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((Short description|Soviet space probe to Venus in 1969))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2020))
((Refimprove|date=May 2014))
((Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Venera 5
| image                 = The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3820 stamp (USSR Emblems Dropped on Venus, Radiotelescope and Orbits).jpg
| image_size            = 150px
| image_caption         = Seal of Venera 5

| mission_type          = [[Venus]] atmospheric probe
| operator              = [[Lavochkin]]
| COSPAR_ID             = 1969-001A 
| SATCAT                = 3642
| mission_duration      = Travel: 131&nbsp;days<br />Atmosphere: 53&nbsp;minutes

| spacecraft            = [[2V (V-69)]] No. 330
| manufacturer          = [[Lavochkin]]
| dry_mass              = ((convert|410|kg|lb))
| launch_mass           = ((convert|1130|kg|lb))<ref name=Venera_5>((cite book|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf|title=Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958–2016|last1=Siddiqi|first1=Asif|publisher=NASA History Program Office|edition=second|year=2018))</ref>
| landing_mass          = 
| power                 =

| launch_date           = ((start-date|5 January 1969, 06:28:08|timezone=yes))&nbsp;UTC <ref name=Venera_5></ref>
| launch_rocket         = [[Molniya-M|Molniya 8K78M]]
| launch_site           = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1|1/5]]
| last_contact          = ((end-date|16 May 1969)), 06:54 UT

| orbit_epoch           = 
| orbit_reference       = [[Heliocentric orbit|Heliocentric]]
| orbit_periapsis       = 0.72 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| orbit_apoapsis        = 0.98 AU
| orbit_inclination     = 2.0° 
| orbit_period          = 286 days
| apsis                 = helion

|interplanetary         = 
 ((Infobox spaceflight/IP
   |type                = atmospheric
   |object              = [[Venus]]
   |arrival_date        = 16 May 1969, 06:01 UT
   |location            = ((Venus coords and quad cat|3|S|18|E))<br /><small>(24–26 km altitude)</small>
   |distance            = 
 ))

| programme             = [[Venera program|Venera]]
| previous_mission      = [[Kosmos 167]]
| next_mission          = [[Venera 6]]
))

'''Venera 5''' (((lang-ru|Венера-5)) meaning ''Venus 5'') was a space probe in the [[Soviet space program]] [[Venera program|''Venera'']] for the exploration of [[Venus]].

Venera 5 was launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was of a stronger design. The launch was conducted using a [[Molniya-M]] rocket, flying from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

When the atmosphere of Venus was approached, a capsule weighing ((convert|405|kg|lb|abbr=on)) and containing scientific instruments was jettisoned from the main spacecraft. During satellite descent towards the surface of Venus, a parachute opened to slow the rate of descent. For 53 minutes on 16 May 1969, while the capsule was suspended from the parachute, data from the Venusian atmosphere were returned.<ref>Anne Marie Helmenstine, [http://chemistry.about.com/b/2014/05/15/this-day-in-science-history-may-16-venera-5-landing.htm#commentform "This Day in Science History – May 16 – Venera 5 'Landing'"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521211409/http://chemistry.about.com/b/2014/05/15/this-day-in-science-history-may-16-venera-5-landing.htm#commentform |date=21 May 2014 )), About.com</ref> It landed at ((Venus coords and quad cat|3|S|18|E)). The spacecraft also carried a medallion bearing the [[Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union|State Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union]] and a bas-relief of [[Lenin]] to the night side of Venus.

Given the results from Venera 4, the Venera 5 and [[Venera 6]] landers contained new chemical analysis experiments tuned to provide more precise measurements of the atmosphere's components. Knowing the atmosphere was extremely dense, the parachutes were also made smaller so the capsule would reach its full crush depth before running out of power (as Venera 4 had done).

== Instruments ==
=== Spaceship ===
* Instrument '''KS-18-3M''' to study the flows of cosmic particles;
* Instrument '''LA-2U''' to determine the distribution of [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]] in the planet's atmosphere.

=== Lander ===
* Pressure sensors '''MDDA''' A to measure atmospheric pressure in the range of ((convert|100|to|30,000|mmHg|kPa|lk=on|order=flip));
* '''G-8''' [[gas]] analyzers to determine the chemical composition of the atmosphere;
* '''TTI''' unit to determine the density of the atmosphere at an altitude; 
* '''FD-69''' for atmospheric lighting measurements;
* '''CE-164D''' to determine the temperature at the height of the atmosphere.

== Mission ==
Venera 5 was launched into an [[Earth]] [[parking orbit]] on 5 January 1969 at 06:28:08 UT and then from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-001C) towards [[Venus]]. After a mid-course maneuver on 14 March 1969, the probe was released from the bus on 16 May 1969 at a distance of ((convert|37,000|km|mi|sp=us)) from Venus. The probe entered the nightside atmosphere at 06:01 UT and when the velocity slowed to 210 m/s the parachute deployed and transmissions to Earth began.<ref name=nssdc>((Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-001A|title=Venera 5|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|access-date=13 August 2019))</ref> The probe sent read-outs every 45 seconds for 53 minutes<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/from-the-archives-may-17-1969-soviet-spacecraft-lands-on-venus/article27152921.ece|title=From the Archives (May 17, 1969): Soviet spacecraft lands on Venus|date=17 May 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 August 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X))</ref> before finally succumbing to the temperature and pressure at roughly ((convert|320|°C|°F)) and ((convert|26.1|bar|kPa|order=flip)).

The [[photometer]] detected a light level of 250 watts per square meter and confirmed the [[Temperature|high temperature]]s, [[pressure]]s, and [[carbon dioxide]] composition of the atmosphere found by Venera 4.<ref name=nssdc />

((-))

==See also==
((Portal|Spaceflight))
* [[List of missions to Venus]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((commons category|Venera 5))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120405003320/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/ven2vv69.htm Astronautix.com]

((Venera))
((Orbital launches in 1969))
((Venus spacecraft))

((DEFAULTSORT:Venera 05))
[[Category:Venera program]]
[[Category:Derelict landers (spacecraft)]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:2MV]]

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