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((short description|Model of the torso used for fitting clothing))
((more citations needed|date=June 2021))
[[File:Dress formSerie1893.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Dress forms of 1893]]

A '''dress form''' is a [[Three-dimensional space|three-dimensional]] model of the human [[torso]] used for fitting [[clothes|clothing]] that is being designed or [[sewing|sewed]].  When making a piece of clothing, it can be put on the dress form so that one can see the fit and drape of the garment as it would appear on a body and make adjustments or alterations. Dress forms come in all sizes and shapes for almost every article of clothing that can be made.  Dress forms in the standard [[clothing sizes]] are used to make [[pattern (sewing)|patterns]], while adjustable dress forms allow garments to be tailored to fit a specific individual.

This type of model is often colloquially referred to as a ''Judy'' for the female form and a ''James'' for the male form.((citation needed|date=February 2016))

==Structure==

=== Preparatory Structure -  Mold Creation ===
Before making the dress forms, exact measurement and natural shape built prototype are the keys to creating two side fiber molds. The prototype can be built by either traditional handmade; such as either a vest with a zipper that allows padding to be added and removed to adjust shape or [[polyester]] batting,<ref>((Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Sharon |title=Draping Period Costumes: Classical Greek to Victorian |publisher=Focal Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0240821337 |pages=5–6))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=McConnell |first=Larissa |title=Foundations of Flat Patterning and Draping: For the Female Form |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2022 |isbn=978-0367900984 |pages=37))</ref> or modern digital version from 3D software. After the prototype, the dress forms should make precisely the same as the prototype with functions for fitting purposes.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|title=The Structure of Dress Form - Dress Form ((!)) Tak Wai Model - The Dress Form Database|url=https://www.takwaimodel.com/en/single_project/84/The+Structure+of+Dress+Form|access-date=2021-06-09|website=www.takwaimodel.com))</ref>

=== First Structure - Internal Treatment ===
To create the fiberglass base as the first step, putting entirely thick fiberglass, filling up in both side molds, and using resin to stick both sides for few hours until dry is the emphasis to prevent deforming in the very beginning. Then, dismantling both molds to polish surplus fiberglass in each edge until the whole body smooth to remain the exact measurements and further treatment.<ref name=":0" />

=== Second Structure - Accessories ===
In order to assemble and install accessories on the fiberglass base, the board for fixing position and slingshot for arm/hip joint collapsible movement need to place inside the fiberglass base. The Load-bearing steel bar from the dress forms top to around waist which is for hanging purpose also need to place before surface treatment.<ref name=":0" />

=== Last Structure - Surface Treatment ===
The surface of the dress forms has to be as close as possible to make the shape tight. The first layer is needle wool, which uses glue to stick on the fiberglass, then wraps needle wool around the whole body to make the dress form pinnable. The second layer is linen after the cloth cropping, sewing, and wrapping process that makes the surface smooth and more durable during the garment wearing. Lastly, putting measurement line and surface joint accessories to complete the dress forms.<ref name=":0" /> Dress forms are often fragile and should be treated with care, it is advisable to not insert pins and needles in a dress form<ref>((Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Sharon |title=Draping Period Costumes: Classical Greek to Victorian |publisher=Focal Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0240821337 |pages=6))</ref> or tightly wrapping an un-padded dress form in fabric, known as "Mummy Wrapping," which can lead to the dress form to shrink.<ref>((Cite book |last=McConnell |first=Larissa |title=Foundations of Flat Patterning and Draping: For the Female Form |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2022 |isbn=978-0367900984 |pages=40))</ref>

==Basic Instructions==
All dress forms must have specific measurements of shoulders across front, halfway down armscye across front also called "front width," base of neck, center front (CF) of neck to waist, around chest, around waist, shoulders across back, halfway down armscye across back also called "back width," center back (CB) of neck to waist, center of shoulder seam to waist back, around hips, shoulder seam, armscye, and underarm to waist which is also called the "side seam."<ref name="Sobel 2013 2–4">((Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Sharon |title=Draping Period Costumes: Classical Greek to Victorian |publisher=Focal Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0240821337 |pages=2–4))</ref>
* Women's dress forms must have specific measurements from center of shoulder seam to bust point, bust point to waist, bust point to bust point, and around underbust.<ref name="Sobel 2013 2–4"/>
* Men's dress forms must have center of shoulder seam to waist front and have a slightly larger dress form than the model for "breathing room."<ref>((Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Sharon |title=Draping Period Costumes: Classical Greek to Victorian |publisher=Focal Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0240821337 |pages=3–4))</ref>
*Locations of tattoos and piercings of the model individual should be considered by the designer so they can mark locations of these bodily embellishments on the dress form, whether if they are to be hidden or exhibited.<ref>((Cite book |last=McConnell |first=Larissa |title=Foundations of Flat Patterning and Draping: For the Female Form |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2022 |isbn=978-0367900984 |pages=7))</ref>

[[Muslin]] fabric is most commonly used on dress forms due to its well-behaved manner and strong wrap, except if the outfit requires to be flowy, in which case a softer fabric should be used on the dress form.<ref>((Cite book |last=Sobel |first=Sharon |title=Draping Period Costumes: Classical Greek to Victorian |publisher=Focal Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0240821337 |pages=7))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=McConnell |first=Larissa |title=Foundations of Flat Patterning and Draping: For the Female Form |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2022 |isbn=978-0367900984 |pages=31))</ref> Half muslin should be draped on the dress form's right side if the designer is right-handed and left side if the designer is left-handed.<ref>((Cite book |last=McConnell |first=Larissa |title=Foundations of Flat Patterning and Draping: For the Female Form |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |year=2022 |isbn=978-0367900984 |pages=42))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mannequin]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* ((commons category-inline|Dress forms))
* [https://www.takwaimodel.com/en/single_project/84/The+Structure+of+Dress+Form The Structure Of Dress Form], an article describes the dress forms structure.
((sewing))

[[Category:Sewing equipment]]

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