Cambodia. It is a member of the Chamic subgroup, and is closely related to the Cham language of central Vietnam.[2]
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:24)[3] lists nine dialects of Rade. They are spoken mostly in Đắk Lắk Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam.
Bih, which has about 1,000 speakers, may be a separate language.[4] Tam Nguyen (2015) reported that there are only 10 speakers of Bih out of an ethnic population of about 400 people.[5]
A patrilineal Rade subgroup known as the Hmok or Hmok Pai is found in the Buôn Ma Thuột area (Phạm 2005:212).[6]
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)[3] provides the following classification for the Rade dialects. Đoàn (1998) also provides a 1,000-word vocabulary list for all of the nine Rade dialects.
Đoàn Văn Phúc (1998:23)[3] assigns the following cognacy percentages for comparisons between Kpă and the other eight dialects of Rade, with Bih as the most divergent dialect.
The spelling is shown in italics.
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
High | ĭ /i/ | i /iː/ | ư̆ /ɨ/ | ư /ɨː/ | ŭ /u/ | u /uː/ |
Mid | ê̆ /e/ | ê /eː/ | ơ̆ /ə/ | ơ /əː/ | ô̆ /o/ | ô /oː/ |
Low | ĕ /ɛ/ | e /ɛː/ | ă /a/ | a /aː/ | ŏ /ɔ/ | o /ɔː/ |
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ñ /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||
Stop | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | č /c/ | k /k/ | /ʔ/ |
aspirated | ph /pʰ/ | th /tʰ/ | čh /cʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | ||
implosive | ƀ /ɓ/ | đ /ɗ/ | dj /ʄ/ | |||
Fricative | s /s/ | h /h/ | ||||
Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | |||
Rhotic | r /r/ |