The Cardigan Welsh corgi (/ˈkɔːrɡi/; Welsh for "dwarf dog")[1] is one of two different varieties of livestock-herdingdog breeds known as Welsh corgis (originating in Wales), with the other being the Pembroke Welsh corgi. It is one of the oldest breeds of the British Isles.[1] Cardigan Welsh corgis are known to be an extremely loyal and trainable dog breed, naturally attuned to herding many different animals, from poultry and waterfowl to large livestock such as sheep and cattle.[2] They are also versatile and can live in a variety of settings.
History
Pembroke Welsh and Cardigan Welsh corgis were both originally listed as one breed by The Kennel Club (UK) in 1925; the two varieties were officially recognized as distinct from one another by The Kennel Club by 1928, but were still categorized together under the title of “Welsh Corgis”.[3] In 1935, the two breeds were finally described as uniquely different and shown separately.[4]The Corgi Club was founded in December 1925 in Carmarthen, South Wales.[3] It was reported that the local members favoured the Pembroke corgis, so a club for Cardigan enthusiasts was founded a year later in 1926.[3] Both groups have worked hard to ensure the appearance and type of breed are standardised, through careful and selective breeding.[3]
One theory, regarding the breed’s origin, is that both types of corgi descended from a line of northern, spitz-type dogs;[5] a second theory is that they descended from the teckel family of dogs, which also is where the dachshund originated.[6]
The word "corgi" is derived from the Welsh: cor gi, which means "dwarf dog".[7] The breed was formerly called "yard-long dog" (Welsh: ci-llathed).[8] The name “Cardigan Welsh corgi” name comes from their area of origin in Wales, Cardigan (Welsh 'Ceredigion'), and ironically not from their coat markings oftentimes resembling a “cardigan” or “vest” worn by the dog.
Description
The Cardigan is a long, low dog with upright ears and a fox brush tail.[9]
Originally used only as a farm guardian, they eventually took on the traits of a cattle drover, herder, and many more.[10] They are still highly valued for their herding, working, and guarding skills, as well as their companionship. The old American Kennel Club standard called it an "Alsatian on short legs".[citation needed] The Cardigan's tail is long (unlike the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, whose tail may be long,[11]naturally bobbed or docked[12]).
Cardigans, which are double coated, come in a variety of colors including any shade of red, sable, or brindle, as well as black, with or without tan, brindle or blue merle, with or without tan or brindle points. Other unofficial colors can occur, such as red merle, but these colors are not considered acceptable per the Cardigan standard. They usually have white on the neck, chest, legs, muzzle, underneath, tip of the tail and as a blaze on the head, known as the "Irish pattern."[citation needed] Other markings include ticking on the legs and muzzle, smutty muzzles and monk's hoods, especially on sables (a pattern of darker tipped hairs over a basic red coat color.)[citation needed]. An average Cardigan is around 10 to 13 inches (250 to 330 mm) tall at the withers and weighs from 30 to 38 pounds (14 to 17 kg) for the male and 25 to 34 pounds (11 to 15 kg) for the female.[13]
Life expectancy is 12–16 years.[14] Litter size can vary; usually four to six puppies.
Health
The most common causes of death for the breed were cancer (28.3%), old age (24.6%), and neurological disorders (15.2%).[15][16]
Canine Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is known to occur in the Cardigan Welsh Corgi. This is likely due to the Cardigan being a dwarf (chondrodysplastic) breed, and these breeds frequently suffer from Type I disk disease. This disease is commonly found in the Dachshund breed.[17]
Temperament
Cardigan Welsh Corgis compete in dog agility trials, obedience, showmanship, flyball, and tracking events. Herding instincts and trainability can be measured at noncompetitive herding tests. Corgis exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.[18]
Cardigans are highly intelligent, active, athletic dogs.
Housepet: They have proven themselves as excellent companion animals. Cardigans are affectionate and devoted.
^Sheldon L. Gerstenfeld; Jacque Lynn Schultz; American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (15 October 1999). ASPCA complete guide to dogs. Chronicle Books. pp. 160–. ISBN978-0-8118-1904-6. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^Hytönen et al. (2008), "Ancestral T-box mutation is present in many, but not all, short-tailed dog breeds", Journal of Heredity, Advance Access published online on October 14, 2008, doi:10.1093/jhered/esn085[1]
^Eve Adamson; Richard G. Beauchamp; Margaret H. Bonham; Stanley Coren; Miriam Fields-Babineau (29 March 2010). Dogs All-In-One for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 535. ISBN978-0-470-52978-2. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
