This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (January 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,221 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Architecture carolingienne]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|fr|Architecture carolingienne)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (January 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,145 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Arquitectura carolingia]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|es|Arquitectura carolingia)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The Palatine Chapel (Octagon) in Aachen, now the central part of the cathedral

Lorsch monastery gatehouse

Carolingian architecture is the style of north European Pre-Romanesque architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries, when the Carolingian dynasty dominated west European politics. It was a conscious attempt to emulate Roman architecture and to that end it borrowed heavily from Early Christian and Byzantine architecture, though there are nonetheless innovations of its own, resulting in a unique character.

The gatehouse of the monastery at Lorsch, built around 800, exemplifies classical inspiration for Carolingian architecture, built as a triple-arched hall dominating the gateway, with the arched facade interspersed with attached classical columns and pilasters above.

The Palatine Chapel in Aachen constructed between 792–805 was inspired by the octagonal Justinian church of San Vitale in Ravenna, built in the 6th century, but at Aachen there is a tall monumental western entrance complex, as a whole called a westwork—a Carolingian innovation.

Carolingian churches generally are basilican, like the Early Christian churches of Rome, and commonly incorporated westworks, which is arguably the precedent for the western facades of later medieval cathedrals. An original westwork survives today at the Abbey of Corvey, built in 885.

Carolingian architecture

The Carolingian Renaissance generated such a construction boom that between 768 and 855, 27 new cathedrals, 417 monastic buildings and 100 royal residences were built. Just during Charlemagne's reign, 16 cathedrals, 232 monasteries and 65 palaces were built. The kings were not only responsible for the construction sites but they also provided the architects and the funding. The rediscovery of the architecture treatises written by Vitruvius enabled the building in stone, a material little used until then North of the Loire Valley. During their travels to Italy, the Carolingians discovered the Roman basilicas, the triumphal arches and the palatine chapels. The architects did not simply copy the Roman forms but rather adapted their plans to serve the needs of the royal and religious ceremonies. Most of the architectural elements invented at the beginning of the Carolingian period were refined over decades and successively adapted to eventually lead to the Romanesque architecture of the 11th century.

The first period of the Carolingian architecture, during the reign of Pepin the Short and the beginning of Charlemagne's reign, was driven by powerful ecclesiastic figures such as bishop Chrodegang of Metz, Fulrad, abbot of Saint-Denis, and Manassès, abbot of Flavigny Abbey.

Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome

The pope wanted to reorganise and standardise the Catholic Church with the help of Charlemagne. Bishop Chrodegang introduced the Roman liturgical services which resulted in important changes in the architecture. The orientation of the churches was defined so that the altar would be located at the eastern end while the entrance would be at the western end. The St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the early Christian art and architecture became the main references for the Carolingian designers.

During the years 780–790, the creation of the Lorsch Abbey, the expansion of the Princely Abbey of Corvey, and the foundation of the abbeys of Saint-Riquier and Fulda announced a new significance. The Palace of Aachen with its chapel was the jewel and the culmination of this period.

Towards the end of Charlemange's reign the architecture projects multiplied, some very ambitious, as well as the integration of the liturgical services and the codification of the monastic architecture. The Plan of Saint Gall, with its extensive and detailed instructions, is an important example of how the architectural elements of a Christian monastery were defined during this period to establish a classic style.

The decline of the Carolingians started during the 10th century and culminated in 1000–1020, when the Carolingian institutions collapsed in France while in Germany the new Ottonian dynasty developed the Ottonian architecture, which borrowed numerous elements from the Carolingian architecture.^[1] A fine example of this is the Eglise Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul d'Ottmarsheim in Alsace, founded around 1030.^[2]^{[circular reference]}