The first console title, Castlevania, was released on the Famicom Disk System in 1986 and in North America in 1987 on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).[8] A 2D sidescrolling action game where the player progresses through six stages, many principal features of the Castlevania series originated with it.[16] It has been ported to many platforms, such as the NES Classic Edition.[17] Also released in 1986 was Vampire Killer for the MSX home computer, which played significantly differently from the original Castlevania, where players had to search for the exit before they could proceed to the next stage.[18] Following that year, in 1987, Castlevania II: Simon's Quest further departed from the standard platforming genre of the first Castlevania for a game more similar to the nonlinear gameplay of Metroid, with several role-playing elements such as a world map which the player is free to explore and revisit.[19][20]
In 2021, rumours began circulating that, following internal restructuring at Konami to refocus on PC and console games, a new main entry in the series was in development.[32][33]
Spin-offs
Castlevania has spawned numerous spin-offs, the first being the 1990 platformer, Kid Dracula for the Famicom, a parody which stars the eponymous character.[34] It was released for the first time in English for the Castlevania Anniversary Collection (2019).[27] The game received a sequel for the Game Boy, also titled Kid Dracula.[6]
Arcade and slot machines based on the series have been produced. Castlevania: The Arcade (2009), a light gun shooter utilizing an LED remote, has been released in Japan and Europe.[37] The Japanese-exclusive Pachislot Akumajō Dracula series is a line of pachislot titles released between 2009 and 2017.[38] The first three are based on the video game Dracula's Curse, while a fourth game based on the Lords of Shadow reboot, Pachislot Akumajō Dracula: Lords of Shadow, was made available in 2017.[39]
Castlevania, released for the NES in 1986 is a platform game in which the player takes the role of Simon Belmont, a descendant of the Belmont clan, a family of vampire hunters. He travels to Dracula's castle, Castlevania, and fights his way through the castle annihilating Dracula himself and the castle. Belmont's main weapon is a whip called the Vampire Killer, while the secondary weapons include throwing daggers, bottles of holy water that act as small fire bombs, throwing axes that arc overhead, a watch that stops time, and a cross that acts like a boomerang. These are powered by hearts which are collected by destroying candles and killing monsters. Hidden items such as power-ups and food (health replenishment) items are found by attacking walls within the levels, a feature inspired by Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. with hidden items across the game's levels.
Screenshot of Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin, which features Metroidvania gameplay. In the top screen is the map, which records the player's progress as they explore the castle.
Vampire Killer, released in 1986 for the MSX 2 computer and developed alongside the original Castlevania (the two share the same title in Japanese), departs from the more straightforward platforming gameplay of Castlevania, instead introducing an open-ended, exploration-heavy form of gameplay. Castlevania II: Simon's Quest featured nonlinear gameplay even more open-ended than that of Vampire Killer, with several exclusive elements such as a world map the player was free to explore and revisit. The player could also purchase supplies, equipment and weapon upgrades in several different towns, making it more like an action role-playing game. It introduced a persistent world with a day-night cycle which altered gameplay, and offered three possible endings depending on the time it took to complete the game. Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse for the NES has more in common with the original NES Castlevania and added features, including nonlinear elements such as alternate branching paths with different stages and alternate endings depending on the player's choices, as well as multiple player characters.
A turning point in the gameplay mechanics of the series was Castlevania: Symphony of the Night. Expanding on the open-ended style of gameplay previously used in Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, Symphony of the Night's style of gameplay has been termed "Metroidvania" due to its similarities with the nonlinear and exploration-focused side-scrolling games of the Metroid series. It used role-playing elements, such as collectible weapons, armor and hidden orbs. Many subsequent Castlevania games have since followed this template.
Castlevania mainly takes place in the castle of Count Dracula,[7] who resurrects every hundred years to take over the world.[55] With the exception of some games, the players assume the role of the Belmonts, a clan of vampire hunters who have defeated Dracula for centuries with the Vampire Killer.[24] The Vampire Killer is a legendary whip that is passed down to their successors and can only be used by them.[24] In Castlevania: Bloodlines, the whip has been inherited by John Morris, the son of Quincey Morris, who is a distant descendant of the Belmonts.[53] Other recurring characters throughout the series include the dhampir Alucard, who sides with Trevor Belmont against his father Dracula in Dracula's Curse.[56] Trevor is joined by Sypha Belnades, a vampire hunter who fights using magic and marries Trevor by the end of the game.[57] Descendants of the Belnades clan, such as Carrie Fernandez[58] and Yoko Belnades, would make appearances as playable characters in later titles.[59]
Castlevania: Lords of Shadow is a reboot of the franchise, with its first game set in Southern Europe during the Middle Ages.[60] The main character, Gabriel Belmont, is a member of the Brotherhood of Light, an elite group of holy knights who defend people from supernatural creatures.[61] With a retractable chain whip called the Combat Cross, Gabriel fights a malevolent force known as the Lords of Shadow in order to obtain the God Mask, which he believes can bring back his deceased wife.[11] In Castlevania: Lords of Shadow - Mirror of Fate, Gabriel stars as Dracula, the main antagonist of Simon and Trevor Belmont.[62] The sequel, Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2 is set during modern times, where Dracula is looking for a way to put an end to his immortality.[63]
In 2002, the games Legends, Circle of the Moon, Castlevania (1999), and Legacy of Darkness were retconned from the official chronology by Koji Igarashi, a move which had been met with some criticism by fans.[64] Igarashi noted that Legends conflicted with the plotline of the series, and that the reason for Circle of the Moon's removal was not due to his non-involvement with the game, but instead the intention of the game's development team for Circle of the Moon to be a stand-alone title.[65] The American 20th Anniversary Pre-order Bundle for Portrait of Ruin in 2006 featured a poster with a timeline that re-included the games other than Legends.[42] In 2007, Konami still excluded them from the canon on the official Japanese website.[41] Igarashi has said that he considered the titles a "subseries".[66]
Development
Being aware of the horror movies from long ago (long before the slasher flicks), I wanted the players to feel like they were in a classic horror movie.
Castlevania was directed and programmed by Hitoshi Akamatsu for the Family Computer Disk System in 1986.[67][1] The game's staff roll features names taken from horror film icons, with Akamatsu being credited as 'Trans Fishers', a reference to film director Terence Fisher.[68] This is possibly because Konami did not allow the use of real names at the time in order to prevent other companies from hiring people who worked for them.[68][69] An admirer of cinema, Akamatsu approached projects with a "film director's eye", and said the visuals and music for Castlevania were "made by people who consciously wanted to do something cinematic."[1] The protagonist Simon Belmont uses a whip because Akamatsu liked the mechanics of a weapon able to repel enemies, and also because Akamatsu was a fan of Raiders of the Lost Ark.[1] After the success of Castlevania, it was released in cartridge format for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) as one of its first major platform games.[6] The international title Castlevania was the result of Konami of America senior vice president Emil Heidkamp's discomfort with Akumajō Dracula, which he believed translated as "Dracula Satanic Castle".[70] Because of Nintendo of America's censorship policies at the time, most instances of blood, nudity and religious imagery were removed or edited in early Castlevania games.[71][72]
Akamatsu directed Castlevania II: Simon's Quest in 1987, which adopted gameplay similar to Nintendo's Metroid. When asked if Metroid had any inspiration, Akamatsu instead cited Maze of Galious, another Konami title which featured exploration and puzzle solving.[1] His last game in the series, Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse (1989), returned to the standard platforming genre of Castlevania.[6] Since Konami's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles games sold many copies, their development was prioritized above other titles, leading the developers for Dracula's Curse to make a game that would outdo them.[1]Simon's Quest and Dracula's Curse were not a commercial success, and Akamatsu was demoted to working in one of Konami's game centers before he chose to resign.[1]
In 1993, three Castlevania games were in parallel development, which included Akumajō Dracula, Rondo of Blood, and Bloodlines.[73] Directed and produced by Toru Hagihara,[73]Rondo of the Blood was the first installment made for a CD-ROM and the first to be fully voiced.[24] Hagihara would go on to direct a sequel, Symphony of the Night (1997) for the PlayStation, with Koji Igarashi joining him as the assistant director and story writer.[74] Joining the staff was artist Ayami Kojima, who was hired to introduce a new look for Castlevania. She would be the character designer for several future Castlevania titles.[75] Igarashi said it began development as "something of a side story series". From the outset, the game was supposed to take the franchise in a new direction.[66] The gameplay took a departure from the original platforming entries, instead adopting nonlinear exploration and role-playing game elements, which were last seen in Simon's Quest. The critical reaction to Simon's Quest and its gameplay allowed them to pitch Symphony of the Night to Konami.[9] Igarashi was eventually asked to finish the game as the assistant director after Hagihara was promoted to head of the division.[76] On release, Symphony of the Night was well-received and became a sleeper hit, but its commercial performance was mediocre, particularly in the United States where it was meagerly publicized.[25]
The first Castlevania game to feature 3D computer graphics began development in 1997 on the Nintendo 64 by Konami Computer Entertainment Kobe (KCEK) as Dracula 3D.[77] Like most of its predecessors, it was an action-adventure and platforming game. It was eventually released as Castlevania in 1999 and received an expanded version titled Castlevania: Legacy of Darkness during the same year.[25] KCEK's last Castlevania game was the acclaimed Circle of the Moon,[78] released as a launch title for the Game Boy Advance in 2001.[79]Circle of the Moon was the first entry to feature Metroidvania gameplay since Symphony of the Night.[25] Igarashi, who was not involved with the game, was critical of Circle of the Moon.[80] In 2002, he retconned Castlevania Legends (1997) and the games developed by KCEK from the series' chronology due to story conflicts, which was met with some resistance from fans.[81] After KCEK was dissolved during 2002, the Game Boy Advance received a second installment, Castlevania: Harmony of Dissonance, now produced by Igarashi and developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo (KCET).[82] Starting with Harmony of Dissonance, the Japanese games adopted Castlevania as the title for a brief period. According to Igarashi, the developers did this since Count Dracula is not always the main antagonist.[83] This continued with Castlevania: Lament of Innocence (2003), a 3D title developed as a new starting point for the series.[84] Konami eventually returned to the title Akumajō Dracula with the Japanese release of 2005's Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow for the Nintendo DS. Dawn of Sorrow and Portrait of Ruin (2006) introduced a new art style in hopes of broadening the player demographic and preventing younger Nintendo DS owners from being put off by Ayami Kojima's art. This discontinued with Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia in 2008.[85]
Due to concern over the poor sales of the recent Castlevania games,[86] a number of prototypes in development competed to become the next Castlevania installment, which included a game by Igarashi announced at Tokyo Game Show 2008 and Castlevania: Lords of Shadow by Spanish studio MercurySteam.[87] Konami told MercurySteam the game would be an original intellectual property (IP) when it was first greenlit as a Castlevania title.[88] Konami eventually asked them to cease work on Lords of Shadow while it was still in its early stages, until producer David Cox showed the Japanese senior management the game and was offered help by video game designer Hideo Kojima.[89] According to Igarashi, development on his project had not been going smoothly, and Konami had canceled it and chose Lords of Shadow as the pitch for the next Castlevania entry.[87] Produced by Dave Cox and Hideo Kojima, Lords of Shadow was a multi-platform 3D action-adventure reboot of the series.[90] Kojima offered his input on the project and also oversaw the game's localization in Japan.[91] It was the first Castlevania to feature celebrity voice talent, starring Robert Carlyle in the lead role and Patrick Stewart.[92] The art style departed from the previous games in favor of one inspired by Guillermo del Toro's work.[93][94]Lords of Shadow was met with positive reception in 2010 and a commercial success, becoming the best selling Castlevania game to date.[95] It was followed by two sequels, Mirror of Fate (2013) and Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2 (2014). Lords of Shadow 2 was not as well received as its predecessor.[96] Following its release, an anonymous source claiming to be employees from MercurySteam alleged that development on the game had been troubled.[97]
After having been moved to Konami's social division in 2011, Igarashi felt he was unable to release any new games when Konami shifted its focus towards mobile game development.[98] He left in March 2014 to independently create Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night, a spiritual successor to Castlevania.[99] Dave Cox followed Igarashi's resignation a few months later.[100] Recent Castlevania titles released under Konami's recent business model include pachinko and slot machines based on the IP.[101][38]
Audio
Castlevania's music features a wide range of compositions, with themes reused throughout the series. It has been critically acclaimed[102][103] and released on many albums, initially under the King Records label.[104] In addition to original soundtracks, it has also inspired remix albums, which include orchestra, rap and heavy metal arrangements.[104] In 2010, Castlevania – The Concert was performed in Stockholm, Sweden by longtime Castlevania composer, Michiru Yamane, and the Stockholm Youth Symphonic Orchestra.[105]
The music for the first installment, Castlevania, was composed by Kinuyo Yamashita and Satoe Terashima.[106][107] The game's staff roll featured pseudonyms, with Yamashita credited as James Banana.[108] Yamashita said she did not know anything about video games at the time and composed for Castlevania shortly after graduating from college. Under strict hardware constraints,[109] she would first write the scores before entering it as data into a computer.[110] The hardware for the first 16-bit title, Super Castlevania IV, allowed for a more atomspheric environment in the game, and was composed by Masanori Adachi and Taro Kudo.[69]
Known primarily for her work on the Castlevania series, Michiru Yamane first composed music for the Sega Genesis game, Castlevania Bloodlines. Yamane was under pressure at the time because the series was already popular and known for its music.[102] She felt there was a link with the game's vampiric themes and the classical music she had grown up with, having studied Johann Sebastian Bach in university, and worked to integrate her style with the rock themes of the previous games.[111] Since Castlevania: Symphony of the Night, Yamane became involved with the development of the series with its former producer, Koji Igarashi.[112]Symphony of the Night's art director, Osamu Kasai, requested Yamane to join the team,[111] and she would draw inspiration from Ayami Kojima's concept artwork.[112] Unlike the FM synthesis that Bloodlines used, Yamane felt she had more freedom with Symphony of the Night as it was produced for a CD-ROM, which made it capable of much higher quality music and sound.[111] She continued to compose for the series, including the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS games, which had note limitations like older home consoles, and also collaborated with other composers such as Yuzo Koshiro.[111] Before becoming a freelance composer, the last Castlevania game she scored was Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia in 2008, which she worked on with Yasuhiro Ichihashi.[111]
For the 2010 reboot, Castlevania: Lords of Shadow, the game was scored by Óscar Araujo using a 120-piece orchestra.[113] His work on Lords of Shadow earned him a nomination for breakout composer of the year by the International Film Music Critics Association,[114] and he won "Best Original Score for a Video Game or Interactive Media."[115] Araujo went on to compose the sequels, Mirror of Fate and Lords of Shadow 2.[116]
The Castlevania franchise had sold over 20 million copies worldwide as of 2006[update];[166] it had previously sold over 3.7 million units by 1993.[167] The franchise has received mostly positive reviews, with the most acclaimed game being Symphony of the Night for the PlayStation and the most panned being Judgment, with aggregate scores of 93 and 49, respectively, on Metacritic and 93.38% and 52.71%, respectively, on GameRankings.
Simon Belmont was one of the stars in the animated series Captain N: The Game Master.[178] He was a member of the N-Team, a group of mostly video game characters who defended Videoland against the antagonist Mother Brain from Metroid. Dracula, referred to only as "the Count", appeared as a villain in Captain N. Alucard appeared in one episode, though he was portrayed as a rebellious skateboarding teenager. Several other Castlevania monsters had minor roles, including Frankenstein's Monster, the Mummy, the Wolf Man, and the Skull Knight. Simon is portrayed as egotistical on the show and his physical appearance differs from his design in the video game series.
In 2005, IDW Publishing released a comic book adaptation, Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy, written by Marc Andreyko with art by E. J. Su. It was based on Castlevania: The Adventure.[5] In 2008, a graphic novel adaption of Curse of Darkness was released by Tokyopop in English.[179]
The streaming service Netflix released an American animated series titled Castlevania as part of its original programming.[180] The show is being showrun by Adi Shankar,[181] who had previously teased plans for an animated mini-series based on Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse in 2015,[182][183] and is written by Warren Ellis.[184]Fred Seibert and Kevin Kolde co-produce.[181] The series is animated by Seibert's Frederator Studios and Powerhouse Animation Studios,[181] under Michael Hirsh's Wow Unlimited Media company. The show's first season released on July 7, 2017, and ran for four episodes, while the second season premiered on October 26, 2018, and ran for eight episodes.[185][186][187] By the time the second season became available in 2018, Castlevania had reportedly garnered nearly 30 million viewers worldwide according to Netflix analytics, becoming one of the most successful original animated shows on Netflix.[188] A third season released on March 5, 2020, and ran for 10 episodes.[189] The fourth and final season was released on May 13, 2021,[190] and a new series set in the Castlevania universe is in the works.[191] It will focus on a descendant of Trevor, Richter Belmont, and Maria Renard in France during the French Revolution.[192]
The franchise has its own toy line manufactured by NECA which consists of six figures of Simon Belmont, Alucard, Dracula (available in two variants with one variant with its mouth closed and another one with its mouth open showing Dracula's vampire fangs), Succubus and a Pixel Simon mini figure which was exclusively available as a promotional item at Comic-Con 2007 where the figures were first shown in full form.[193][194]
The franchise consists of a calendar of Lament of Innocence available with the limited edition of the game and containing seven illustrations[195] and another released as a promotion for Castlevania Judgment from April 2009 to March 2010 containing images of various Castlevania characters from the game.[196] Artbooks of many games[195] have been released. The franchise includes comics, prize collection artworks of Symphony of the Night and Judgment as part of its print media.
Adapted and illustrated by Kou Sasakura, a two-volume manga adaptation titled Castlevania: Curse of Darkness (悪魔城ドラキュラ 闇の呪印, Akumajō Dorakyura: Yami no Juin) was published in Japan from 2005 to 2006.[197]
Cancelled projects
A Castlevania television series was considered in the late 1980s as part of the Super Mario Bros. Power Hour, a one-hour animation block of Nintendo-focused video game adaptations. Concept art was produced for the project by DIC Animation City. Only the Mario and The Legend of Zelda segments for the block were ultimately produced, airing in 1989 as part of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!.[198]
A Castlevania film was planned in the late 2000s. However, in December 2007, Rogue Pictures halted active development of Castlevania due to the writers' strike and, later, the sale of the studio to Relativity Media and possibility of a screen actors' guild strike.[199] On May 27, 2009, the Castlevania film was reported as officially canceled.[200]
^Konami (August 4, 2010). Castlevania: Harmony of Despair. Konami. Japanese: 歴代の「悪魔城ドラキュラ」シリーズから選ばれた登場キャラクターを操作して、仲間たちと悪魔城に乗り込み、宿敵ドラキュラ伯爵に立ち向かおう。 English translation: Take control of past protagonists from the Castlevania series to brave the Demon Castle alongside friends and defeat the ancient enemy Count Dracula.
^Crecente, Brian. Konami CEO: 'Mobile is where the future of gaming lies'Archived 1 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Polygon. Retrieved on February 11, 2018. Hideki Hayakawa: "Gaming has spread to many platforms, but at the end of the day, the platform that is always closest to us, is mobile. Mobile is where the future of gaming lies...with multiplatform games, there's no point in dividing the market into categories anymore. Mobiles will take on the new role of linking the general public to the gaming world."(Original interview in JapaneseArchived 11 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine)
^"Konami Parlor Entertainment's blog". February 28, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26.
｢悪魔城ドラキュラ 闇の呪印｣が元となっています (Pachislot Akumajo Dracula is based on Curse of Darkness). ラルフ側から見たもうひとつの物語が､ パチスロ版の悪魔城ドラキュラI･IIのストーリーとなっています (Pachislot Akumajo Dracula I&II story is "another story" from Ralph's perspective).
^Cox, Dave; Álvarez, Enric (September 20, 2016). "We got caught in a s***storm" (Interview). Interviewed by Wesley Yin-Poole. Eurogamer. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
