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((Short description|Name of several political parties with roots in the Congress Socialist Party))
((more citations needed|date=September 2013))
((Use Indian English|date=September 2015))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2015))

'''Socialist Party''' has been the name of several [[political party|political parties]] in [[India]], all of which have their roots in the [[Congress Socialist Party]] during the freedom struggle.

== Background ==
Socialism had a late appearance in Indian politics and this was attributed to a preoccupation on the part of political activists with the independence movement.<ref name=":0">((Cite book|title=Indian Socialism: Retrospect and Prospect|last=Rao|first=V.K.R.V.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1982|location=New Delhi|pages=3, 85))</ref> Differences in class, political perspectives, and economic objectives were set aside in favor of securing freedom from the [[British Raj|British colonial rule]]. Specifically, socialist doctrines were even seen as a liability due to its theme of [[class conflict]], which could have weakened national forces in their struggle for freedom.<ref name=":0" />

Once the socialist movement emerged, the Indian concept turned out to be different due to its rejection of the orthodox [[Marxism|Marxist]] dogma or the so-called scientific socialist doctrines that focus on the dictatorship of the [[proletariat]].<ref name=":1">((Cite book|title=Social Transformation In Modern India|last=Kumar|first=A.|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2001|isbn=8176252271|location=New Delhi|pages=264))</ref> The Indian model holds that socialism cannot be achieved through the [[State (polity)|State apparatus]]. One of its rationales stated that "If the State is looked upon as the sole agent for social reconstruction, we get nothing but a regimented society in which the State is all powerful and popular initiative is extinct and the individual is made a cog in a vast inhuman machine."<ref name=":1" /> Indian socialism became aligned with the [[Gandhism|Gandhian]] principle that right outcomes would only be achieved through the right means.<ref name=":1" /> Overall, it has clear links to traditional [[Indian philosophy|Indian thought]] and philosophical traditions.<ref name=":0" />

== The former Congress Socialist Party ==
((main|Congress Socialist Party))

The original Socialist Party had its roots in the [[Congress Socialist Party]] (CSP), the socialist caucus of the [[Indian National Congress]], which fused in 1948 with the [[Bolshevik-Leninist Party of India, Ceylon and Burma]] (BLPI). [[Hector Abhayavardhana]] of the BLPI became [[General Secretary]] of the new party. The Socialist Party was founded not long after India's independence when [[Jayprakash Narayan]], [[Rambriksh Benipuri]], [[Basawon Singh (Sinha)]], [[Acharya Narendra Dev]] led the CSP out of Congress. At the time, Congress's leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] held positions that were widely admired by the rank and file of the CSP.

==Socialist Party (1951) ==

Despite [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s personal popularity, the Socialist Party won only 12 seats at the [[Indian general elections, 1951-1971#1951|1951 Indian general election]], and its electoral fortunes did not improve. The SP merged with the [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]], which was formed by [[J.B. Kripalani]], to form the [[Praja Socialist Party]].

== Praja Socialist Party==
((Main|Praja Socialist Party))

The '''Praja Socialist Party''' was an Indian [[political party]] in existence from 1952 to 1972. It was founded when the Socialist Party, led by [[Jayprakash Narayan]], [[Acharya Narendra Deva]], [[Ramvriksh Benipuri]] and [[Basawon Singh (Sinha)]], merged with the [[Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party]] led by [[J.B. Kripalani]] (formerly a close associate of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]). A section led by [[Rammanohar Lohia]] broke from the party in 1955, resuming the name "Socialist Party".

In 1972, SSP was reunited with PSP, forming the Socialist Party.<ref name="Grover1997">((cite book|author=Verinder Grover|title=Political Parties and Party System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ERsVf_DPFUC&pg=PA228|year = 1997|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-7100-878-0|pages=228–231))</ref>

In 1974 and 1975, JP led ''[[satyagraha]]s'' against the government of [[Indira Gandhi]] and called for a 'Total Revolution' in the countryside. In response, Indira declared the two-year [[emergency (India)|State of Emergency]] under which her own power was consolidated and JP was jailed. At that time, [[George Fernandes]], chairman of the Socialist Party of India, who had faced prosecution for conspiracy against the government of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]], sought to obtain funding from the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and the [[French government]] in order to organize underground sabotage activities. After an initial request to seek funding from the French government was turned down, U.S. diplomatic cables showed that he was "prepared to accept money from the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]".<ref>((cite web|title=Fernandes 'sought CIA funding' during Emergency|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fernandes-sought-cia-funding-during-emergency/article4592097.ece|work='The Hindu|access-date=5 August 2013))</ref>

After the Emergency, the Socialist Party joined with a number of other groups to form the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]], which fused in 1977 into [[Janata Party]] as an omnibus opposition to Congress Party rule.

== Samyukta Socialist Party==
((Main|Samyukta Socialist Party))
The '''Samyukta Socialist Party''' was a [[political party]] in [[India]] from 1964 to 1972.  SSP was formed through a split in the [[Praja Socialist Party]] (PSP) in 1964. In 1965, [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] merged his Socialist Party (Lohia) with SSP. In 1972, SSP was reunited with PSP, forming the Socialist Party.<ref name="Grover1997"/> The General Secretary of the SSP from 1969 to 1971 was [[George Fernandes]].

==Samajwadi Party==
The [[Samajwadi Party]], (Hindi translation: Socialist Party), is a political party which draws its lineage from the [[Janata Dal]], [[Janata Party]], [[Lok Dal]] and eventually Socialist Party as well.

==Socialist Party (India), 2011==
((Main|Socialist Party (India), 2011))
In 2011, several socialist groups and individuals formed the Socialist Party (India), which intends to carry forward the legacy of the Socialist Party formed in 1948. The party was formed through a resolution passed by Mr. Pannalal Surana at the foundation conference on 28 May 2011, under the chairmanship of Prof. Keshav Rao Jadhav.

Party National Conference held  at Wardha in Gujarath on 28–30 September 2021 elected Adv Thampan Thomas Ex MP from Kerala as president and [[Sandeep Pandey|Dr.Sandeep Pandey]] of  UP as General Secretary.

== See also ==

* [[List of political parties in India]]

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]

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