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((Short description|None))
((More citations needed|date=May 2007))
[[File:Laser glass slab.jpg|thumb|right|150px|An immense slab of "continuous melt" processed [[neodymium]]-doped laser glass for use on the [[National Ignition Facility]].]]
This is a '''list of laser types''', their operational [[wavelength]]s, and their [[list of laser applications|applications]]. Thousands of kinds of [[laser]] are known, but most of them are used only for specialized research.

==Overview==
[[File:Commercial laser lines.svg|thumb|center|775px|'''Wavelengths of commercially available lasers.''' Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details). Most of the data comes from Weber's book ''Handbook of laser wavelengths'',<ref>
((cite book
|last=Weber |first=Marvin J.
|year=1999
|title=Handbook of laser wavelengths
|publisher=[[CRC Press]]
|isbn=978-0-8493-3508-2
))</ref> with newer data in particular for the semiconductor lasers.]]

==Gas lasers==
((Main|Gas laser))
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Helium–neon laser]]
| 632.8 [[nanometre|nm]] (543.5&nbsp;nm, 593.9&nbsp;nm, 611.8&nbsp;nm, 1.1523 μm, 1.52 [[micrometre|μm]], 3.3913 μm)
| Electrical discharge
| [[Interferometry]], [[holography]], [[spectroscopy]], [[barcode]] scanning, alignment, optical demonstrations.
|-
| [[Argon laser]]
| 454.6&nbsp;nm, 488.0&nbsp;nm, 514.5&nbsp;nm (351&nbsp;nm, 363.8, 457.9&nbsp;nm, 465.8&nbsp;nm, 476.5&nbsp;nm, 472.7&nbsp;nm, 528.7&nbsp;nm, also [[second harmonic generation|frequency doubled]] to provide 244&nbsp;nm, 227&nbsp;nm)
| Electrical discharge
| [[Retina]]l [[phototherapy]] (for [[diabetes]]), [[lithography]], [[confocal microscopy]], [[spectroscopy]] pumping other lasers.
|-
| [[Krypton laser]]
| 416&nbsp;nm, 530.9&nbsp;nm, 568.2&nbsp;nm, 647.1&nbsp;nm, 676.4&nbsp;nm, 752.5&nbsp;nm, 799.3&nbsp;nm
| Electrical discharge
| Scientific research, mixed with [[argon]] to create "white-light" lasers, light shows.
|-
| [[ion laser|Xenon ion laser]]
| Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the [[UV]] and [[infrared|IR]]
| Electrical discharge
| Scientific research.
|-
| [[Nitrogen laser]]
| 337.1&nbsp;nm
| Electrical discharge
| Pumping of dye lasers, measuring air pollution, scientific research. Nitrogen lasers can operate [[superradiant laser|superradiantly]] (without a resonator cavity). Amateur laser construction. See [[TEA laser]].
|-
| [[Carbon dioxide laser]]
| 10.6&nbsp;μm, (9.4&nbsp;μm)
| Transverse (high-power) or longitudinal (low-power) electrical discharge
| Material processing ([[laser cutting]], [[laser beam welding]], etc.), [[surgery]], [[dental laser]], [[list of laser applications#Military|military lasers]].
|-
| [[Carbon monoxide#Lasers|Carbon monoxide laser]]
| 2.6 to 4 μm, 4.8 to 8.3 μm
| Electrical discharge
| Material processing ([[engraving]], [[welding]], etc.), [[photoacoustic spectroscopy]].
|-
| [[Excimer laser]]
| 157&nbsp;nm (F<sub>2</sub>), 193.3&nbsp;nm (ArF), 248&nbsp;nm (KrF), 308&nbsp;nm (XeCl), 351&nbsp;nm (XeF)
| [[Excimer]] recombination via electrical discharge
| [[Ultraviolet]] [[lithography]] for [[semiconductor]] manufacturing, laser [[surgery]], [[LASIK]], scientific research.
|}

==Chemical lasers==
((Main|Chemical laser))
Used as [[directed-energy weapon]]s.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Hydrogen fluoride laser]]
| 2.7 to 2.9 μm for [[hydrogen fluoride]] (<80% [[infrared window|atmospheric transmittance]])
| Chemical reaction in a burning jet of [[ethylene]] and [[nitrogen trifluoride]] (NF<sub>3</sub>)
| Used in research for laser weaponry, operated in [[continuous wave|continuous-wave]] mode, can have power in the [[megawatt]] range.
|-
| [[Hydrogen fluoride laser|Deuterium fluoride laser]]
| ~3800&nbsp;nm (3.6 to 4.2 μm) (~90% [[infrared window|atm. transmittance]])
| chemical reaction
| [[list of laser applications#Military|US military laser prototypes]].
|-
| [[Chemical oxygen iodine laser|COIL]] ([[chemical laser|chemical]] [[oxygen]]&ndash;[[iodine]] laser)
| 1.315 μm (<70% [[infrared window|atmospheric transmittance]])
| Chemical reaction in a jet of [[singlet oxygen|singlet delta oxygen]] and iodine
| [[list of laser applications#Military|Military lasers]], scientific and materials research. Can operate in continuous wave mode, with power in the megawatt range.
|-
| Agil ([[All gas-phase iodine laser]])
| 1.315 μm (<70% [[infrared window|atmospheric transmittance]])
| Chemical reaction of chlorine atoms with gaseous [[hydrazoic acid]], resulting in excited molecules of [[nitrogen chloride]], which then pass their energy to the iodine atoms.
| Scientific, weaponry, aerospace.
|}

==Dye lasers==
((Main|Dye laser))
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Dye laser]]s
| 390-435&nbsp;nm ([[stilbene]]), 460-515&nbsp;nm ([[coumarin]] 102), 570-640&nbsp;nm ([[rhodamine]] 6G), many others
| Other laser, flashlamp
| Research, [[laser medicine]],<ref>
((cite book
|last=Costela |first=A.
|display-authors=etal
|year=2009
|chapter=Medical applications of dye lasers
|editor-last=Duarte |editor-first=F. J. |editor-link=F. J. Duarte
|title=Tunable Laser Applications
|edition=2nd
|publisher=[[CRC Press]]
))</ref> [[spectroscopy]], [[birthmark]] removal, [[isotope separation]]. The tuning range of the laser depends on which dye is used.
|}

==Metal-vapor lasers==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Helium]]&ndash;[[cadmium]] (HeCd) metal-vapor laser
| 325&nbsp;nm, 441.563&nbsp;nm
|rowspan="5"| Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with [[helium]] buffer gas.
| Printing and typesetting applications, [[fluorescence]] excitation examination (i.e. in U.S. paper currency printing), scientific research.
|-
| [[Helium]]&ndash;[[mercury (element)|mercury]] (HeHg) metal-vapor laser
| 567&nbsp;nm, 615&nbsp;nm
| (Rare) Scientific research, amateur laser construction.
|-
| [[Helium]]&ndash;[[selenium]] (HeSe) metal-vapor laser
| up to 24 wavelengths between red and UV
| (Rare) Scientific research, amateur laser construction.
|-
| [[Helium]]&ndash;[[silver]] (HeAg) metal-vapor laser<ref name=StorrieLombardia>
((cite journal
|last=Storrie-Lombardia |first=M. C.
|display-authors=etal
|year=2001
|title=Hollow cathode ion lasers for deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging
|journal=[[Review of Scientific Instruments]]
|volume=72 |issue=12
|page=4452
|doi=10.1063/1.1369627
|bibcode=2001RScI...72.4452S
|citeseerx=10.1.1.527.8836))</ref>
| 224.3&nbsp;nm
| Scientific research
|-
| [[Strontium vapor laser]]
| 430.5&nbsp;nm
| Scientific research
|-
| [[Neon]]&ndash;[[copper]] (NeCu) metal-vapor laser<ref name=StorrieLombardia/>
| 248.6&nbsp;nm
| Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with [[neon]] buffer gas.
| Scientific research: [[Raman spectroscopy|Raman]] and [[fluorescence spectroscopy]]<ref>((Cite book|last1=Beegle|first1=L.|last2=Bhartia|first2=R.|last3=White|first3=M.|last4=DeFlores|first4=L.|last5=Abbey|first5=W.|last6=Wu|first6=Yen-Hung|last7=Cameron|first7=B.|last8=Moore|first8=J.|last9=Fries|first9=M.|title=2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference |chapter=SHERLOC: Scanning habitable environments with Raman & luminescence for organics & chemicals |date=2015-03-01|pages=1–11|doi=10.1109/AERO.2015.7119105|isbn=978-1-4799-5379-0|s2cid=28838479))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/16564198/photon-systems-deepuv-necu-laser-to-power-mars-2020-raman-fluorescence-instrument|title=Photon Systems Deep-UV NeCu laser to power Mars 2020 Raman fluorescence instrument |last=Overton|first=Gail|date=11 Aug 2014|website=www.laserfocusworld.com|access-date=2020-03-17))</ref>
|-
| [[Copper vapor laser]]
| 510.6&nbsp;nm, 578.2&nbsp;nm
|rowspan="2"| Electrical discharge
| Dermatological uses, high speed photography, pump for dye lasers.
|-
| [[Gold]] vapor laser
| 627&nbsp;nm
| (Rare) Dermatological uses, [[photodynamic therapy]].<ref>
((cite book
|last=Goldman |first=L.
|year=1990
|chapter=Dye lasers in medicine
|title=Dye Laser Principles
|editor-last=Duarte |editor-first=F. J.
|editor2-last=Hillman |editor2-first=L. W.
|publisher=Academic Press
|isbn=978-0-12-222700-4
))</ref>
|-
| [[Manganese]] (Mn/[[Manganese(II) chloride|MnCl<sub>2</sub>]]) vapor laser
| 534.1&nbsp;nm
| Pulsed electric discharge
|((cn|date=March 2020))
|}

==Solid-state lasers==
((Main|Solid-state laser))
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Ruby laser]]
| 694.3&nbsp;nm
| Flashlamp
| [[Holography]], [[tattoo removal]]. The first laser, invented by [[Theodore Maiman]] in May 1960.
|-
| [[Nd:YAG laser]]
| 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm)
| Flashlamp, [[laser diode]]
| Material processing, [[laser rangefinder|rangefinding]], laser target designation, surgery, [[tattoo removal]], hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with [[nonlinear optics|frequency doubling]] to produce a green 532&nbsp;nm beam). One of the most common high-power lasers. Usually pulsed (down to fractions of a [[nanosecond]]), [[dental laser]]
|-
| Nd:YAP laser (yttrium aluminium perovskite)
| 1.0646 μm<ref>((cite book |last1=Sulc |first1=Jan |last2=Jelinkova |first2=Helena |last3=Jabczynski |first3=Jan K. |last4=Zendzian |first4=Waldemar |last5=Kwiatkowski |first5=Jacek |last6=Nejezchleb |first6=Karel |last7=Skoda |first7=Vaclav |editor1-first=Hanna J |editor1-last=Hoffman |editor2-first=Ramesh K |editor2-last=Shori |title=Solid State Lasers XIV: Technology and Devices |chapter=Comparison of diode-side-pumped triangular Nd:YAG and Nd:YAP laser |date=27 April 2005 |volume=5707 |pages=325 |doi=10.1117/12.588233 |s2cid=121802212 |chapter-url=https://www.crytur.cz/storage/cryt_UK-General/posters%20laser/Nd_triangl.pdf |access-date=16 February 2022))</ref>
| Flashlamp, [[laser diode]]
| Surgery, [[tattoo removal]], hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with [[nonlinear optics|frequency doubling]] to produce a green 532&nbsp;nm beam)
|-
| [[Yttrium aluminium garnet#Nd:Cr:YAG|Nd:Cr:YAG]] laser
| 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm)
| [[solar radiation]]
| Experimental production of nanopowders.<ref>
((cite journal
|author=Sh. D. Payziyeva
|author2=S. A. Bakhramov
|author3=A. K. Kasimov
|year=2011
|title=Transformation of concentrated sunlight into laser radiation on small parabolic concentrators
|journal=[[Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy]]
|volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=053102
|doi=10.1063/1.3643267
))
</ref>
|-
| [[Er:YAG laser]]
| 2.94 μm
| Flashlamp, [[laser diode]]
| Periodontal scaling, [[dental laser]], skin resurfacing
|-
| [[Neodymium]] YLF ([[Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride|Nd:YLF]]) solid-state laser
| 1.047 and 1.053 μm
| Flashlamp, laser diode
| Mostly used for pulsed pumping of certain types of pulsed [[Ti-sapphire laser|Ti:sapphire lasers]], combined with [[nonlinear optics|frequency doubling]].
|-
| [[Neodymium]]-doped [[yttrium orthovanadate]] ([[Nd:YVO4|Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub>]]) laser
| 1.064 μm
| laser diode
| Mostly used for continuous pumping of [[mode-locking|mode-locked]] Ti:sapphire or dye lasers, in combination with [[nonlinear optics|frequency doubling]]. Also used pulsed for marking and micromachining. A frequency doubled nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> laser is also the normal way of making a [[laser pointer#Green|green laser pointer]].
|-
| [[Nd:YCOB|Neodymium-doped yttrium calcium oxoborate]] [[Neodymium|Nd]]:[[yttrium|Y]][[calcium|Ca]]<sub>4</sub>[[oxygen|O]]([[boron|B]]O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> or simply Nd:YCOB
|~1.060 μm (~530&nbsp;nm at second harmonic)
|laser diode
|Nd:YCOB is a so-called "self-frequency doubling" or SFD laser material which is both capable of lasing and which has nonlinear characteristics suitable for [[second harmonic generation]]. Such materials have the potential to simplify the design of high brightness green lasers.
|-
| <!-- No longer existing sub-section: [[Neodymium#Neodymium-doped lasers]] so linking to: -->[[Neodymium#Lasers|Neodymium glass]] (Nd:Glass) laser
| ~1.062 μm ([[silicate glass]]es), ~1.054 μm ([[phosphate glass]]es)
| Flashlamp, laser diode
| Used in extremely high-power ([[orders of magnitude (power)#watt|terawatt]] scale), high-energy ([[megajoule]]s) multiple beam systems for [[inertial confinement fusion]]. Nd:Glass lasers are usually [[nonlinear optics|frequency tripled]] to the [[Optical frequency multiplier|third harmonic]] at 351&nbsp;nm in laser fusion devices.
|-
| [[Titanium]] [[sapphire]] ([[Ti-sapphire laser|Ti:sapphire]]) laser
| 650-1100&nbsp;nm
| Other laser
| Spectroscopy, [[LIDAR]], research. This material is often used in highly-tunable [[mode-locking|mode-locked]] [[infrared]] lasers to produce [[ultrashort pulse]]s and in amplifier lasers to produce ultrashort and ultra-intense pulses.
|-
| [[Thulium]] YAG (Tm:YAG) laser
| 2.0 μm
| Laser diode
| [[LIDAR]].
|-
| [[Ytterbium]] YAG (Yb:YAG) laser
| 1.03 μm
| Laser diode, flashlamp
| [[Laser cooling]], materials processing, ultrashort pulse research, multiphoton microscopy, [[LIDAR]].
|-
| [[Ytterbium]]:<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (glass or ceramics) laser
| 1.03 μm
| Laser diode
| Ultrashort pulse research, <!-- <ref name="cw">((cite journal
|author=J. Kong |author2=D.Y.Tang |author3=B. Zhao |author4=J.Lu |author5=K.Ueda |author6=H.Yagi |author7=T.Yanagitani
|title=9.2-W diode-pumped Yb:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic laser
|journal=[[Applied Physics Letters]]
|volume=86
|page=161116
|year=2005
|doi=10.1063/1.1914958
|pages=161116|bibcode=2005ApPhL..86p1116K
|issue=16 ))</ref> !--><ref name="pulsed">
((cite journal
|author=M. Tokurakawa
|author2=K. Takaichi
|author3=A. Shirakawa
|author4=K. Ueda
|author5=H. Yagi
|author6=T. Yanagitani
|author7=A. A. Kaminskii
|year=2007
|title=Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb<sup>3+</sup>:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic laser
|journal=[[Applied Physics Letters]]
|volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=071101
|bibcode=2007ApPhL..90g1101T
|doi=10.1063/1.2476385
))</ref>
|-
| [[Ytterbium]]-doped glass laser (rod, plate/chip, and fiber)
| 1. μm
| Laser diode.
| Fiber version is capable of producing several-kilowatt continuous power, having ~70-80% optical-to-optical and ~25% electrical-to-optical efficiency. Material processing: cutting, welding, marking; nonlinear fiber optics: broadband fiber-nonlinearity based sources, pump for fiber [[Raman laser]]s; distributed Raman amplification pump for [[telecommunication]]s.
|-
| [[Holmium]] YAG (Ho:YAG) laser
| 2.1 μm
| Flashlamp, laser diode
| Tissue ablation, [[kidney stone]] removal, [[dentistry]].
|-
| [[Chromium]] ZnSe (Cr:ZnSe) laser
| 2.2 - 2.8 μm
| Other laser (Tm fiber)
| MWIR laser radar, countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles etc.
|-
| [[Cerium]]-doped [[lithium]] [[strontium]] (or [[calcium]]) [[aluminum]] [[fluoride]] (Ce:LiSAF, Ce:LiCAF)
| ~280 to 316&nbsp;nm
| Frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser pumped, [[excimer]] laser pumped, [[copper vapor laser]] pumped.
| Remote atmospheric sensing, [[LIDAR]], optics research.
|-
| [[Promethium-147]]-doped [[phosphate glass]] (<sup>147</sup>Pm<sup>+3</sup>:Glass) solid-state laser
| 933&nbsp;nm, 1098&nbsp;nm
| ??
| Laser material is radioactive. Once demonstrated in use at [[LLNL]] in 1987, room temperature 4 level lasing in <sup>147</sup>Pm doped into a lead-[[indium]]-phosphate glass [[étalon]].
|-
| [[Chromium]]-doped [[chrysoberyl]] ([[Synthetic alexandrite|alexandrite]]) laser
| Typically tuned in the range of 700 to 820&nbsp;nm
| Flashlamp, laser diode, [[mercury (element)|mercury]] arc (for [[continuous wave|CW]] mode operation)
| [[Dermatology|Dermatological]] uses, [[LIDAR]], laser machining.
|-
| [[Erbium]]-doped and [[erbium]]&ndash;[[ytterbium]] codoped glass lasers
| 1.53-1.56 μm
| Laser diode
| These are made in rod, plate/chip, and optical fiber form. Erbium doped fibers are commonly used as [[optical amplifier]]s for [[telecommunications]].
|-
| Trivalent [[uranium]]-doped [[calcium fluoride]] (U:CaF<sub>2</sub>) solid-state laser
| 2.5 μm
| Flashlamp
| First 4-level solid state laser (November 1960) developed by [[P. P. Sorokin|Peter Sorokin]] and Mirek Stevenson at [[IBM]] research labs, second laser invented overall (after Maiman's ruby laser), [[liquid helium]] cooled, unused today. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060321130211/http://www.stanford.edu/~siegman/cleo_plenary.pdf]
|-
| Divalent [[samarium]]-doped [[calcium fluoride]] (Sm:CaF<sub>2</sub>) laser
| 708.5&nbsp;nm
| Flashlamp
| Also invented by Peter Sorokin and Mirek Stevenson at [[IBM]] research labs, early 1961. [[Liquid helium]]-cooled, unused today. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060321130211/http://www.stanford.edu/~siegman/cleo_plenary.pdf]
|-
| [[F-center]] laser
| 2.3-3.3 μm
| Ion laser
| Spectroscopy
|-
| Optically pumped semiconductor laser
| 920 nm-1.35 μm
| Laser diode
| Projection, life sciences, forensic analysis, spectroscopy, eye surgery, laser light shows.
The lasing medium is a semiconductor chip.  Frequency doubling or tripling is typically done to produce visible or ultraviolet radiation.  Power levels of several watts are possible.  Beam quality can be extremely high- often rivaling that of an ion laser.
|}

==Semiconductor lasers==
((Main|Laser diode))
<!--I split table rows up by individual material types, but I'm not sure what types are used for certain applications that have been mentioned. Especially, I know nothing about lead salt applications. The applications need to be correctly assigned to the individual device types, then the general info line should be removed. ~~~~ -->
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Semiconductor]] [[laser diode]] (general information)
| 0.4-20&nbsp;μm, depending on active region material.
|rowspan="11"| Electrical current
| [[Telecommunications]], [[holography]], [[laser printer|printing]], weapons, machining, welding, pump sources for other lasers, [[headlamp#High beam|high-beam headlights for automobiles]].<ref>[https://europe.autonews.com/article/20140107/ANE/301109994/bmw-audi-will-introduce-laser-headlamps-this-year BMW, Audi will introduce laser headlamps this year], Automotive News Europe, 7 January 2014, David Sedgwick</ref>
|-
| [[gallium nitride|GaN]]
| 0.4&nbsp;μm
| [[Optical disc]]s. 405&nbsp;nm is used in [[Blu-ray Disc]]s reading/recording.
|-
| [[Indium gallium nitride|InGaN]]
| 0.4 - 0.5&nbsp;μm
| [[Video projector|Home projector]], primary light source for some recent small projectors
|-
| [[aluminium gallium indium phosphide|AlGaInP]], [[aluminium gallium arsenide|AlGaAs]]
| 0.63-0.9&nbsp;μm
| [[Optical disc]]s, [[laser pointer]]s, data communications. 780&nbsp;nm [[compact disc]], 650&nbsp;nm general [[DVD]] player and 635&nbsp;nm [[DVD#DVD recordable and rewritable|DVD for Authoring]] recorder laser are the most common lasers type in the world. Solid-state laser pumping, machining, medical.
|-
| [[Indium gallium arsenide phosphide|InGaAsP]]
| 1.0-2.1&nbsp;μm
| [[Telecommunications]], solid-state laser pumping, machining, medical..
|-
| lead salt
| 3-20&nbsp;μm
|
|-
| [[Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser]] (VCSEL)
| 850–1500&nbsp;nm, depending on material
| Telecommunications
|-
| [[Quantum cascade laser]]
| Mid-[[infrared]] to far-infrared.
| Research, Future applications may include collision-avoidance radar, industrial-process control and medical diagnostics such as breath analyzers.
|-
| [[Quantum dot laser]]
| wide range.
| Medicine ([[laser scalpel]], [[optical coherence tomography]]), display technologies (projection, [[laser TV]]), spectroscopy and telecommunications.
|-
| [[Quantum well laser]]
| 0.4-20 μm, depending on active region material.
| [[Telecommunications]]
|-
| [[Hybrid silicon laser]]
| Mid-[[infrared]]
| Low cost silicon integrated [[optical communications]]
|-
|}

==Other types of lasers==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Laser gain medium and type
! class="unsortable"|Operation wavelength(s)
! class="unsortable"|Pump source
! class="unsortable"|Applications and notes
|-
| [[Free-electron laser]]
| A broad wavelength range (0.1&nbsp;nm - several mm); a single FEL may be tunable over a wavelength range
| [[Relativistic electron beam]]
| [[Earth's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] research, [[material science]], medical applications.
|-
| CO₂ [[gas dynamic laser]]
| Several lines around 10.5&nbsp;μm; other frequencies may be possible with different gas mixtures
| Spin state population inversion in carbon dioxide molecules caused by supersonic adiabatic expansion of mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
| Military applications; can operate in CW mode at several megawatts optical power. Manufacturing and Heavy Industry.
|-
| "[[Nickel]]-like" [[samarium]] laser<ref>((cite journal |url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.276.5315.1097 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |title=A Saturated X-ray Laser Beam at 7 Nanometers |author=J. Zhang*, A. G. MacPhee, J. Lin|date=16 May 1997 |access-date=31 October 2013|display-authors=etal |doi=10.1126/science.276.5315.1097 |volume=276 |issue=5315 |pages=1097–1100))</ref>
| [[X-ray]]s at 7.3&nbsp;nm wavelength
| Lasing in ultra-hot [[samarium]] plasma formed by double pulse [[terawatt]] scale irradiation fluences.
| Sub–10&nbsp;nm X-ray laser, possible applications in high-resolution [[microscopy]] and [[holography]].
|-
| [[Raman laser]]s, use inelastic stimulated [[Raman scattering]] in a nonlinear media, mostly fiber, for amplification
| 1-2 μm for fiber version
| Other laser, mostly [[ytterbium|Yb]]-glass [[fiber laser]]s
| Complete 1-2 μm wavelength coverage; distributed [[optical amplifier|optical signal amplification]] for [[telecommunications]]; optical [[soliton]]s generation and amplification
|-
| [[Nuclear pumped laser]]
| See [[#Gas lasers|gas lasers]], [[x-ray|soft x-ray]]
| [[Nuclear fission]]: [[nuclear reactor|reactor]], [[nuclear weapon|nuclear bomb]]
| Research, weapons program.
|-
|[[Polariton laser]]
|[[Near-infrared|Near infrared]]
|optically and electrically pumped<ref>((Cite journal |last1=Schneider |first1=Christian |last2=Rahimi-Iman |first2=Arash |last3=Kim |first3=Na Young |last4=Fischer |first4=Julian |last5=Savenko |first5=Ivan G. |last6=Amthor |first6=Matthias |last7=Lermer |first7=Matthias |last8=Wolf |first8=Adriana |last9=Worschech |first9=Lukas |last10=Kulakovskii |first10=Vladimir D. |last11=Shelykh |first11=Ivan A. |date=2013 |title=An electrically pumped polariton laser |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12036 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=497 |issue=7449 |pages=348–352 |doi=10.1038/nature12036 |pmid=23676752 |bibcode=2013Natur.497..348S |s2cid=126376454 |issn=1476-4687))</ref>
|spin switches and terahertz lasers<ref>((Cite web |title=Why do we need polariton lasers? |url=https://spie.org/news/4477-why-do-we-need-polariton-lasers? |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=spie.org))</ref>
|-
|[[Plasmonic laser]]
|[[Near-infrared|Near infrared]] and [[ultraviolet]]
|optically pumped<ref>((Cite journal |last1=Kristanz |first1=Gerold V. |last2=Arnold |first2=Nikita |last3=Kildishev |first3=Alexander V. |last4=Klar |first4=Thomas A. |date=2018-09-19 |title=Power Balance and Temperature in Optically Pumped Spasers and Nanolasers |journal=ACS Photonics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=3695–3703 |doi=10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00705 |issn=2330-4022 |pmc=6156092 |pmid=30271813))</ref>
|[[Nanolithography|Nanoscale lithography]], fabrication of ultra-fast [[Photonics|photonic]] nano circuits, single-molecule biochemical sensing, and microscopy
|-
|[[Phonon laser]]
|[[microwave]] to [[Far infrared|Far-infrared]]
|electrically pumped
|Investigation of terahertz-frequency ultrasound and [[optoelectronics]]
|-
| [[Gamma-ray laser]]
| [[Gamma rays]]
| Unknown
| Hypothetical
|}

==See also==
*[[Laser construction]]
*[[List of laser articles]]
*[[Maser]] producing or amplifying a coherent microwave beam
*[[X-ray laser]] producing a coherent x-ray or [[Extreme ultraviolet|EUV]] beam
*[[Atom laser]] producing a coherent beam of atoms
*[[Gravity laser]], a hypothetical concept of producing coherent gravitation waves

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==Further references==
((Refbegin))
*Silfvast, William T. ''Laser fundamentals'', Cambridge University Press, 2004. ((ISBN|0-521-83345-0))
*Weber, Marvin J. ''Handbook of laser wavelengths'', CRC Press, 1999. ((ISBN|0-8493-3508-6))
((Refend))

((Lasers))

((DEFAULTSORT:Laser Types))
[[Category:Laser types| ]]

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