From top left, clockwise: the crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere ; SARS became an epidemic in China , and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2 ; Myspace launches becoming one of the first major social media platforms; protests in London against the Invasion of Iraq ; a drained river in France during the European heatwave ; an earthquake in Bam, Iran kills 30,000 people; abuse and torture of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison by U.S. personnel; a statue of Saddam Hussein is toppled in Baghdad after his regime was deposed during the Iraq War . Calendar year
2003 (MMIII ) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar , the 2003rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 3rd millennium and the 21st century , and the 4th year of the 2000s decade.
Calendar year
2003 was designated the International Year of the Fresh Water .[1]
In 2003, a United States-led coalition invaded Iraq , starting the Iraq War .
Demographics
The world population on January 1, 2003, was estimated to be 6.272 billion people and increased to 6.353 billion people by January 1, 2004.[2] [2] life expectancy was 67.1 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2002.[2] child mortality was 6.85%, a decrease of 0.27pp from 2002.[3] extreme poverty , a decrease of 1.31pp from 2002[4]
There were approximately 10.6 million global refugees at the beginning of 2003, and the number was reduced to 9.7 million refugees by the end of the year.[5] [5]
Conflicts
There were 29 armed conflicts affecting 22 countries in 2003. This was a net decrease from 31 conflicts in 2002.[6] : 625 Kashmir , Liberia, Nepal, and Sudan.[6] : 627
Internal conflicts
The Colombian conflict against two Marxist militant groups—the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia and the National Liberation Army —escalated in 2003.[7] : 101 United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia to disband as a means to deescalate the conflict.[7] : 102
The First Ivorian Civil War was halted in 2003 amid a ceasefire while France and the states of ECOWAS intervened. Peace talks fell apart on March 7 until the ceasefire was restored on May 3, only to be broken again on September 23. The war was left in a frozen state at the end of 2003 with rebels controlling parts of the country.[7] : 115–116 Second Liberian Civil War against Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy escalated when the Movement for Democracy in Liberia split off as its own faction.[7] : 116 Charles Taylor resigned on August 2, allowing a peace agreement to take place on August 18.[7] : 118
The Indonesian insurgency in Aceh escalated when a demilitarization agreement failed and the government renewed its offensive in May.[7] : 126 Moro conflict in the Philippines deescalated when the Philippine government agreed to peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in July, though conflicts with other groups continued.[7] : 129
The Sri Lankan Civil War continued in 2003 as peace talks failed, and long-running civil wars in Burundi and in Uganda both escalated.[7] : 107–112 Second Sudanese Civil War escalated as new militant groups joined the conflict,[6] : 628 National Islamic Front and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on September 25.[7] : 119 Second Chechen War continued in Russia: the Russian government held a referendum for a new Chechen constitution and offered amnesty for Chechen rebels, but terror attacks continued.[7] : 125
International conflicts
Only two inter-state conflicts took place in 2003: the Iraq War and the Kashmir conflict . The Kashmir conflict saw progress toward resolution in 2003 as negotiations began and a ceasefire took effect on November 23.[7] : 95 invasion of Iraq beginning on March 20, warning that Iraq had been operating a program to develop weapons of mass destruction . The subsequent Iraq War became the most publicized conflict in 2003.[6] : 627–628
The Second Intifada continued into 2003 as conflict between Israel and Palestine killed 400 people in suicide bombings by Palestinians and military strikes by the Israel Defense Forces .[7] : 104
Culture
Media
The highest-grossing films globally in 2003 were The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Finding Nemo The Matrix Reloaded Bayside Shakedown 2 [8] Finding Nemo ,[9] [10] [11] [12] Lost in Translation [9] [11] [13] Master and Commander [9] [10] [13]
Music sales in 2003 amounted to about 2.7 billion units, a decline of 6.5% from 2002. DVD music video thrived in 2003 at the expense of singles and cassettes .[14] Come Away with Me Norah Jones , Get Rich or Die Tryin' 50 Cent , and Meteora Linkin Park . No non-English albums were among the global top fifty albums sold in 2003.[15]
Sports
Golf saw an upset when Ben Curtis defeated some of the sport's top players in his first major competition at the 2003 Open Championship . Tennis players Roger Federer and Andy Roddick won their first Grand Slams in 2003.[16]
Economy
Further information: Category:2003 in economics
The global economy improved in the second half of 2003 as it recovered from the early 2000s recession , brought about by low interest rates and expansionary fiscal policy . The United States led the recovery, while China and Japan also made significant contributions. The economic situation improved in Latin America and Africa, while Western Europe saw slower recovery. The gross world product increased by 2.5% in 2003, and international trade increased by 4.75%. The prices of non-fuel commodities, such as metal, minerals, and agricultural materials, increased during the year.[17]
Environment and weather
2003 tied with 2002 as the second hottest year on record, behind only 1998 . The year began during an El Niño period that continued until April. A major heatwave occurred in Europe during the summer, causing approximately 70,000 deaths, 14,000 in France alone.
Severe cold weather affected Asia, North America, and Peru. 2003 saw low precipitation, causing droughts in Australia, the United States, and Zimbabwe. The previous year's droughts in Asia were alleviated by heavy precipitation in the region.[18]
Major earthquakes in 2003 included a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Algeria on May 21 that killed over 2,200 people and a magnitude 6.6 earthquake in Iran on December 26 that killed about 50,000 people.[19]
The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season was above average in activity, including sixteen named storms of which seven were hurricanes. The most severe hurricanes were Hurricane Fabian , Hurricane Isabel , and Hurricane Kate . Tropical Storm Ana was the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April, and 2003 was the first year since 1887 to have two tropical storms occur in December.[20] 2003 Pacific typhoon season was slightly more intense than average, though the overall number of tropical storms was below average with 23 total storms. The most destructive typhoons were Typhoon Dujuan , which made landfall in Guangdong , China, on September 2, and Typhoon Maemi , which made landfall in South Korea on September 12.[21]
Health
The World Health Organization set "shaping the future" as its health focus for 2003, seeking to improve health systems and primary health care for the poor.[22]
Events
January
February
February 1 – At the conclusion of the STS-107 mission, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry over Texas , killing all seven astronauts on board.[28] February 4 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is renamed to "Serbia and Montenegro" (after its two constituent states) after its leaders reconstitute the country into a loose state-union between Montenegro and Serbia , marking an end to the 73-year-long use of the name "Yugoslavia" by a sovereign state.[29] February 5 – U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell speaks to the United Nations presenting the case for a military invasion of Iraq. It will later be discovered that the Bush administration misled him when preparing his testimony.[30] February 7 – 2003 El Nogal Club bombing : A car bomb goes off in the garage of the El Nogal club in Bogotá , Colombia, killing 36 people and injuring hundreds.[31] February 15 –16 – Antwerp diamond heist : An Italian gang steals loose diamonds, gold and jewellery valued at more than $100 million from a Belgian vault, one of the largest robberies in history.[32] [33] February 15 – Millions of people worldwide take part in massive anti-war protests in anticipation of the United States and its allies invading Iraq to overthrow Saddam Hussein 's regime.[34] February 18 – An arsonist sets fire to a subway train in Daegu, South Korea, killing 192 people.[35] February 19 – An Ilyushin Il-76 plane crashes near Kerman Airport in Iran, killing 270 military personnel.[36] February 20 – A pyrotechnics accident during a Great White concert causes a fire at a nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island , killing 100 people.[37] February 24 – 2003 Bachu earthquake : A 6.8 Mw earthquake strikes in Xinjiang , killing 257 people.[38] February 26 – The War in Darfur begins after rebel groups rise up against the Sudanese government.[39] February 27 – Former Bosnian Serb leader Biljana Plavšić is sentenced by the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to 11 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War .[40]
March
April
April 9 – U.S. forces seize control of Baghdad , ending the rule of Saddam Hussein.[46] April 12 – Hungary approves joining the European Union in a referendum .[49] April 14 – The Human Genome Project is completed, with 99% of the human genome sequenced to 99.99% accuracy.[50] April 16 – The Treaty of Accession [51] European Union and ten countries (Czech Republic , Estonia , Cyprus , Latvia , Lithuania , Hungary , Malta , Poland , Slovenia and Slovakia ), concerning these countries' accession into the EU, leading to the 2004 enlargement of the European Union .April 17 – Anneli Jäätteenmäki takes office as the first female prime minister of Finland .[52] April 18 – Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visits Kashmir and expresses support for peace negotiations with Pakistan.[7] : 95 April 20 – Tropical Storm Ana becomes the first recorded North Atlantic tropical storm to occur in April.[20] April 21 – The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam end peace talks in the Sri Lankan Civil War .[7] : 107 April 27 – Nicanor Duarte Frutos is elected president over Julio César Franco in the 2003 Paraguayan general election .[53] April 29 – The United States announces the withdrawal of its troops stationed in Saudi Arabia , and the redeployment of some at the Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar .[54]
May
May 1
May 11
May 12
May 15 – 2003 Argentine general election : Néstor Kirchner becomes president-elect of Argentina after Carlos Menem withdraws from the runoff election.[62] May 16 – 2003 Casablanca bombings : Islamist militants affiliated with Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb carry out a series of suicide bombings in Casablanca , Morocco, killing at least 41 people.[63] May 17 – Slovakia approves joining the European Union in a referendum .[64] May 21 – The 6.8 Mw Boumerdès earthquake strikes in Algeria, killing over 2,200 people.[19] May 23 – Dewey , the world's first cloned deer is born, at Texas A&M University .[65] May 24 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2003 takes place in Riga , Latvia , and is won by Turkish entrant Sertab Erener with the song "Everyway That I Can ".[66] May 26 – A constitutional referendum is held in Rwanda.[67] May 28 – Prometea , the world's first cloned horse , is born.[68]
June
July
July–August – 2003 European heat wave : Europe experiences its hottest summer in over five centuries.[76]
July 1 – Tesla Inc. , the American electric car company, is founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in San Carlos, California.[77] [78] July 2 – The International Olympic Committee awards Vancouver the right to host the 2010 Winter Olympics .[79] July 4 – 2003 Quetta mosque bombing : Islamist militants attack a Shia mosque in Quetta , Pakistan, killing at least 44 people.[80] July 5 – Severe acute respiratory syndrome is declared to be contained by the World Health Organization.[81] July 6
July 10 – The existence of PSR B1620−26 b , the oldest known exoplanet in the galaxy, is confirmed using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope .[84] July 13 – The Iraqi Governing Council is created by the United States as an ethnically diverse provisional government of Iraq.[85] July 14 – Robert Novak identifies Valerie Plame as a covert CIA agent, initiating a scandal known as the Plame affair .[86] July 15 – The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia agrees to disband.[7] : 102 July 16 – Major Fernando Pereira leads a failed coup in São Tomé and Príncipe.[87] July 18 – The Convention on the Future of Europe finishes its work and proposes the first European Constitution.[88] July 24 – The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands , led by Australia , begins after ethnic violence engulfs the island country.[89] July 27 – Oakwood mutiny : Philippine military officers lead approximately 300 soldiers a failed coup.[90]
August
September
September 2 – Typhoon Dujuan makes landfall in Guangdong as a category 1 typhoon with sustained winds of 90 mph.[21] September 5 – Hurricane Fabian strikes Bermuda.[20] September 12 – Typhoon Maemi , makes landfall in South Korea as a category 3 typhoon with sustained winds of 125 mph.[21] September 14
September 15 – ELN rebels kidnap eight foreign tourists at Ciudad Perdida , Colombia , being freed 100 days later following negotiations with the Colombian government.[104] September 18 – Hurricane Isabel makes landfall in North Carolina .[20] September 20 – Latvia approves joining the European Union in a referendum .[105] September 24 – The Hubble Space Telescope starts the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field , making 800 exposures, until January 16, 2004.[106] September 27 – SMART-1 , an ESA spaceprobe and ESA's first mission to the moon, is launched from Kourou , French Guiana .[107] September 28 – 2003 Italy blackout : Power goes out across the Italian Peninsula for approximately 12 hours, affecting nearly all of the country's 57 million people.[108]
October
November
December
Nobel Prizes
New English words and terms
anti-cultural baby bump Big Rip binge-watch botnet darmstadtium electronic cigarette flash mob iraimbilanja manscaping MERS muffin top netroots SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome unfriend [128]
^ "A/RES/55/196 - International Year of Freshwater - UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements" . www.un-documents.net . Archived from the original on March 17, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2020 .^ a b c World Population Prospects 2022 (Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2022. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2023 .^ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Dadonaite, Bernadeta (May 10, 2013). "Child and Infant Mortality" . Our World in Data . Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ Hasell, Joe; Roser, Max; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Arrigada, Pablo (October 17, 2022). "Poverty" . Our World in Data . Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved October 6, 2023 . ^ a b 2003 Global Refugee Trends (Report). UNHCR . June 15, 2004. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 6, 2023 .^ a b c d Eriksson, Mikael; Wallensteen, Peter (2004). "Armed Conflict, 1989–2003" Journal of Peace Research . 41 (5): 625–636. doi :10.1177/0022343304047568 . ISSN 0022-3433 . S2CID 111915843 . Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Dwan, Renata; Gustavsson, Micaela (2004). "Major armed conflicts" . SIPRI Yearbook 2004: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security . Stockholm International Peace Research Institute . pp. 95–131. ISBN 978-0-19-926570-1 Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 . ^ "2003 Worldwide Box Office" . Box Office Mojo . Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 .^ a b c Ebert, Roger. "Best 10 Movies of 2003 | Roger Ebert | Roger Ebert" . rogerebert.com . Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 . ^ a b Scott, A. O. (December 28, 2003). "FILM: THE HIGHS; The Movies of the Year" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 . ^ a b "The 21st Century's 100 greatest films" . BBC . Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2023 .^ French, Philip (December 28, 2003). "Ring in the new" . The Observer . ISSN 0029-7712 . Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 . ^ a b "The Year In Film: 2003" . The A.V. Club . January 14, 2004. Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 .^ The Recording Industry World Sales (PDF) (Report). IFPI . 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 31, 2012.^ "2000-2005 Top 50 Albums [XLS]" . IFPI the original on March 23, 2012.^ "2003 World Sports Highlights" . Top End Sports . Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023 .^ World Economic Situation and Prospects 2004 (Report). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. January 8, 2004. p. 1. ISBN 978-92-1-109146-5 Archived from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2023 .^ Annual 2003 Global Climate Report (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2004. Archived from the original on October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023 .^ a b c "Timeline: World's deadliest earthquakes since 2000" . Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023 .^ a b c d Lawrence, Miles B.; Avila, Lixion A.; Beven, John L.; Franklin, James L.; Pasch, Richard J.; Stewart, Stacy R. (June 1, 2005). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2003" . Monthly Weather Review . 133 (6): 1744–1745. Bibcode :2005MWRv..133.1744L . doi :10.1175/MWR2940.1 ISSN 1520-0493 . ^ a b c Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (January 12, 2004). "Summary of 2002 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts" (PDF) . Tropical Storm Risk . University College London. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023 . ^ Walt, G. (January 3, 2004). "WHO's World Health Report 2003" . BMJ . 328 (7430): 6. doi :10.1136/bmj.328.7430.6 . ISSN 0959-8138 . PMC 313882 PMID 14703524 . ^ "Suicide bombings kill 23 in Tel Aviv" . CNN . January 6, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Loss of Pitch Control Caused Fatal Airliner Crash in Charlotte, North Carolina Last Year" . National Transportation Safety Board. February 26, 2004. NTSB SB-04-03. Archived from the original on March 20, 2021.^ "North Korea withdraws from nuclear treaty" . The Guardian . January 10, 2003. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ Mewhinney, Michael (February 25, 2003). "Pioneer 10 Spacecraft Sends Last Signal" . NASA . Archived from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ Aglionby, John (January 31, 2003). "Thais cut links with Cambodia after riots" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2022 . ^ "The Columbia Space Shuttle Accident" . Century of Flight . Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "The History of Serbia and Montenegro" . Fact Rover . Archived from the original on July 19, 2004. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Colin Powell's Fateful Moment" . The New Yorker . October 18, 2021. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Suárez, Juliana (February 6, 2019). "16 years of the attack at Club El Nogal in Bogotá - LatinAmerican Post" . Latin American Post . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Hopes of finding diamond haul fade" . BBC News . February 14, 2004. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022 .^ Davis, Joshua. "The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Diamond Heist" . Wired . Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2022 . ^ "Millions join global anti-war protests" . BBC News . February 17, 2003. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ Chan, Wing-Cheong (September 12, 2007). Support for Victims of Crime in Asia ISBN 978-1-134-07711-3 ^ "Iran plane crash kills 270 soldiers" . The Guardian . February 19, 2003. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ "The Station nightclub fire: What happened and who's to blame for disaster that killed 100?" . CBS News . October 24, 2021. Archived from the original on December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022 .^ Chan, Wendy (February 25, 2003). "China: Mighty earthquake strikes Xinjiang" . ReliefWeb . Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict" . BBC News . February 23, 2010. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ " . The Guardian Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "Malta votes 'yes' to EU membership" . CNN . March 9, 2003. Archived from the original on March 13, 2003. Retrieved November 3, 2016 .^ "Djindjic murder suspect arrested" . BBC . March 25, 2003. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "CNN.com - Timeline: SARS outbreak - Apr. 24, 2003" . edition.cnn.com . Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "CAR coup strongly condemned" . March 17, 2003. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ "Bush: 'Leave Iraq within 48 hours' . CNN . March 17, 2003. Archived from the original on March 20, 2003. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ a b Crichton, Kyle; Lamb, Gina; Jacquette, Rogene Fisher. "Timeline of Major Events in the Iraq War" . The New York Times Archived from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "Kashmir Massacre Shakes Village's Sense of Fraternity" . Los Angeles Times . March 30, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Green, Peter S. (March 24, 2003). "Slovenia Votes for Membership in European Union and NATO" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "Hungarians approve EU entry - theage.com.au" . www.theage.com.au . April 13, 2003. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "Human genome finally complete" . BBC . April 14, 2003. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "European Union Accession Act 2003" . UK Gov Legislation . Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022 .^ "Pääministeri Anneli Jäätteenmäki" Helsingin Sanomat Archived from the original on April 17, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2023 .^ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II , p425 ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3 ^ Schmitt, Eric (April 29, 2003). "U.S. to Withdraw All Combat Forces From Saudi Arabia" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ Ellul, Frederick; D'Ayala, Dina; Calayir, Yusuf (2004). The 1st of May 2003, Bingol, Turkey, Earthquake, A Study of the Performance of the Building Stock (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ Cline, Seth (May 1, 2013). "The Other Symbol of George W. Bush's Legacy" . U.S. News & World Report . Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ Bernstein, Richard (January 26, 2006). "For Stolen Saltcellar, A Cellphone Is Golden" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "EU welcomes Lithuania vote" . BBC . May 12, 2003. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ Zubair, Lareef (2004). "May 2003 Disaster in Sri Lanka and Cyclone 01-B in the Bay of Bengal" . Natural Hazards . 33 (3): 303–318. Bibcode :2004NatHa..33..303Z . doi :10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000048462.21938.d6 . ISSN 0921-030X . S2CID 128560863 . ^ "The Riyadh Compound Bombings: Ten Years, and Ten Lessons, Later" . May 12, 2013. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "Chechnya hit by new suicide attack" . BBC News . May 14, 2003. Archived from the original on March 14, 2006. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Menem withdraws from Argentina's presidential runoff" . Tampa Bay Times . May 15, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Bright, Martin; Harris, Paul; Bouzerda, Ali; Daly, Emma (May 18, 2003). "Horror in Casablanca as al-Qaeda toll hits 41" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Slovakia welcomes EU membership with thumping referendum results" . New Europe . May 25, 2003. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ Highfield, Roger (December 24, 2003). "Dewey the deer is latest clone" The Telegraph . Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "UK act hits Eurovision low" . BBC News BBC News . May 25, 2003. Archived from the original on August 26, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2013 .^ "Rwanda votes on constitution" . BBC News . May 26, 2003. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Bhattacharya, Shaoni (August 6, 2003). "World's first cloned horse is born" . New Scientist . Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "Mars Express En Route For The Red Planet" . ScienceDaily . June 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Poland says big Yes to EU" . BBC . June 9, 2003. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "Mauritania 'foils' coup attempt" . June 9, 2003. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ Green, Peter S. (June 15, 2003). "In Binding Ballot, Czechs Give Landslide Approval to 2004 Membership in European Union" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ Osborn, Kris (June 17, 2003). "Operation Desert Scorpion responds to attacks" . CNN . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Eu-Western Balkans Summit Thessaloniki" . European Commission. June 21, 2003. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 20, 2022 .^ Bamat, Joseph (November 15, 2011). "Timeline: Key dates in DR Congo's turbulent history" . France24 . Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ Stott, Peter A.; Stone, D. A.; Allen, M. R. (2004). "Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003" . Nature . 432 (7017): 610–614. Bibcode :2004Natur.432..610S . doi :10.1038/nature03089 . ISSN 1476-4687 . PMID 15577907 . S2CID 13882658 . Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 . ^ "Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning | American entrepreneurs | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Archived from the original on February 18, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2022 .^ McGrath, Robert N. (November 8, 2019). Capital Project Management, Volume I: Capital Project Strategy ISBN 978-1-949991-85-7 Archived from the original on April 29, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023 . ^ "Vancouver welcomes the world!" . olympics.com . Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022 .^ "Over 40 killed in Quetta mosque attack" . Al Jazeera . July 4, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Branswell, Helen (March 11, 2013). "SARS 2013: 10 Years Ago SARS Went Around The World, Where Is It Now?" . The Huffington Post . Archived from the original on January 16, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2016 . ^ "Передача и поиски разумных сигналов во Вселенной" [Transmission and search for intelligent signals in the universe] (PDF) . www.cplire.ru (in Russian). June 7, 2004. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2017 .^ Burress, Charles (June 17, 2004). "BERKELEY / Romancing the north / Berkeley explorer may have stepped on ancient Thule" . SFGATE . Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Oldest Known Planet Identified" . HubbleSite.org . July 10, 2003. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ Otterman, Sharon (February 2, 2005). "IRAQ: Iraq's Governing Council" . Council on Foreign Relations . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Who Exposed Secret Agent Plame?" . National Review . July 15, 2005. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011.^ Porto, João Gomes (2003). "Coup D'etat in São Tomé and Príncipe" . African Security Review . 12 (4): 33–35. doi :10.1080/10246029.2003.9627247 . ISSN 1024-6029 . S2CID 144601260 . Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 . ^ "First European Constitution Drafted" . Human and Constitutional Rights . July 18, 2003. Archived from the original on August 19, 2003. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Operation Helpem Fren: Rebuilding the Nation of Solomon Islands" . Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade . Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .^ "WHAT WENT BEFORE: Oakwood Mutiny and Trillanes' 2nd try to oust Arroyo" . Philippine Daily Inquirer . September 4, 2018. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ La, Lynn (August 1, 2018). "15 years later MySpace is still alive -- but it's nothing like it was before" . CNET . Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 . ^ Agencies (August 11, 2003). "Liberian president Taylor steps down" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Nato takes control of Afghanistan peace mission" . The Guardian . Associated Press. August 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ Minkel, J. R. "The 2003 Northeast Blackout--Five Years Later" . Scientific American . Archived from the original on November 24, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "In Memoriam: Baghdad, 19 August 2003" . United Nations . Archived from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Bennet, James (August 19, 2003). "Bombing Kills 18 and Hurts Scores More on Jerusalem Bus" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 . ^ "Spitzer Space Telescope" . nasa.gov . Archived from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "2003: Bombay rocked by twin car bombs" . BBC. August 25, 2003. Archived from the original on April 10, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2009 .^ "Mars Opposition in August 2003 - Windows to the Universe" . windows2universe.org . Archived from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "The Six-party Talks Kicked off" . china-un.org . Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2017 .^ "Najaf bombing kills Shiite leader, followers say" . CNN . August 30, 2003. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Interim government takes over Bissau" . September 28, 2003. Archived from the original on April 21, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ "Euroopa Liidu Infokeskus | Estonia's Accession to the EU" . nlib.ee . Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Ciudad Perpida Kidnappings and Modern History" . La Ciudad Perpida . Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Latvia in decisive 'yes' to EU" . CNN . September 20, 2003. Archived from the original on October 8, 2003. Retrieved November 3, 2016 .^ "The Hubble Space Telescope "Ultra Deep Field" View" . hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu . Archived from the original on May 29, 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ Malik, Tariq (November 12, 2004). "Europe's First Moon Probe to Enter Lunar Orbit" . Space.com . Archived from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Italy recovering from big blackout" . CNN . September 28, 2003. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 .^ "4chan founder 'moot' joins Google. But why?" . BBC Newsbeat . March 8, 2016. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019 .^ "Eyewitness: 'Dead children and babies' . BBC News . October 4, 2003. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Crean, Ellen (October 5, 2003). "Israel Strikes Base Inside Syria" . CBS News . Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Shenzhou-5 launch: long-cherished dream realized" . People . October 15, 2003. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ Lawless, Jill (October 24, 2003). "Final Concorde Flight Lands at Heathrow" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Up to 40 die in Baghdad attacks" . The Guardian . October 27, 2003. Archived from the original on August 27, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Perlez, Jane (November 1, 2003). "Mahathir, Malaysia's Autocratic Modernizer, Steps Down" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022 . ^ Burns, John F. (November 12, 2003). "At Least 26 Killed in a Bombing of an Italian Compound in Iraq" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Georgian Leader Resigns Amid Peaceful Opposition Standoff" . PBS Newshour . November 24, 2003. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Aerospace Bristol" . Aerospace Bristol . Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017 .^ Deffree, Suzanne (November 26, 2017). "Concorde makes its final flight, November 26, 2003" . EDN Network . Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018 . ^ "Death of another victim takes Russian train blast toll to 46" . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . December 22, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Martin is new Canadian PM" . Al Jazeera . December 12, 2003. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ Kreitner, Richard (December 13, 2015). "December 13, 2003: Saddam Hussein Is Captured" . The Nation . Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 . ^ "Libya: Nuclear Program Overview" . Nuclear Threat Initiative . Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ "Beagle-2 lander found on Mars" . www.esa.int . January 16, 2015. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022 .^ "Tourism takes its place at United Nations" . Kamloops This Week . February 8, 2004. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016 .^ Kahn, Joseph (December 26, 2003). "Gas Well Explosion and Fumes Kill 191 in China" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2017 . ^ "Endangered Sami Language Becomes Extinct" . National Geographic Society . November 20, 2014. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2018 .^ "Time Traveler by Merriam-Webster: Words from 2003" . merriam-webster.com . Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018 .
Authority control databases: National
