Northwest India was a historical region, geographically located in the northwestern Indian subcontinent. It predominantly constitutes what are now parts of the present-day South Asian republics of Pakistan and India (specifically modern Northwest India and eastern-Pakistan) after the 1947 Partition of British India.[1][2]
The Indus Valley Civilisation formed in the northwestern subcontinent over 4000 years ago, with climate change potentially having caused its later decline.[3]
Northwest India was a hub of Buddhism in ancient times.[4][5]
The Umayyad Caliphate conquered Sindh in the 8th century CE,[6] marking the beginning of what was to become a major Islamic presence in the region.[7]