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((refimprove|date=July 2021))
((Infobox German location
|name              = Waldheim
|type               = Stadt
|image_photo       = Waldheim.jpg
|image_caption     = Town center
|image_coa            = Wappen_Waldheim.png
|coordinates       = ((coord|51|4|N|13|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title))
|image_plan          = Waldheim in FG.png
|state        = Sachsen
|district         = Mittelsachsen
|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft =((illm|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Waldheim|lt=Waldheim|de|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Waldheim))
|elevation              = 266
|area            = 41.62
|postal_code               = 04736
|area_code           = 034327
|licence               = FG
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 14522570
|divisions        = 5
|website           = [http://www.stadt-waldheim.de/ www.stadt-waldheim.de]
|mayor             = Steffen Ernst<ref>[https://wahlen.sachsen.de/download/Buergermeister/statistik-sachsen_wahlen_buergermeister_uebersicht_aktuell.xlsx Gewählte Bürgermeisterinnen und Bürgermeister im Freistaat Sachsen, Stand: 17. Juli 2022], Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen.</ref>
|leader_term       = 2022&ndash;29
))

'''Waldheim''' is a town in [[Mittelsachsen]] district, in [[Saxony]], [[Germany]].

==Geography==
[[File:Zschopau Waldheim Brücke.JPG|thumb|left|Zschopau River]]
It is situated in the valley of the river [[Zschopau (river)|Zschopau]], ((convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on)) southwest of [[Döbeln]], and ((convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on)) north of [[Chemnitz]]. The municipal area comprises Waldheim proper, the localities of Reinsdorf, Massanei, Heiligenborn, and Schönberg, as well as parts of the former [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] municipality with the localities of Gebersbach, Heyda, Knobelsdorf, Meinsberg, Neuhausen, and Rudelsdorf, which were incorporated in 2013.

Neighbouring towns are [[Hartha]], [[Döbeln]] and [[Geringswalde]] as well as the municipality of [[Kriebstein]]. 

Waldheim station is a stop on the [[Riesa–Chemnitz railway]], served by [[Regionalbahn]] trains of [[Deutsche Bahn]] and the private [[Vogtlandbahn]] railway company.

==History==
Waldheim in the [[Margraviate of Meissen]] was first mentioned in 1198. Waldheim Castle first appeared in a 1271 deed, the surrounding settlement received [[German town law|town privileges]] in 1286. The castle was turned into an [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] monastery in 1404. The population turned [[Protestant Reformation|Protestant]] in 1537.
[[File:Waldheim Zuchthaus.JPG|thumb|left|Waldheim Prison]]
In 1588 Waldheim Castle was again rebuilt as a hunting lodge by Elector [[Christian I, Elector of Saxony|Christian I of Saxony]]. In 1716 [[Augustus II the Strong]] inaugurated a [[Prison|penitentiary]], [[almshouse]] and [[orphanage]] in the castle, which is used as a prison (''Justizvollzugsanstalt'') up to today. The hospital ‘Chur-Sächisches Zucht-Waysen und Armen-Haus’ in Waldheim was the first state institution dedicated to the care of the mentally ill on the German territory.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Tillack-Graf |first=Anne-Kathleen |year=2015 |title=Thomas R. Müller: Wahn und Sinn. Patienten, Ärzte, Personal und Institutionen der Psychiatrie in Sachsen vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts |journal=History of Psychiatry |type=book review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=498-499 |issn=0957-154X))</ref> The later author [[Karl May]] served a sentence here from 1870 to 1874. In the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] era, [[Waldheim Prison]] became notorious as a detention centre for political opponents, convicted for preparation of [[high treason]], [[Wehrkraftzersetzung|undermining military morale]] or just listening to banned ''[[Feindsender]]'' radio stations. Among the inmates were several [[German Resistance to Nazism|resistance]] fighters like [[Eva Schulze-Knabe]], who was convicted by the [[People's Court (Germany)|People's Court]] in 1942 and freed at the end of World War II.

When the [[NKVD special camps in Germany 1945–49|NKVD special camps]] were handed over from the [[Soviet Military Administration in Germany|Soviet Military Administration]] to the [[East Germany|East German]] government in 1950, numerous NKVD detainees were transferred to Waldheim for further detention and for trial. From April to June 1950, the [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany|Communist]] authorities put about 3,400 alleged war and Nazi criminals to the Waldheim Trials, ending with prison terms and 32 death sentences.

==Notable people==
[[File:Fischer von Waldheim 1771-1853.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.6|Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]]
*[[Thomas Abratis|Abratis, Thomas]] (born 1967), Nordic combined skier
*[[Georg Altner|Altner, Georg]] (1901-1945), Nazi politician SS brigadier and police president of Dortmund
*[[Friedrich Albert Fallou|Fallou, Friedrich Albert]] (1794-1877), Lawyer and co-founder of the Soil Scientists (''Bodenkundler'')
*[[Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer von Waldheim, Gotthelf]] (1771–1853), anatomist, entomologist and paleontologist

*[[Anagarika Govinda|Govinda, Anagarika]] (1898–1985), born Ernst Lothar Hoffmann, Buddhist, founder of the order of the Arya Maitreya Mandala
*[[Georg Kolbe|Kolbe, Georg]] (1877–1947), sculptor
*[[Arthur Meinig|Meinig, Arthur]] (1853-1904), born in Waldheim, architect in Hungary
*[[Hans Wussing|Wussing, Hans]] (1927-2011), historian of mathematics and science

==Politics==
((update section|date=July 2021))
The current city council of Waldheim was elected in 2009 and has 18 seats:
*5 mandates of the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]
*5 mandates of the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]
*5 mandates of the ''Unabhängige Bürger'' ([[Free Voters|Citizens' List]])
*3 mandates of the [[Left Party (Germany)|Left Party]]

==Twin towns==
[[File:Waldheim-Rathaus2.jpg|thumb|Town hall]]
((See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany))
Waldheim is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*((flagicon|Germany)) [[Landsberg am Lech]], [[Germany]], since 1990
*((flagicon|Hungary))  [[Siófok]], [[Hungary]], since 1996

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((commons category-inline|Waldheim))

((Cities and towns in Mittelsachsen (district)))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Mittelsachsen]]

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