Adreno
Launched2009
Designed byQualcomm
Fabrication process4 to 90 nm
Specifications
Compute3681.2 GFLOPS (FP32)
Clock rate133 MHz to 950 MHz
Memory supportLPDDR, LPDDR2, LPDDR3, LPDDR4, LPDDR4X, and LPDDR5
Memory clock rate166.3 to 3200 MHz
PCIe supportNo
Supported Graphics APIs
DirectX11 and 12
Direct3D11 and 12
OpenCL1.1 to 2.0
OpenGL ES1.0 to 3.2
Vulkan1.0 to 1.3
Media Engine
Encode codecsH.264, H.265, VP9, and VP8
Decode codecsH.264, H.265, VP9, and VP8
Color bit-depthUp to 18 bit

Adreno is a series of graphics processing unit (GPU) semiconductor intellectual property cores developed by Qualcomm and used in many of their SoCs.

History

Adreno is an integrated graphics processing unit (GPU) within Qualcomm's Snapdragon applications processors, that was jointly developed by ATI Technologies in conjunction with Qualcomm's preexisting "QShader" GPU architecture, and coalesced into a single family of GPUs that rebranded as Adreno in 2008, just prior to AMD's mobile division being sold to Qualcomm in January of 2009 for $65M.[1][2] Apocryphal claims that Adreno was intentionally named by Qualcomm as anagram of ATI's unrelated Radeon family of desktop PC GPUs are false. Early Adreno models included the Adreno 100 and 110, which had 2D graphics acceleration and limited multimedia capabilities. Prior to 2008, 3D graphics on mobile platforms were commonly handled using software-based rendering engines, which limited their performance and consumed too much power to be used for anything other than rudimentary mobile graphics applications. With growing demand for more advanced multimedia and 3D graphics capabilities, Qualcomm licensed the Imageon IP from AMD, in order to add hardware-accelerated 3D capabilities to their mobile products.[3] Further collaboration with AMD resulted in the development of the Adreno 200, originally named the AMD Z430, based on the R400[4] architecture used in the Xenos GPU of the Xbox 360 video game console[5] and released in 2008, which was integrated into the first Snapdragon SoC. In January 2009, AMD sold their entire Imageon handheld device graphics division to Qualcomm.[6]

Technical details

Before Adreno

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Defender2 90 SDRAM 0.05

0.25

0.0004

0.007

1.0 MSM6550, MSM6550A,

MSM6800, MSM6150 MSM6175, MSM6280, MSM6275

[7][8]
Defender3 90 or 65 0.25 0.022 MSM6800A, MSM6575
Stargate 0.6 0.09 1.1 MSM6280A

Adreno 100 series

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 100 fixed function pipeline 1.0 [9]
Adreno 110 1.1 [9][10]
Adreno 120 1.1 [11][9]
Adreno 130 ? ? 90 or 65 ? 1.6

4[12]

?

0.133

?

0.3

?

1.2

?

2.4

— — Direct3D Mobile MSM7x00, MSM7x00A, MSM7x01, MSM7x01A [13][14][15][9]

Adreno 200 series - yamato / leia

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 200 (ATI Imageon Z430) Unified shader model
5-way VLIW[16] 		8

[2]

256 KB 65 133 LPDDR-333 Single-channel 32-bit @ 166.5 MHz (1.3 GB/s) 22.85 0.133 0.53 2.12 4.25 — 2.0 1.1 — 1.4 (freedreno driver) 11
(feature level 9_3)[17] 		Snapdragon S1 (MSM7227, MSM7627 QSD8250, QSD8650), Freescale i.MX51, i.MX53
Adreno 200 'enhanced' 45 200 245 LPDDR-400 Single-channel 32-bit @ 200 MHz (1.6 GB/s) 42 0.200 0.245 0.80 0.98 3.20
3.92 		6.40
7.84 		Snapdragon S1 (MSM7227A, MSM7627A, MSM7225A, MSM7625A)
Adreno 203 16

[4]

245 294 LPDDR2-600 Single-channel 32-bit @ 300 MHz (2.4 GB/s) 40.8 49.0 0.245 0.294 1.96 2.35 7.84
9.40 		15.6
18.8 		Snapdragon S4 Play (MSM8225, MSM8625), Snapdragon 200 (MSM8225Q, MSM8625Q)
Adreno 205 245 266 LPDDR2-666 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 333 MHz (5.3 GB/s) 40.8 44.3 0.245 0.266 1.96 2.12 7.84
8.51 		15.6
17.0 		Snapdragon S2 (MSM7x30, MSM8x55, APQ8055)
Adreno 2xx series - leia
Adreno 220 Unified shader model
5-way VLIW[16] 		32

[8]

512 KB 45 266 LPDDR2-666 Single-channel 32-bit @ 333 MHz (2.6 GB/s) 88.7 0.532 4.25 17.0 34.0 — 2.0 1.1 — 1.4 (freedreno driver) 11
(feature level 9_3)[17] 		Snapdragon S3 (APQ8060, MSM8x60)
Adreno 225 28 200 300 400 LPDDR2-1000 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 500 MHz (8.0 GB/s) 133.3 0.8 3.20 4.80 6.40 12.8
19.2
25.6 		25.6
38.4
51.2 		Snapdragon S4 Plus (APQ8060A, MSM8x60A, MSM8960) [18]

Adreno 300 series - oxili

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 304 Unified shader model
Scalar instruction set[19] 		24

[24]

96 KB 28 400 LPDDR2/3-768/1066 Single-channel 32-bit @ 384-533  MHz (3.0-4.2 GB/s) 4.80 19.2 38.4 — 3.0[17] (freedreno driver: 3.0, 3.1 incomplete, 3.2 partial) 1.1 1.1 embedded profile 3.1 (freedreno driver, 3.2 incomplete, 3.3 complete) 11
(feature level 9_3)[17] 		Snapdragon 208, Snapdragon 210, Snapdragon 212
Adreno 305 (1st Gen.) 256 KB 400 450 LPDDR2-800 Single-channel 32-bit @ 400 MHz (3.2 GB/s) 66.7 75 0.8 4.80 5.40 19.2
21.6 		38.4
43.2 		Snapdragon S4 Plus (MSM8x27)
Adreno 305 (2nd Gen.) 128 KB LPDDR2/3-1066 Single-channel 32-bit 533 MHz (4.2 GB/s) 66.7 75 0.8 Snapdragon 200 (MSM8210, MSM8610, MSM8212, MSM8612)
Snapdragon 400[20] (MSM8x26, MSM8x28, MSM8x30, MSM8x30AB, APQ8026, APQ8030) 		[21]
[22]
Adreno 306 400 LPDDR2/3-1066 Single-channel 32-bit @ 533 MHz (4.2 GB/s) 84.3 0.8 4.80 19.2 38.4 Snapdragon 410 (MSM8916), Snapdragon 412 (MSM8916v2) [23]
Adreno 308 500 LPDDR3-1333 Single-channel 32-bit @ 666.5 MHz (5.3 GB/s) 105.4 1.0 6.00 24.0 48.0 Snapdragon 425 (MSM8917) Snapdragon 427 (MSM8920)
Adreno 320 (1st Gen.) 64

[64]

512 KB[23] 400 LPDDR2-1066 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 533 MHz (8.5 GB/s) 225 1.6 3.2 12.8 51.2 102.4 Snapdragon S4 Pro (MSM8960T, APQ8064, APQ8064-1AA), Snapdragon S4 Prime (MPQ8064) [24]
Adreno 320 (2nd Gen.) 96

[96]

400 450 LPDDR3-1200 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 600 MHz (9.6 GB/s) 225 253.1 2.4 2.7 >3.2 19.2 21.6 76.8
86.4 		153.6 172.8 Snapdragon 600 (APQ8064T, APQ8064AB) [24]
Adreno 330 128

[128]

1024 KB 450 550 578 LPDDR3-1600 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 800 MHz (12.8 GB/s) 253.1
309.4
325.1 		3.6 4.4 4.624 28.8 35.2 36.9 115.2
140.8
147.9 		230.4 281.6 295.9 Snapdragon 800 (MSM8974, APQ8074), Snapdragon 801 (MSM8274AB, MSM8974AB, MSM8974AC) [25]

Adreno 400 series

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 4xx series
Adreno 405 Unified shader model 48

[48]

256 KB 28 550 LPDDR3-1333/1866 Single-channel 32-bit @ 666.5-933 MHz (5.3-7.4 GB/s) 13.2 52.8 105.6 — 3.2 (freedreno driver: 3.0, 3.1 incomplete, 3.2 partial) 1.1 1.2 full profile 3.1 (freedreno driver, 3.2 incomplete, 3.3 complete) 11
(feature level 11_1)[17] 		Snapdragon 415 (MSM8929), Snapdragon 610 (MSM8936),

Snapdragon 615 (MSM8939), Snapdragon 616 (MSM8939v2), Snapdragon 617 (MSM8952)

Adreno 418 128

[128]

512 KB 20 600 LPDDR3-1866 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 933 MHz (14.9 GB/s) 38.4 153.6 307.2 1.0[26] Snapdragon 808 (MSM8992)
Adreno 420 1536 KB 28 500 600 LPDDR3-1600 Dual-channel 64-bit (128-bit) @ 800 MHz (25.6 GB/s) 281.3 337.5

(0.56[27] Tr/clock)

4

4.8

(8.2 Px/clock)

32.0 38.4 128.0
153.6 		256.0 307.2 Snapdragon 805 (APQ8084) [28]
Adreno 430 256

[256]

20 500 600 650 LPDDR4-3200 Dual-channel 32-bit (64-bit) @ 1600 MHz (25.6 GB/s) 404 4.8 6.0 6.6 64.0 76.8 83.2 256.0
307.2
332.8 		512.0 614.4 665.6 Snapdragon 810 (APQ8094, MSM8994)

Adreno 500 series

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 5xx series
Adreno 504 Unified shader model + Unified memory ? ? 12 ? LPDDR3-1600 Single-channel 32-bit @ 800 MHz (6.4 GB/s) ? ? ? ? 1.0[26] 3.2[29] (freedreno driver: 3.1, 3.2 partial) ? 2.0 Full 3.1 (freedreno driver, 3.2 incomplete, 3.3 complete) 11
(feature level 11_1)[17] 		Snapdragon 429
Adreno 505 48

[48]

128 + 8 KB 28 450 ? 10.8 43.2 86.4 Snapdragon 430 (MSM8937), Snapdragon 435, Snapdragon 439
Adreno 506 96

[96]

14 600 650 LPDDR3-1866 Single-channel 32-bit @ 933 MHz (7.4 GB/s) ? ? ? 28.8 31.2 115.2
124.8 		230.4 249.6 Snapdragon 450, Snapdragon 625, Snapdragon 626, Snapdragon 632
Adreno 508 128

[128]

650 LPDDR4-2666 Dual‑channel 16‑bit (32-bit) @ 1333 MHz (10.6 GB/s) ? ? ? 41.6 166.4 332.8 Snapdragon 630
Adreno 509 256 + 16 KB 720 LPDDR4-2666 Dual‑channel 32‑bit (64-bit) @ 1333 MHz (21.3 GB/s) ? ? ? 46.0 184.3 368.6 Snapdragon 636
Adreno 510 28 600 LPDDR3-1866 Dual‑channel 32‑bit (64-bit) @ 933 MHz (14.9 GB/s) ? ? ? 38.4 153.6 307.2 3.2 (3.1 + AEP) (freedreno driver: 3.1, 3.2 partial) Snapdragon 650 (MSM8956), Snapdragon 652 (MSM8976),

Snapdragon 653 (MSM8976PRO)

Adreno 512 14 650

850

LPDDR4-3732 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 1866 MHz (29.8 GB/s) ? ? ? 41.6

54.4

166.4

217.6

332.8

435.2

Snapdragon 660 (MSM8976 Plus)
Adreno 530 256

[256]

1024 KB 510 624 653 ? 6.7

8.1

7.7

8.1

65.2 79.8 83.5 261.1
319.4
334.3 		522.2 638.9 668.6 12
(feature level 11_1) 		Snapdragon 820 (MSM8996),

Snapdragon 821 (MSM8996PRO)

Adreno 540 384

[384]

10 710 739 >450 ? 11.36 (16 Texel/clock)[30][31] 136.3 141.8 545.2
567.5 		1090.5 1135.1 Snapdragon 835 (MSM8998)

Adreno 600 series

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 6xx series
Adreno 605 Unified shader model +

Unified memory

128+8 KB 14 1.0 and 1.1[32][26] 3.2 2.0 Full WIP (freedreno driver) 12
(feature level 12_1)[17]
Adreno 608 10 LPDDR4X-4266 Dual-channel 16-bit (32-bit) @ 2133 MHz (17.0 GB/s) Snapdragon SA6155P [33]
Adreno 610 128 [128] ? 11 600 750 950 38.4 48.0 60.8 153.6 192.0 243.2 307.2 384.0 486.4 Snapdragon 460
Snapdragon 662
Snapdragon 665

QCS4290

[34][35]
6 Snapdragon 680
Snapdragon 685
Adreno 612 192
[96] 		256+16 KB 11 745 845 LPDDR4X-3732 Dual‑channel 16‑bit (32-bit) @ 1866 MHz (14.9 GB/s) 71.5 81.1 286.0 324.4 572.1 648.9 Snapdragon 675
Snapdragon 678
Adreno 615 256

[128]

512 KB 10 700 780 89.6 99.8 358.4 399.3 716.8 798.7 QCS603

QCS605

Snapdragon 670

[36][37]
Adreno 616 750 96.0 384.0 768.0 Snapdragon 710
Snapdragon 712
Adreno 618 8 700

825

[38]

89.6 105.6 358.4 422.4 716.8 844.8 Snapdragon 720G
Snapdragon 730
Snapdragon 730G
Snapdragon 732G
Snapdragon 7c

Snapdragon 7c Gen 2

[39]
Adreno 619L 950 LPDDR4X-4266 Dual-channel 16-bit (32-bit) @ 2133 MHz (17.0 GB/s) 121.6 486.4 972.8 Snapdragon 690
Adreno 619 825 950 105.6 121.6 422.4 486.4 844.8 972.8 Snapdragon 480/480+
Snapdragon 750G 		[40]
6 Snapdragon 4 Gen 1
Snapdragon 695
Adreno 620 384

[192]

7 625
750 		6.7/8.1 120.0 144.0 480.0 576.0 960.0 1152.0 Snapdragon 765
Snapdragon 765G
Snapdragon 768G
Adreno 630 512

[256]

1024 KB 10 710 LPDDR4X-4266 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 1866 MHz (29.8 GB/s) ? ? 15.4 181.7 727.0 1454.0 Snapdragon 845
Snapdragon 850 		[41][42][43][44]
Adreno 640 768

[384]

12*2[45] 7 585
675 		LPDDR4X-4266 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 2133 MHz (34.1 GB/s) ? 9.4 28.1 224.6 259.2 898.5 1036.8
[38]
 1797.1 2073.6
[46] 		Snapdragon 855/855+
Snapdragon 860

Snapdragon 855A (SA8155P)

[47][41]
Adreno 642L 384 [192] 6 490 550 LPDDR4X-4266 Dual-channel 16-bit (32-bit) @ 2133 MHz (17.0 GB/s) 188.2 211.2 752.6 844.8 1505.2 1689.6 Snapdragon 778G/778G+
Snapdragon 782G
Adreno 642 5 188.2 211.2 752.6 844.8 1505.2 1689.6 Snapdragon 780G
Adreno 643L 768 [384] 6 812 LPDDR4X-4266 or LPDDR5-6400 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 2133 MHz or 3200 MHz (34.1 GB/s or 44.0GB/s) 311.8 1247.2 2494.4 QCS6490
Adreno 650 1024

[512]

[48]

? and 300 Go/s[48] 24*2[45] 7 587 670 LPDDR4X-4266 or LPDDR5-6400 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 2133 MHz or 3200 MHz (34.1 GB/s or 44.0GB/s) 14.x (est.)[45] 28.1 (est.)[45] 300.5 343.0 1202.1 1372.1
[38][45][49]
[50] 		2404.3 2744.3 Snapdragon 865/865+
Snapdragon 870

QCS8250

[41][51]
Adreno 660 5 792 905 LPDDR5-6400 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 3200 MHz (51.2 GB/s) 405.5 463.3 1622.0 1853.4
[52] 		3244.0 3706.8 Snapdragon 888/888+
Adreno 675 1344 [672] ? 7 590 LPDDR4X-4266 Quad-channel 16-bit (64-bit) @ 2133 MHz (34.1 GB/s) 396.4 1585.9 3171.8 Snapdragon 8c [53]
Adreno 680 1536

[768]

? 600 LPDDR4X-4266 Octa-channel 16-bit (128-bit) @ 2133 MHz (68.2 GB/s) 460.8 1843.2
[54] 		3686.4 [55] Snapdragon 8cx Gen 1/2

Snapdragon SA8195P

[55][56]
Adreno 685 ? 250 590 192.0 453.1 768.0 1812.4 1536.0 3624.9 Microsoft SQ1 [57][58]
Adreno 690[59] 661 680 507.6 522.2 2030.5 2088.9 4061.1 4177.9 Microsoft SQ2 [60]

Adreno 700 series

Name Microarchitecture Fab (nm) Clock [MHz] Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version) Qualcomm SoC References
Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D
Adreno 702 Unified shader model +

Unified memory

768 [384] 845 LPDDR3-1866 Single-channel 32-bit @ 933 MHz (7.4 GB/s) or

LPDDR4X-3732 Dual‑channel 16‑bit (32-bit) @ 1866 MHz (14.9 GB/s)

324.4 1297.9 2595.8 1.1 3.1 1.1 2.0 12 QCS2290
Adreno 725 1536 [768] 1024 KB 4 580 LPDDR4X-3732 Dual‑channel 16‑bit (32-bit) @ 1866 MHz (14.9 GB/s) or

LPDDR5-3200 Single-channel 128-bit @ 933 MHz (64 GB/s)

1826 21.55 445.4 1781.7 3563.5 Snapdragon 7+ Gen 2
Adreno 730 4 818
900 		LPDDR4X-3732 Dual‑channel 16‑bit (32-bit) @ 1866 MHz (14.9 GB/s) or

LPDDR5-3200 Single-channel 128-bit @ 933 MHz (64 GB/s)

1,864 22.0

24.0

628.2 691.2 2512.8
2764.8 		5025.7 5529.6 1.1 3.2 1.2 Snapdragon 8/8+ Gen 1 [61]
Adreno 740 2560

[1280]

4 680

719

LPDDR5-3200 Single-channel 128-bit @ 933 MHz (64 GB/s) 2024[62] 30.6 870.4

920.3

3481.6

3681.2

6963.2

7362.5

1.3 3.2 1.2 Snapdragon 8 Gen 2
Name Type ALUs
(SIMDs, FP32) [note 1] 		On-chip graphics memory TMU Fab (nm) Clock

[MHz]

Memory bandwidth Triangle

[MT/s]

Pixel

[GP/s]

Texture

[GT/s]

(FP64) (FP32) (FP16) Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenVG OpenCL OpenGL Direct3D Used in Qualcomm... References
Microarchitecture Memory technology Fillrate GFLOPS API (version)
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Adreno ALU = ALU x MP amount

Operating system support

See also: Free and open-source graphics device driver § Qualcomm

There are proprietary drivers for the Linux-based mobile operating system Android available from Qualcomm themselves.[citation needed] Historically the only way to have GPU support on non-Android Linux was with the libhybris wrapper.

Linux and Mesa supports the Adreno 200/300/400/500 series of GPUs with a driver called freedreno. Freedreno allows fully open-source graphics on devices like the 96Boards Dragonboard 410c and Nexus 7 (2013).

Qualcomm also provides Adreno drivers for ARM64 versions of Microsoft Windows.

See also

References

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  2. ^ Sag, Anshel. "Qualcomm's Mobile GPU Innovations Power The Future Of Gaming". Forbes. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  3. ^ "AMD Licenses 3D Graphics Core Technology to QUALCOMM, Delivering The Ultimate Visual Experience to Tomorrow's Phones". 14 March 2009. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Ex. 2050 - R400 Document Library FH - folder_history (PROTECTIVE ORDER) — IPR2015-00325 - LG Electronics, Inc. v. ATI Technologies ULC". Unified Patents. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  5. ^ "AMD Receives Next-Generation OpenGL ES 2.0 Graphics Technology Certification". TechPowerUp. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  6. ^ Ferguson, Scott (20 January 2009). "AMD Sells Handset Division to Qualcomm for $65 million". eWeek. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  7. ^ "www.tripleoxygen.net 3D Graphics and SpeqG Update" (PDF).((cite web)): CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Datasheet" (PDF). octopart.com. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d tripleoxygen. "tripleoxygen" (PDF).((cite web)): CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "www.tripleoxygen.net" (PDF).((cite web)): CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ "Qualcomm History and its GPU (R)evolution". PC Perspective. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Embedded 3D API And ChipSet" (PDF). grmanet.sogang.ac.kr. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Qualcomm MSM7201A Application Processor with Modem Datasheet | CPUlist". PDAdb.net. 25 February 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  14. ^ Qualcomm MSM7201A. "Qualcomm MSM7201A Specs, Reviews, Ratings". System-on-a-chip.specout.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  15. ^ "3D Gaming Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  16. ^ a b "The Freedreno driver" (PDF). Rob Clark @ FOSDEM2013.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g "Adreno GPU SDK - GPU - Qualcomm Developer Network". Developer.qualcomm.com. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  18. ^ "Mobile GPUs : Architectures". Bastian Zuehlke. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  19. ^ freedreno (6 January 2015). "A3xx shader instruction set architecture · freedreno/freedreno Wiki · GitHub". Github.com. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  20. ^ Snapdragon 400 processor specs at qualcomm.com
  21. ^ "Expands Qualcomm Snapdragon 200 Processor Tier". Qualcomm. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  22. ^ "Qualcomm Rolls-Out High-End Quad-Core Snapdragon S4 System-on-Chips". X-bit labs. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  23. ^ a b "Qualcomm Snapdragon embedded platforms HW and SW Overview" (PDF). explace. 2016.
  24. ^ a b c Shimpi, Brian Klug, Anand Lal. "Qualcomm's Quad-Core Snapdragon S4 (APQ8064/Adreno 320) Performance Preview". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.((cite web)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Mikael Bourges-Sevenier (29 March 2014). "Imaging on embedded GPUs". ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  26. ^ a b c "Qualcomm Announces Vulkan API Support on the Adreno 530 GPU | Qualcomm". www.qualcomm.com. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  27. ^ "High Quality with High Performance UE4 Mobile Game - CSDN博客". blog.csdn.net (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 12 June 2018.
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