Biomarker indicative of breast cancer patients' prognosis
Transforming growth factor ([attribution needed ] , or TGF ) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors , TGFα and TGFβ .
The name "Transforming Growth Factor" is somewhat arbitrary, since the two classes of TGFs are not structurally or genetically related to one another, and they act through different receptor mechanisms . Furthermore, they do not always induce cellular transformation, and are not the only growth factors that induce cellular transformation.
Function
These proteins were originally characterized by their capacity to induce oncogenic transformation in a specific cell culture system, rat kidney fibroblasts. Application of the transforming growth factors to normal rat kidney fibroblasts induces the cultured cells to proliferate and overgrow, no longer subject to the normal inhibition caused by contact between cells.[6] [7]
Growth factor receptor modulators
Angiopoietin
Kinase inhibitors: Altiratinib
CE-245677
Rebastinib
CNTF EGF (ErbB)
FGF
FGFR1 FGFR2
Agonists: Ersofermin
FGF (1 , 2 (bFGF) , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 (KGF ), 8 , 9 , 10 (KGF2) , 17 , 18 , 22 )
Palifermin
Repifermin
Selpercatinib
Sprifermin
Trafermin
Antibodies: Aprutumab
Aprutumab ixadotin
FGFR3 FGFR4 Unsorted
HGF (c-Met) IGF
IGF-1
Kinase inhibitors: BMS-754807
Linsitinib
NVP-ADW742
NVP-AEW541
OSl-906
IGF-2
Antibodies: Dusigitumab
Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
Others
Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)
Trofinetide
LNGF (p75NTR )
Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004
Decoy receptors: LEVI-04 (p75NTR -Fc)
PDGF RET (GFL)
SCF (c-Kit) TGFβ Trk
TrkA
Negative allosteric modulators: VM-902A
Aptamers: Against NGF: RBM-004
Decoy receptors: ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)
TrkB
Agonists: 3,7-DHF
3,7,8,2'-THF
4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
7,3'-DHF
7,8-DHF
7,8,2'-THF
7,8,3'-THF
Amitriptyline
BDNF
BNN-20
Deoxygedunin
Deprenyl
Diosmetin
DMAQ-B1
HIOC
LM22A-4
N-Acetylserotonin
NT-3
NT-4
Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
R7
R13
TDP6
TrkC
VEGF Others
Additional growth factors: Adrenomedullin
Colony-stimulating factors (see here instead)
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
Ephrins (A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 , A5 , B1 , B2 , B3 )
Erythropoietin (see here instead)
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
Glia maturation factor (GMF)
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
Interleukins /T-cell growth factors (see here instead)
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
Midkine (NEGF2)
Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
Oncomodulin
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
Pleiotrophin
Renalase
Thrombopoietin (see here instead)
Wnt signaling proteins
Additional growth factor receptor modulators: Cerebrolysin (neurotrophin mixture)
TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators
Type I
ALK1 (ACVRL1 )
Kinase inhibitors: K-02288
ML-347 (LDN-193719, VU0469381)
Other inhibitors: Disitertide
ALK2 (ACVR1A )
Kinase inhibitors: DMH-1
DMH-2
Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
K-02288
ML-347 (LDN-193719, VU0469381)
ALK3 (BMPR1A )
Kinase inhibitors: DMH-2
Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
K-02288
ALK4 (ACVR1B )
Kinase inhibitors: A 83-01
SB-431542
SB-505124
ALK5 (TGFβR1 )ALK6 (BMPR1B )
Agonists: BMP (2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8A , 8B , 15 (GDF9B) )
Dibotermin alfa
Eptotermin alfa
GDF (5 (BMP14) , 6 (BMP13) , 7 (BMP12) , 9 , 15 )
Radotermin
Kinase inhibitors: DMH-2
Dorsomorphin (BML-275)
K-02288
ALK7 (ACVR1C )
Kinase inhibitors: A 83-01
SB-431542
SB-505124
Type II
TGFβR2
Kinase inhibitors: DMH-2
LY-364947
BMPR2 ACVR2A (ACVR2 )
Agonists: Activin (A , B , AB )
BMP (2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8A , 8B , 15 (GDF9B) )
Dibotermin alfa
Eptotermin alfa
GDF (1 , 3 , 5 (BMP14) , 6 (BMP13) , 7 (BMP12) , 9 , 11 (BMP11) , 15 )
Myostatin (GDF8)
Nodal
Radotermin
ACVR2B
Agonists: Activin (A , B , AB )
BMP (2 , 4 , 6 , 7 )
Dibotermin alfa
Eptotermin alfa
GDF (1 , 3 , 5 (BMP14) , 6 (BMP13) , 7 (BMP12) )
Myostatin (GDF8)
Nodal
Osteogenin (BMP3, BMP3A)
Radotermin
Decoy receptors: Ramatercept
AMHR2 (AMHR )
Type III
Unsorted