2nd century BC: The Roman Empire conquered Illyria in 168 BC. The Central Balkans was prior to the Roman conquest held by Illyrians, Thracians and Celts,[8][9] while the Kosovo region was specifically inhabited by the Triballi, a Thracian tribe.[10]
87–27 BC: The Dardani settled in the southwest of Triballi area in 87BC.[10] The Dardani were possibly an Illyro-Thracian.[11] Dardanians were defeated by Gaius Scribonius Curio and the Latin language was soon adopted as the main language of the tribe as many other conquered and Romanized.[10] Eastern Dardania was Thracian throughout Roman rule.[12] The Thracian place names survives the Romanization of the region.[10]
Ulpiana (later Byzantine Justiniana Secunda) is founded, most likely during the rule of Trajan. It was settled by Roman legionaries of unknown descent.[14] The Romans colonized and founded several cities in the region.[15]
Florus and Laurus, Constantinopolitan twin brothers that worked as stonemasons, are killed together with 300 fellow Christians after building a Church on the site of a Greek temple in Ulpiana. They were proclaimed Christians martyrs.[16][17]
Slavs are mentioned in the Balkans during Justinian I rule (527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided Thessalonica. The Balkans were settled with "Sclaveni", in relation to the Antes which settled in Eastern Europe.[27] Large scale Slavic settlement in the Balkans begins in the early 580s.[28] The Slavs lived in the Sklavinia (lit. Slav lands).
fl. 893–927: the church in Sočanica is, at latest, built during the reign of Bulgar Simeon I. It was in use in the 11th and 12th centuries according to grave finds. In the reign of Grand Prince Uroš II, the site was known as Sečenica and was defended from the Byzantines from the newly built fortress at Galič, protecting the bridge over Ibar and the road to Ras.[29] The site draws continuity with municipium Dardanorum.[30]
Between 1166 and 1168: Nemanja, a Serbian royalty who held parts of Kosovo and southern Serbia proper, defeats his older brother and Serbian Grand Prince Tihomir at Pantino (south of Zvečan), usurping the throne.[35]
1345–1371: Prizren acts as capital of the Serbian Empire.
1345: King of Serbia Stefan Dušan around Christmas 1345. at a council meeting in Serres, which was conquered on 25 September 1345, proclaimed himself "Tsar of the Serbs and Romans" (Romans is equivalent to Greeks in Serbian documents).[41] The Serbian Orthodox Church becomes the Serbo-Greek Imperial Patriarchate, its spiritual capital being in Kosovo (Patriarchal Monastery of Peć).
Lazar Hrebeljanović, a Serbian magnate, becomes the most powerful of Serbian nobles. He conquers Priština, while his subordinate Đurađ I Balšić takes Prizren, which were held by Marko, the son of Vukašin.[44] Lazar was born in Novo Brdo.
1372: Đurađ I Balšić takes Peja, stripping most of Marko's lands north of Šar mountain.
1375: In 1375 the Serbian Patriarch was forced to send a delegation to Constantinopole to appeal for the lifting of the schism from the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć that was established during the time of Dušan. In the last decade of the 14th century, Macedonia was already under Ottoman rule,[citation needed]
1378: Vuk Branković, a subordinate to Lazar, holds all of modern Kosovo after the death of Đurađ I Balšić.
1381: Draganac monastery in Prilepac is mentioned in edicts of Lazar
1389:
28 June [O.S. 15 June]: At the Kosovo field, the Serbian army led by Prince Lazar and Duke Vlatko Vuković fights the larger Ottoman army at the Battle of Kosovo. Casualties on both sides were extremely high – both leaders Lazar and Ottoman sultan Murad I died, together with most of the Serbian aristocracy. The southern provinces of the Serbian Empire were now in Ottoman hands, save for the Central Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia, which would soon follow. The Battle has a notable place in Serbian history and culture.
1392: The Ottomans capture Skoplje (renaming it Üsküp). Vuk Branković, remembered in epic tradition as a traitor who slipped away from the Battle of Kosovo, was forced to become their vassal. Stefan Lazarević followed suit.
1394: Stefan Lazarević participated in the Battle of Karanovasa as an Ottoman vassal.
1395: Stefan Lazarević participated in the Battle of Rovine as an Ottoman vassal. Vuk Branković refused to participate.
1396: The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottomans. Vuk Branković refused to participate, and Bayezid I soon takes his lands and gives it to the Lazarević family, forcing Vuk to flee.
6 October 1397: Vuk Branković dies in exile.
15th century
1402: Stefan Lazarević, Prince (r. 1389–1402), assumes the title of Despot (r. 1402–1427). This took place after the Ottoman state temporarily collapsed following Mongol emir Timur's invasion of Anatolia (Battle of Ankara). The Ottoman interregnum lasted until 1413, as Bayezid's sons fought over succession.
1402: In the feud between Ottoman vassal Đurađ Branković and his uncle Despot Stefan, Đurađ II Balšić sided with Stefan. Due to Đurađ II's support, Stefan defeated Ottoman forces led by Branković in the battle of Gračanica on the Kosovo field (21 June 1402) (.[45]
1412 After the battle of Angora in 1402, Prince Stefan took advantage of the chaos in the Ottoman state. In Constantinople he received the title of despot, and upon returning home, having defeated Brankovic's relatives he took control over the lands of his father. Despite frequent internal conflicts and his vassal obligations to the Turks and Hungarians, despot Stefan revived and economically consolidated the Serbian state, the center of which was gradually moving northward. Under his rule Novo Brdo in Kosovo became the economic center of Serbia where in he issued a Law of Mines in 1412[citation needed]
1430 The whole of Macedonia was conquered by the Ottomans.[citation needed]
1443, the Ottoman army was defeated, at the Serbian town of Niš, by a crusade under a multi-national leadership which included the Hungarian hero János Hunyadi. At this point Skanderbeg, an Albanian nobleman who had been trained as a soldier in the Ottoman army, raised a rebellion from his family seat at Kruja.[citation needed]
ca 1500: Building of "Maksut Pasha"-mosque, near the Marrash section just across the bridge. Still in use.
1513: Building of Mosque "Suzi Prizreni" in Prizren.
1526: Building of Mosque "Haxhi Kasami" at the Prizren fortress.
1526: Building of Mosque of Haxhi Kasëmi (Toska), built between 1526 and 1533.[citation needed]
1526: Building of Mosque of Jakup be Evrenozi.[citation needed]
Mosque of Kuklibeu
1534: (or 1543) Building of Mosque of Kuklibeu Albanian: Xhamia e Kuklibeut also known as Kukli Bej Mosque (Xhamia e Saraçhanes/Sarachane) Kukli Beu Mosque or Kukli Bej's Mosque, Mosque from Mehmet Kukli Beg/Mehmeda Kuklji bega, Serbian: Kukli – begova (Saračana) džamija/Kuklji Beg dzamije[48][49][50][51][52]
1534: (1534?) Building of "Iljaz Kukës"-Mosque in Prizren.
1562–1563: Building of Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Prizren.[48][54] Destroyed in 1950 after a storm. At the location of the former UNMIK headquarters, now municipality building[55]
1721: Prizren, building of the Mosque of Mehmet Lezi Bey also known as Albanian: TerziveSerbian: Terzijski (Tailors Mosque)[48][58] It was built by Memish the Tailor,[59] and located in the street of Terzis (Terzi mahala, Mahalla e Terzive)[60]
1878 (3–6 September) – Mehmed Ali Pasha, who was to overview the cession of the then-predominantly Albanian Plav-Gucia region to the Principality of Montenegro is killed during an attack undertaken by local committees of the League of Prizren.
1878 – 27 November – Planar meeting of the League of Prizren[70]
1879 (Spring) – The journey of an Albanian delegation headed by Abdyl Frashëri in major capital cities of Europe to protect the Albanian issues of territory [57][67]
1912 (January — August) – During Albanian Revolt of 1912 rebels managed to capture almost whole territory of the Kosovo Vilayet including its seat Skopje.
1912 (April – May) – The armed struggles between Albanians and Ottoman forces in Kosovo [57][67]
1912 (July) – Major cities in Kosovo fall into the hands of Albanian revolutionaries [57][67]
1912 (4 September) – The Ottoman government ended the rebellion by agreeing to fulfill the rebels' demands which included establishing of the Albanian vilayet.
1912 (28 November) – The independence of Albania is declared, claiming four vilayets including Kosovo.[79]
1913: The Albanian state in finalised; Serbs, Greeks and Montenegrins withdraw. Kosovo has been divided between Serbia (the larger part) and Montenegro. All of this was ratified at the Treaty of London.[80]
1918: Serbia's absorption of Montenegro followed by its unification with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the first incarnation of Yugoslavia takes the territories of Kosovo with it into the new entity (ratified in various treaties throughout 1919 and 1920).
1944: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia is created with the national boundary with Albania precisely as it had been prior to World War II.
1944 (2 January) – In the Assembly of Bujan, Kosovars declared that they are a political population and that they want to unite with Albania [57][67][88]
1944 (5 October) – The Fifth Brigade, and days later The Third Brigade of the Albanian army(UNÇSH), cross the state border to enslave Kosovo from enemy occupation [82]
1944 (7 November) – The liberation of Đakovica by the Albanian army [67][82]
1944 (18 November) – The final liberation of Dukagjin and Kosovo by the Albanian army [67]
1945: Kosovo as a political unit resurfaces for the first time since 1912. Now named the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija (1945–1963), the new entity exists as an autonomous region within the People's Republic of Serbia but it only occupies a fraction of the territory which had been Kosovo prior to 1912: whilst a part of the former vilayet remained within Central Serbia, the other lands were placed in the newly created Yugoslav republics of Montenegro and Macedonia (both outside of and equal partners to Serbia).
The time period, 1952 – 1965 was characterised by massive migrations of Kosovars[82]
1963: As a result of the new constitution, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is announced. Kosovo sees an increase in the level of self-rule, and was raised from region to province, as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1963–1968)
1987 (24 April): As animosity between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had deepened during the 1980s, Slobodan Milošević was sent to address a crowd of Serbs in Kosovo Polje.
1989 – Slobodan Milošević drastically reduced Kosovo's special autonomous status within Serbia and started cultural oppression of the ethnical Albanian population[96]
1989 (28 June) – Slobodan Milošević led a mass celebration with hundreds of thousands (almost one million) Serbs in Gazimestan on the 600th anniversary of a 1389[97][98]
1990 (2 July) – The (self-declared) Kosovo parliament declared Kosovo a republic in Yugoslavia[99]
22 September 1991: – The (self – declared) parliament declared Kosovo an independent country, The Republic of Kosovo[99]
1992 (May) – Ibrahim Rugova was elected president, during its run the Republic of Kosovo was recognised only by Albania, it was formally disbanded in 1999 after the Kosovo War[100]
1996–1999: Clashes between the KLA and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia intensify to become a full-scale war.
1998 (5, 6, 7 March) – The Jashari family was executed by Serbian police, 64 members of the Jashari family killed, including at least 24 women and children (see Attack on Prekaz),[102]
2004 (October) – Wide Kosovo elections were held which resulted in Ramush Haradinaj becoming prime minister, while Ibrahim Rugova retained his position as president [112]
2006 (July) – First direct talks since 1999 between ethnic Serbian and Kosovar leaders on future status of Kosovo take place in Vienna.[115]
2007 (February) – United Nations envoy Martti Ahtisaari unveils a plan to set Kosovo on a path to independence, which is immediately welcomed by Kosovo Albanians and rejected by Serbia.[115]
2007 (17 November) – Parliamentary elections were held which resulted in Hashim Thaçi becoming prime minister and Fatmir Sejdiu as president. Hashim Thaçi stated his intention to declare the independence of Kosovo [116]
2008 – (17 February), 15:39 – The Republic of Kosovo declared its independence [120]
2008 (April) – Most of the member countries of NATO, EU, WEU, OECD have recognized Kosovo as a country [121]
2009 (21 January) – Kosovo Security Force is formed, a 2,500 strong NATO trained lightly armoured Security Force.[122]
2009 (August) – Ethnic clashes break out in Mitrovica[115]
2009 (November) – First post-independence local elections [123]
2010 (22 July) – International Court of Justice votes 10–4 in a non-binding advisory opinion that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate international law,[124][125][126]
2010 (September) – President Fatmir Sejdiu resigns after court rules that he breached the constitution by staying in a party post while in office,[127][128]
2010 (October) – Caretaker president Jakup Krasniqi calls early general election for February 2011. Fatmir Sejdiu's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) pulls out of governing coalition.[115]
2011 (22 February – 30 March) – Behgjet Pacolli becomes president after winning narrow majority in third round of voting in parliament. Hashim Thaçi is re-appointed as prime minister.[115]
2011 (March) – Serbia and Kosovo begin direct talks to try end their dispute – their first talks since Kosovo broke away from Serbia.[129]
2011 – President Pacolli steps down after the high court rules parliament had not been in quorum during his election. Parliament elects senior police officer Atifete Jahjaga to be Kosovo's first female president in April.[115]
2013 January – EU-mediated talks resume between Kosovo and Serbia days after parliament in Belgrade approves support for minority Serb rights within Kosovo – de facto recognition of Kosovar sovereign territorial integrity.[115]
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^ abcdDušan T. Bataković, ed. (2007). BALCANICA XXXVII(PDF). Belgrade: Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015. ...the Triballi who were Bastarnae neighbours, and the Dardani living in their (Triballian) land.[full citation needed]
^Wilkes 1992, p. 85: "... Whether the Dardanians were an Illyrian or a Thracian people has been much debated and one view suggests that the area was originally populated with Thracians who were then exposed to direct contact with Illyrians over a long period..."
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^A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–641: The Transformation of the Ancient World (Blackwell History of the Ancient World) by Stephen Mitchell, ISBN1-4051-0856-8,2006,page 363,"... Procopius claimed that Justinian also improved the city walls of Ulpiana (modern Ljubljana), Serdica, Naissus, and Pautalia, and refurbished the forts ..."
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^Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history, Edition 3, revised, illustrated, reprint. I.B.Tauris. ISBN978-1-86064-541-9.
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