Floriano Peixoto | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Marshal Floriano in 1891 | |
| President of Brazil | |
| In office 23 November 1891 – 14 November 1894 | |
| Vice President | None |
| Preceded by | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Succeeded by | Prudente de Morais |
| Vice President of Brazil | |
| In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 | |
| President | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Vitorino |
| Justice of the Superior Military Court | |
| In office 26 February 1891 – 29 June 1895 | |
| Nominated by | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Preceded by | Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Machado Bittencourt |
| Minister of War | |
| In office 19 April 1890 – 22 January 1891 | |
| President | Deodoro da Fonseca |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Wandenkolk |
| Succeeded by | Antônio Falcão da Frota |
| President of the Mato Grosso Province | |
| In office 13 September 1884 – 5 October 1885 | |
| Preceded by | Baron of Batovi |
| Succeeded by | José Joaquim Ramos Ferreira |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil |
| Died | 29 July 1895 (aged 56) Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 8 |
| Parents |
|
| Alma mater | Praia Vermelha Military School |
| Signature |  |
| Nickname(s) | The Iron Marshal The Sphinx |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Brazil United States of Brazil |
| Branch/service |  Brazilian Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1895 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands |
|
| Battles/wars |
Brazilian Naval Revolt |
Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed the "Iron Marshal",[1] was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War, and the second president of Brazil.[2] He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.
Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice-president in February 1891. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble. As Vice President, he had also served as the President of the Senate.[3]
His government was marked by several revolutions. Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, with the use of strength during the same year - to maintain territorial integrity.
[4] His government was marked by an increased centralization of power and nationalism, with the florianista cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.[5]
He is often referred to as "the Consolidator of the Republic" or "The Iron Marshal." He left the presidency on 15 November 1894. In spite of his unpopularity, he was responsible for the consolidation of the First Brazilian Republic.
Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after its defeat by loyalist troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.
