Marshall was officially organized by William B. Archer in 1835, eight years after the National Road entered the community.[4] The city was named after John Marshall, chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.[5] Marshall was incorporated on May 14, 1873.[6]
In 1863, Marshall was the scene of conflict in which local Copperheads, who opposed the Civil War, sought to protect soldiers who had deserted from the Union Army. In March, 1863, an army detail from Indiana arrested several deserters. A local judge, Charles H. Constable, freed the deserters and ordered the arrest of two Union sergeants on kidnapping charges. This resulted in the dispatch of 250 soldiers under the command of Col. Henry B. Carrington by special train from Indianapolis, who surrounded the courthouse, freed the sergeants and arrested judge Charles H. Constable. The judge was, however, absolved several months later after presenting a highly technical defense.[7]
Marshall was home to the Handy Writers' Colony, 1950–1964. The most famous writer associated with the Colony was the novelist James Jones, who built a home in Marshall and lived there ca. 1952–1957.
Geography
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Marshall has a total area of 3.68 square miles (9.53 km2), of which 3.67 square miles (9.51 km2) (or 99.59%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) (or 0.41%) is water.[8]
As of the 2020 census[10] there were 3,947 people, 1,627 households, and 1,129 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,072.26 inhabitants per square mile (414.00/km2). There were 1,921 housing units at an average density of 521.87 per square mile (201.50/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.06% White, 0.63% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.89% Asian, 1.49% from other races, and 3.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% of the population.
There were 1,627 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.82% were married couples living together, 20.34% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.61% were non-families. 23.36% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.95% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.17.
The city's age distribution consisted of 21.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $51,201, and the median income for a family was $65,387. Males had a median income of $40,613 versus $32,910 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,448. About 12.5% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
The downtown district is centered on the county courthouse. The town's major employer, TRW Automotive, operates an automotive electronics manufacturing facility, employing a thousand area residents.[citation needed] Marshall is the site of the oldest continually operated hotel in Illinois, the Archer House.
^Stephen E. Towne, "'Such conduct must be put down' -- The Military Arrest of Judge Charles H. Constable during the Civil War", Journal of Illinois History, vol 9, no. 1, Spring 2006, p. 43
^Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". Census.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
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