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[[File:Reagans with Michael Jackson.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|Michael Jackson at the [[White House]] in Washington, D.C., with US President [[Ronald Reagan]] and first lady [[Nancy Reagan]], May 1984]]

[[File:George H. W. Bush with Michael Jackson.png|thumb|230x230px|Jackson and U.S. President [[George H. W. Bush]] at the [[White House]] on April 5, 1990, where he was honored as the  "Artist of the Decade" following his increased success with [[Bad (album)|''Bad'']]]]

American singer-songwriter [[Michael Jackson]] (1958–2009) is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th and 21st century and one of the most successful and influential entertainers of all time.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2009/07/07/michael-jackson-icon|title=Michael Jackson: Icon|website=The New York Public Library|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608141056/https://www.nypl.org/blog/2009/07/07/michael-jackson-icon|archive-date=June 8, 2019|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/11/26/michael-jackson-on-the-wall-as-art-object-of-a-blockbuster-paris-exhibition/|title=New Blockbuster Paris Exhibition Celebrates Michael Jackson|first=Cecilia|last=Rodriguez|website=Forbes|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031042818/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/11/26/michael-jackson-on-the-wall-as-art-object-of-a-blockbuster-paris-exhibition/|archive-date=October 31, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Often referred as the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|King of Pop]]",<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/weekinreview/28segal.html|title=After Michael Jackson, Fame May Never Be the Same|last=Segal|first=David|date=June 27, 2009|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 2, 2019|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002032527/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/weekinreview/28segal.html|archive-date=October 2, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> his achievements helped to complete the [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] of popular music in the United States and introduced an era of [[multiculturalism]] and integration that future generations of artists followed.<ref name="auto2">Roberts, "Kingdom", p. 36.</ref> His influence extended to inspiring fashion trends and raising awareness for social causes around the world.<ref name="auto1" />

Jackson became a child star in 1969 as the lead singer of [[the Jackson 5]], a band formed with his older brothers.<ref>Warwick, p. 249.</ref> The group were recognized by [[US Congress]] for their contribution to American youth culture, and Jackson was embraced by the American public to a degree not afforded a child star since [[Shirley Temple]] in the 1930s.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=484)) In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular culture and the first African-American entertainer to have a strong [[crossover (music)|crossover]] fan base on [[music television]].<ref name="Nothing More Than ... Feelings">((cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Yardley|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-962615.html|title=Nothing More Than ... Feelings|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=August 30, 1993|access-date=March 10, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102054128/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-962615.html|archive-date=November 2, 2012|url-status=dead))</ref><ref name="Off the wall but still invincible">((cite news|first=Elizabeth|last=Day|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/mar/08/michael-jackson-profile-pop-culture|title=Off the wall but still invincible|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=March 8, 2009|access-date=March 10, 2009|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326134523/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/mar/08/michael-jackson-profile-pop-culture|archive-date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live))</ref> His [[music video]]s, including those for "[[Beat It]]", "[[Billie Jean]]", and "[[Thriller (song)|Thriller]]" from his 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'', are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool.<ref>((Cite web | url=https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.833673 |title = Michael Jackson broke the colour barrier))</ref> The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel [[MTV]] to fame.<ref>Brackett, David. [https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000047207 "Jackson, Michael (Joseph)"]. ''[[Grove Music Online]].'' Accessed October 1, 2019.</ref> Jackson's success at this time was credited with rescuing the music industry from its late-1970s recession, and revolutionizing it by initiating a marketing focus on blockbuster albums and video presentation.

Through his videos and live performances, Jackson popularized [[street dance]]s, particularly his signature move the [[Moonwalk (dance)|moonwalk]], and attracted a [[Michael Jackson impersonator|cult of impersonators]] throughout the world. He is credited with helping to spread dance to a global audience and having an influence comparable to dance icons such as to [[Fred Astaire]] and [[Sammy Davis Jr.|Sammy Davis Jr]]. With an aesthetic borrowed from the [[musical film]] tradition, the ''Thriller'' videos created a subindustry of [[Choreography (dance)|choreographers]] as other pop artists sought to produce sophisticated dance-oriented promotional films. In the 1980s, Jackson's personal idiosyncrasies and changing appearance became the source of fascination for the [[Tabloid journalism|tabloid media]], a phenomenon furthered by the [[1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson|child abuse accusations]] leveled against him in 1993. These eccentricities and controversies inspired a wealth of pictures and other artworks exploring his public image, which were presented in the 2018 exhibition ''[[Michael Jackson: On the Wall]]'' at London's [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]].

Jackson influenced a wide range of subjects, from celebrity studies to visual culture to gender and sexuality studies, and many more including ones not directly related to his profession.<ref>Roberts, "Popular Culture", p. 1.</ref><ref>((cite news |first= Jill |last= Rosen |title= 7 Ways Michael Jackson Changed The World |date= June 28, 2009 |newspaper= [[The Baltimore Sun]] |access-date= April 24, 2016 |url= http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-06-28/news/0906260178_1_michael-jackson-jackson-changed-jackson-five |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170130202126/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-06-28/news/0906260178_1_michael-jackson-jackson-changed-jackson-five |archive-date= January 30, 2017 |url-status= live ))</ref> According to a study published in ''[[The Journal of Pan African Studies]]'' in 2010, his influence extended to [[academia]], with references to the singer in literature concerning [[mass communications]], [[psychology]], [[medicine]], [[engineering]] and [[chemistry]].<ref name="Chandler">((cite web |first= Cory |last= Chandler |date= May 20, 2010 |title= Librarians Prove Michael Jackson Was a Rock Star in Academic Literature |url= http://today.ttu.edu/2010/05/librarians-prove-michael-jackson-was-a-rock-star-in-academic-literature |publisher= [[Texas Tech University]] |access-date= May 31, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006123627/http://today.ttu.edu/2010/05/librarians-prove-michael-jackson-was-a-rock-star-in-academic-literature/ |archive-date= October 6, 2014 |url-status= live ))</ref><ref>Hidalgo & Weiner 2010, pp. 14–28.</ref><ref>Hidalgo & Weiner 2010, p. 25.</ref> The [[British Council]] named Jackson on their list of "80 Moments that Shaped the World" with regard to international cultural relations.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/80-moments-report.pdf|title=80 Moments that Shaped the World|date=2014|website=British Council|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412111049/https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/80-moments-report.pdf|archive-date=April 12, 2019))</ref>

==Performing arts==
===Music===
((See also|Album era|List of Michael Jackson records and achievements))
[[File:Jackson 5 1969.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Michael Jackson (center, wearing hat) with [[the Jackson 5]] in 1969|alt=]]
As the lead singer and youngest member of [[the Jackson 5]] from the late 1960s, Michael Jackson was the group's focal point for the media. They became one of the most popular family acts in pop music, with many hit records, a [[The Jackson 5ive (TV series)|self-titled cartoon series]] and, from 1976, a [[The Jacksons (TV series)|self-titled variety show]]. He and his brothers were widely viewed as role models for contemporary society; the press celebrated them as a family founded on core religious beliefs and a strong work ethic, and in 1972 the Jackson 5 received a commendation from [[US Congress]] in recognition of the brothers' contribution to American youth culture.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|pp=487–88)) Amid this recognition, according to the editors of ''[[Rolling Stone]]''(('))s ''Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll'', Jackson captivated the nation on a level not seen in a child star since [[Shirley Temple]] in the 1930s.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=484))

Author [[Peter Doggett]] describes the pre-teen Jackson as "America's most instinctive soul singer" and the reason that, aided by [[Motown]] founder [[Berry Gordy]]'s presentation of the group, the Jackson 5 surpassed contemporaries such as [[the Osmonds]] to become the foremost sibling act.((sfn|Doggett|2015|pp=425–26)) Gordy instilled in Jackson an ambition to make crossover, chart-topping, universal music during Jackson's time at the label. His musical influences varied widely, from the [[R&B]] of his father's band to [[Classical music|Western classical]].<ref>Vogel, (Kindle locations) pp. 244-294.</ref> With the combination of artistic diversity and mass appeal, Jackson's achievements as a musician have defined a category of contemporary popular music that is characterized by fusions of different eras, styles, media and genres, but is also rooted in [[R&B]] and [[soul music]].<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 373.</ref>

The album ''[[Off the Wall]]'' (1979) was generally categorized as a [[disco]] album, yet music critic [[Rob Sheffield]] described it as one that "invented modern pop as we know it". The album has been called a turning point and a distillation of the disco era.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 748.</ref> According to musician and journalist [[Bob Stanley (musician)|Bob Stanley]], ''Off the Wall'' presented Jackson as "a new kind of alpha male" with "an air of super-confidence" reminiscent of [[Elvis Presley]] before the latter's army service.((sfn|Stanley|2014|p=411)) The album's commercial success ensured that Jackson's standing surpassed that of the Jackson 5.((sfn|Edmondson|2013|pp=592–93))((refn|group=nb|Music academic Jacqueline Edmondson nevertheless states that "The [Jackson] family has left an indelible mark on American popular music and culture through their music, acting, and influence on fashion and pop culture."((sfn|Edmondson|2013|p=591))))

In the description of author and pop culture critic [[Joseph Vogel (author)|Joseph Vogel]], Jackson's 1982 album ''[[Thriller (Michael Jackson album)|Thriller]]'' changed the direction of popular music.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 1438.</ref> [[Jay Cocks]], writing for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine in 1984, said the album was "a thorough restoration of confidence, a rejuvenation [and] its effect on listeners, especially younger ones, was nearer to a revelation". It reintroduced black music to mainstream American radio; until then the so-called "restrictive special-format programming", a genre-driven radio content philosophy which segregated music by race introduced in the mid-1970s, limited airplay of black music. Jackson, whose success was compared to that of Elvis Presley and [[the Beatles]], appeared on the cover of ''Time''.<ref name="Time/Thriller">((Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5033766/thriller-michael-jackson-anniversary/|first=Lily|last=Rothman|title=Why Michael Jackson's Biggest Success Was a Surprise|magazine=Time|date=November 29, 2017|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605134018/http://time.com/5033766/thriller-michael-jackson-anniversary/|archive-date=June 5, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> The album established Jackson as the world's top entertainment star and, in Stanley's recollection, "you'd expect to see a copy in the corner of any room, in any town, in any country in the world."((sfn|Stanley|2014|p=412)) Its unprecedented commercial success also provided the model for record companies recovering from the economic downturn of the late 1970s, whereby they focused on promoting a blockbuster album at the expense of releases by their lesser-known acts.((sfn|Cateforis|2011|p=64)) Amid his description of the cultural phenomenon that Jackson represented in 1984, Cocks deemed him "A one-man rescue team for the music business ... A singer who cuts across all boundaries of taste and style, and color too."<ref name="Time">((cite magazine|first=Jay|last=Cocks|title=Why He's a Thriller|date= March 19, 1984|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950053,00.html |access-date=April 25, 2010))</ref> In 2008, the [[Library of Congress]] added ''Thriller'' to the [[National Recording Registry]] for its "stratospheric national and international success".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-08-079/2007-national-recording-registry-announced/2008-05-14/|title="Thriller" in the Library of Congress: 2007 National Recording Registry Announced|date=May 14, 2008|website=Library of Congress|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001035945/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-08-079/2007-national-recording-registry-announced/2008-05-14/|archive-date=October 1, 2019))</ref>

Jackson's music has been extensively covered by other artists of various styles, including [[Mariah Carey]], [[Miles Davis]], [[Willie Nelson]], and [[Alien Ant Farm]].<ref>((Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-10-best-covers-of-michael-jacksons-songs-20592/|title=The 10 Best Covers of Michael Jackson's Songs|date=June 27, 2014|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001030643/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/the-10-best-covers-of-michael-jacksons-songs-20592/|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Artists who often mention Jackson in their music include [[Kanye West]], [[Lil Wayne]], [[LL Cool J]], [[Rick Ross]], and [[Drake (musician)|Drake]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2501409/michael-jackson-still-popular-in-rap-songs-4-years-after-his-death/|title=Michael Jackson Still A Fixture In Rap Songs 4 Years After Death|author=MTV News Staff|website=MTV News))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/arts/music/kanye-west-talks-about-his-career-and-album-yeezus.html|title=Behind Kanye's Mask|first=Jon|last=Caramanica|date=June 11, 2013|work=The New York Times))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9m4a71xIWnMC&q=mj+taught+me+that+Lil+wayne&pg=PA323|title=Bruno Mars|publisher=epubli|via=Google Books))</ref> According to Edmondson, writing in 2013, Jackson "redefined the term pop star" and his cultural legacy is reflected "in the very landscape of the modern, genre-crossing, multimedia pop music scene".((sfn|Edmondson|2013|p=592))

===Dance and choreography===
((See also|Michael Jackson impersonator))
[[File:Sticky-holiday-MJ-tribute.jpg|thumb|A [[Michael Jackson impersonator|Jackson impersonator]] paying tribute to the late singer at a [[Madonna]] concert in [[Tel Aviv]], September 2009]]

From the start of his performing career, Jackson incorporated dance moves into a stage presence that invited comparison with [[James Brown]], [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], [[Mick Jagger]] and [[Tina Turner]].((sfn|Doggett|2015|p=425)) He went on to popularize street dances such as [[popping]], [[Locking (dance)|locking]], the [[Robot (dance)|robot]] and his signature move the [[Moonwalk (dance)|moonwalk]].<ref name="dancer gifts">((Cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael-jackson-dancer-moved-measure-gifts-jackson-dance-genius-article-1.373191|title=Michael Jackson the dancer moved us beyond measure; among other gifts, Jackson was dance genius, too|last=Smith|first=Olivia|website=nydailynews.com|date=June 29, 2009 |access-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001073422/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael-jackson-dancer-moved-measure-gifts-jackson-dance-genius-article-1.373191|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Professor of performance studies at [[New York University|NYU]] Tavia Nyongo said that "No dancer has done as much to popularize the art form since [[Fred Astaire]]."<ref name="dancer gifts"/><ref>((Cite web|url=https://danceheritage.org/|title=Dance Heritage Coalition - National Alliance Of Institutions|date=January 28, 2020))</ref>

Jackson first performed the moonwalk when miming to "Billie Jean" at the close of the ''[[Motown 25]]'' TV special, which aired in May 1983. The performance was viewed by an international audience of around 50&nbsp;million and, according to ''Rolling Stone'', "energize[d] the music scene once again and set in motion all the forces that would go on to shape the popular culture of the 1980s".((sfn|Kooijman|2006|p=119)) Media studies academic Jaap Kooijman writes that, although the moonwalk was an additional element in his routine at ''Motown 25'', Jackson's replication of his dancing from the already popular "Billie Jean" music video presented a new phenomenon whereby a concert performance involved re-creating a video sequence and the music, including live vocals, ceded to visual imagery such as dance.((sfn|Kooijman|2006|pp=119–20, 126–27))

Jackson is credited with helping to spread dance to a global audience. [[Nigel Lythgoe]], executive producer and judge on the TV dance competition ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'', said that "countless" applicants had begun dancing because of Jackson.<ref name="dancer gifts"/> Ronni Favors, a director at the [[Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater]], said Jackson was "a trailblazer for his generation", setting the expectation that future pop stars, such as [[Britney Spears]] and [[Beyoncé]], integrate dance in their performances.<ref name="dancer gifts" /> In Japan, as a result of him opening his 1987–89 [[Bad World Tour]] there, Jackson is credited with reshaping [[J-pop]]'s choreography.<ref name="auto3">((Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0sB47TxoCwC&q=michael+Jackson%27s+Bad+tour+is+credited+for+reshaping+J-pop%27s+choreography.&pg=PT18 | title=Billboard| date=July 11, 2009))</ref> He also influenced India's [[Bollywood]] film scene,<ref name="auto3"/> where dance sequences, films and soundtrack music all borrowed heavily from Jackson's work.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/michael-jacksons-bollywood-connection/photostory/37180389.cms|title=Michael Jackson's Bollywood connection|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=July 2014|access-date=April 1, 2020))</ref>

Following the singer's death in 2009, Andy Gill of ''[[The Independent]]'' said that through Jackson's example, "the Eighties became the decade of dance stars like [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] and [[Madonna]], neither of whom would have been able to establish themselves as quickly as they did had Jackson not moonwalked across the room and kicked down the door for them."<ref name="Gill/Independent">((cite news|first=Andy|last=Gill|title=Michael Jackson: ''Thriller'' was the Masterpiece that Set Tone for Pop's Next Generation|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/thriller-was-the-masterpiece-that-set-tone-for-pops-next-generation-1721535.html|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=June 26, 2009|access-date=March 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407235307/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/thriller-was-the-masterpiece-that-set-tone-for-pops-next-generation-1721535.html|archive-date=April 7, 2015|url-status=live))</ref> Gill added that with thousands of dancers imitating his moves in the moonwalk and the zombie, Jackson became "the most significant mainstream dance icon since the mid-century heyday of Fred Astaire, [[Gene Kelly]] and Sammy Davis Jr."<ref name="Gill/Independent" />((refn|group=nb|In her 2016 novel ''[[Swing Time (novel)|Swing Time]]'', [[Zadie Smith]] refers to Jackson as part of a seamless dance tradition, writing: "A great dancer has no time, no generation, he moves eternally through the world, so that any dancer in any age may recognise him. [[Picasso]] would be incomprehensible to [[Rembrandt]], but [[Nijinsky]] would understand Michael Jackson."<ref name="Searle/Guardian" />)) Jackson was posthumously inducted into the [[National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame]] in 2010.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.rttnews.com/1395755/michael-jackson-inducted-into-dance-hall-of-fame.aspx|title=Michael Jackson Inducted Into Dance Hall Of Fame|website=RTTNews))</ref>

==Music videos==
((See also|Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award|Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)((!))''Michael Jackson's Thriller'' (music video)))

Jackson had a lasting influence on the [[music video]] medium, starting with the clips for his ''Thriller'' singles "Billie Jean" and "Beat It".((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=687)) At the time most music videos had small budgets, low production values and little narrative.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fR8DwAAQBAJ&q=Before+Michael+Jackson%E2%80%99s+thriller,+the+music+video+was+primarily+a+promotional+tool,+featuring+poor+production,+small+budgets+and+little+storytelling.&pg=PA16|title=Man in the Music|first=Joseph|last=Vogel|date=August 27, 2019|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=9780525566588|via=Google Books))</ref> Jackson's videos began a transformation, replacing low-budget montage promos with elaborate [[short film]]s consisting of in-depth narratives and sophisticated visuals,<ref name="auto">Vogel, (Kindle location) 391.</ref> and taking the form of a mini [[Musical film|musical]].((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=687)) Jackson collaborated with several Hollywood directors on these works, including [[John Landis]], [[Martin Scorsese]], [[Spike Lee]] and [[John Singleton]].<ref name="reuters new standard">((Cite news|first=Ayala|last=Ben-Yehuda|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-mtv-idUSTRE56254W20090703|title=Michael Jackson's videos set a new standard|date=July 3, 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930191621/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-mtv-idUSTRE56254W20090703|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> "Beat It" featured unusually sophisticated choreography and, according to ''The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll'', created a "music video subindustry of dancers and choreographers" such as [[Paula Abdul]] and [[Toni Basil]].((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=687))

The "Thriller" video—which gained a commercial release as ''[[Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)|Michael Jackson's Thriller]]''—was unusually long (at 15 minutes) and took the form of a short film presentation.((sfn|Kooijman|2006|p=126)) It features Jackson dancing with [[zombie]]s and cost more than $1&nbsp;million to produce. The film sealed [[MTV]]'s position as a cultural force, helped disassemble racial barriers for black artists, revolutionized music video production, popularized the making-of documentaries, and drove rentals and sales of VHS tapes.<ref name="Hebblethwaite/Guardian">((cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/21/michael-jackson-thriller-changed-music-videos|title=How Michael Jackson's Thriller changed music videos for ever|first=Phil|last=Hebblethwaite|date=November 21, 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=October 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218125357/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/21/michael-jackson-thriller-changed-music-videos|archive-date=December 18, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> It has been described as the most influential music video in history;<ref name="auto"/> according to Edmondson, the "Thriller" video "is credited with single-handedly revolutionizing the landscape of pop music".((sfn|Edmondson|2013|p=593)) Former MTV executive [[Nina Blackwood]] said, "[After 'Thriller'] we saw videos get more sophisticated—more story lines, way more intricate choreography. You look at those early videos and they were shockingly bad."<ref name="reuters new standard"/> Music video director [[Brian Grant (director)|Brian Grant]] credited "Thriller" as the turning point when music videos became a "proper industry".<ref name="Hebblethwaite/Guardian" /><ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-thriller-idUSTRE56300320090706|title=How Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' changed music business|work=Reuters|date=July 6, 2009|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=October 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030050326/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-thriller-idUSTRE56300320090706|archive-date=October 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Gill recognized the Landis-directed film as a work that "altered forever the balance of sound and vision in the entertainment industry", adding: "Prior to Jackson, music alone had been the premier conduit of cultural dissemination among young people; after Jackson, it was merely the accompaniment to a dance routine, one small element in a larger spectacle."<ref name="Gill/Independent" /> In December 2009, the video was inducted into the [[National Film Registry]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/thriller-lands-national-film-registry-92683|title='Thriller' Lands in National Film Registry|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 30, 2009|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717234808/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/thriller-lands-national-film-registry-92683|archive-date=July 17, 2019|url-status=live))</ref>

With MTV's initial broadcast of the film, in December 1983, the debut of a new Jackson video became a major media event.((sfn|Kooijman|2006|p=126)) MTV's belated support signaled the end of its rock-only policy and, due to the popularity the film gained for the network, of concerns for its commercial survival.((sfn|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|pp=144, 227)) [[Robert Pittman (media executive)|Bob Pittman]], MTV's co-founder and CEO, said that "'Thriller' brought people to MTV for the first time, and it made them stay and watch it again and again. Now everybody was into MTV."((sfn|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|p=156)) This development ensured an upswing in the economics of the music industry after its sharp decrease in revenue since the late 1970s and, with the expansion of MTV's reach in 1984, new music stars being created through the video medium as well as established acts such as [[Bruce Springsteen]] embracing high-production music videos.((sfn|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|p=166)) The ''Rolling Stone'' editors state that Jackson's breakthrough was the "turning point" for MTV, initiating a transformation in which the network "not only revolutionized virtually every aspect of the music business, from promotion to concert tours, but changed the way listeners/viewers related to music and to artists".((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=687))

According to ''The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll'', the $160,000 budget for Jackson's "Beat It" video was considered an "exorbitant" amount; the video for his 1995 single "[[Scream (Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song)|Scream]]" cost an estimated $4&nbsp;million, making it the most expensive clip in pop music history at that time.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|pp=484, 486)) According to Landis, the "Thriller" video project was the subject of a course at [[Harvard Business School]], although he said this study incorrectly highlighted the role of business and legal professionals rather than Jackson's creative vision.((sfn|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|pp=153–154)) MTV's premiere of Jackson's "[[Black or White]]" single was broadcast simultaneously in 27 countries on November 14, 1991, and was watched by an estimated 500&nbsp;million people. As of 2006, this remained the largest audience to view a music video.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.today.com/popculture/return-king-pop-wbna15529981|title=The return of the King of Pop|publisher=[[Today (American TV program)|Today.com]]|date=November 3, 2006|access-date=March 31, 2020))</ref>

"Thriller" has become closely associated with [[Halloween]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://dailycollegian.com/2017/10/michael-jacksons-thriller-remains-a-halloween-hit/|title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' remains a Halloween hit|last=Clifford|first=Edward|website=Massachusetts Daily Collegian|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930033054/https://dailycollegian.com/2017/10/michael-jacksons-thriller-remains-a-halloween-hit/|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref><ref name="vox thriller">((Cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/10/31/18046940/michael-jackson-thriller-facts-trivia-making-of-john-landis|title=Michael Jackson's "Thriller" is the eternal Halloween bop — and so much more|last=Romano|first=Aja|date=October 31, 2018|website=Vox|access-date=October 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004001542/https://www.vox.com/2018/10/31/18046940/michael-jackson-thriller-facts-trivia-making-of-john-landis|archive-date=October 4, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> The dance is performed in major cities around the world; the largest zombie dance included 12,937 dancers, in Mexico City.<ref name="Griffin">((cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2010/07/michael-jackson-thriller-201007|title=The "Thriller" Diaries|last1=Griffin|first1=Nancy|date=January 24, 2010|website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=October 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621024311/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2010/07/michael-jackson-thriller-201007|archive-date=June 21, 2017|url-status=live))</ref> A [[Thriller (viral video)|YouTube video of more than 1,500 prisoners performing the dance]] had attracted 14&nbsp;million views as of 2010.<ref name="Griffin" />

== Television appearances ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date
!Broadcast
!Region
!Total Viewers
!Type
!Source
|-
|May 16, 1983
|               ''[[Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever]]''
|[[United States]]
|47,000,000
|[[Concert]]
|<ref>((Cite web |date=2015-05-24 |title='Motown 25' Was Seen By 47 Million Viewers - NYTimes.com |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/19/arts/motown-25-was-seen-by-47-million-viewers.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524141617/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/19/arts/motown-25-was-seen-by-47-million-viewers.html |archive-date=May 24, 2015 ))</ref>
|-
|March 1984 
|[[Pepsi Generation|Pepsi: A New Generation]] 
|Worldwide
|500,000,000
|[[Commercial broadcasting|Commercial]]
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Michael Jackson Pepsi |url=https://www.historyoasis.com/post/michael-jackson-pepsi |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=www.historyoasis.com))</ref>
|-
|May 17–21, 1988
|Pepsi TV Special “Pozner in America.”
|[[Soviet Union]]
|150,000,000
|[[Miniseries|Mini-Series]]
|<ref>((Cite web |last=Parks |first=Michael |date=1988-06-26 |title=Pepsi Push Into Soviet Union a Textbook Case in Marketing |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-26-fi-8429-story.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US))</ref>
|-
|November 14, 1991
|              [[Black or White|Black or White (Music Video)]]
|Worldwide
|500,000,000
|[[Music video|Music Video]] 
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Jackson Alters His New Video ((!)) The Seattle Times |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19911116&slug=1317521 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=archive.seattletimes.com))</ref>
|-
|November 20, 1992
|                 ''[[The Jacksons: An American Dream]]''
|[[United States]]
|38,000,000
|[[Biopic]]
|<ref>((Cite web |date=2012-10-26 |title=THE TV COLUMN |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74063669.html?dids=74063669:74063669&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+20,+1992&author=John+Carmody&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=THE+TV+COLUMN&pqatl=google |access-date=2024-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026132202/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/74063669.html?dids=74063669:74063669&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+20,+1992&author=John+Carmody&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=THE+TV+COLUMN&pqatl=google |archive-date=October 26, 2012 ))</ref>
|-
|January 31, 1993
|[[Super Bowl XXVII halftime show]]
|[[United States]]
|133,400,000
|[[Concert]]
|<ref>((Cite web |last=Snow |first=Shauna |date=1993-05-11 |title=PEOPLE WATCH |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-11-ca-34046-story.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last=Herbert |first=Steven |date=1993-02-02 |title=NBC Scores Big Ratings With Super Bowl XXVII : Television: Dallas' romp of Buffalo is estimated to have drawn at least 120 million viewers and the highest overnight ratings since 1987. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-02-ca-1028-story.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US))</ref>
|-
|January 31, 1993
|[[Super Bowl XXVII halftime show]]
|Worldwide
|1,300,000,000
|[[Concert]]
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Media overstates global appeal of the Super Bowl |url=https://us.humankinetics.com/blogs/excerpt/media-overstates-global-appeal-of-the-super-bowl |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Human Kinetics |language=en))</ref>
|-
|February 10, 1993
|                  ''[[Michael Jackson Talks ... to Oprah]]''
|[[United States]]
|90,000,000
|  [[Interview]]
|<ref>((Cite web |last=Margulies |first=Lee |date=1993-02-12 |title=Jackson Interview Seen by 90 Million, ABC Says |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-12-ca-1379-story.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US))</ref>
|-
|June 14, 1995
|[[ABC Primetime Live]]: [[Michael Jackson]] / [[Lisa Marie Presley]] 
|Worldwide
|500,000,000
|  [[Interview]]
|<ref>((Cite web |last=By |date=1995-06-15 |title=JACKSON INTERVIEW: ODDLY DISSATISFYING |url=https://www.courant.com/1995/06/15/jackson-interview-oddly-dissatisfying-2/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Hartford Courant |language=en-US))</ref>
|-
|November 5, 1995
|[[Wetten, dass..?|Wetten Das]]: [[Michael Jackson]] performs the [[Earth Song]]
|[[Germany]]
|18,000,000
|[[Television show|TV Show]]
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Michael Jackson Performed "Earth Song" On The Popular German TV Show "Wetten, Das" |url=https://www.michaeljackson.com/en-ca/news/michael-jackson-performed-earth-song-on-the-popular-german-tv-show-wetten-das/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Michael Jackson Official Site |language=en-ca))</ref>
|-
|May 8, 1996
|[[World Music Awards]] (w/Performance by [[Michael Jackson]])
|Worldwide
|900,000,000
|[[Award show|Award Show]]
|<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gTBJAAAAIBAJ&dq=1996+world+music+awards+900+million&pg=PA4&article_id=2646,1274694 |title="Fans Scream for Angel Michael" |date=10 May 1996 |publisher=The Hour |language=en))</ref>
|-
|May 10, 2000
|[[World Music Awards]] ([[World Music Awards#Millennium Award|Artist of the Millennium Ceremony]])
|Worldwide
|900,000,000
|[[Award show|Award Show]]
|<ref>((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgxIAAAAIBAJ&dq=world+music+awards+2000+900+million+viewers&pg=PA11&article_id=3400,2526936 |title=Michael Jackson honored with the Artist of the Millennium award |publisher=The Victoria Advocate |language=en))</ref>
|-
|November 13, 2001
|[[Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration]]
|[[United States]]
|45,000,000
|[[Concert]]
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Michael Jackson Special To Re-Air, With Britney This Time |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/o4w5lb/michael-jackson-special-to-re-air-with-britney-this-time |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=MTV |language=en))</ref>
|-
|February 3–6, 2003
|[[Living with Michael Jackson]]
|[[United States|USA]] / [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|53,000,000 
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|<ref>((Cite news |last=White |first=Adam |date=2019-03-06 |title=Living With Michael Jackson: how Martin Bashir's stomach-churning documentary brought Neverland tumbling down |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/living-michael-jackson-martin-bashirs-stomach-churning-documentary/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235))</ref>
|-
|December 15, 2003
|                       [https://daphnebarak.com/our-son-michael-jackson/ Our Son: Michael Jackson]
|Worldwide
|1,000,000,000
|[[Documentary film|Documentary]]
|<ref>((Cite web |last=ottoman |date=2017-10-07 |title=Our Son: Michael Jackson |url=https://daphnebarak.com/our-son-michael-jackson/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Daphne Barak Official Website |language=en-US))</ref>
|-
|July 6, 2009
|[[Michael Jackson memorial service|Michael Jackson: Memorial Service]]
|Worldwide
|2,500,000,000
|[[Funeral]] 
|<ref>((Cite web |date=2014-08-07 |title=Hazarika''s funeral creates world record |url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=MSN News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807110046/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5592621 |archive-date=August 7, 2014 ))</ref>
|-
|
|              '''Total Viewership''' 
|'''Worldwide'''
|8,541,000,000
|
|
|-
|
|'''Average Viewership per broadcast'''
|'''United States'''
|64,490,000
|
|
|}

==Fashion==
[[File:Michael Jackson glove (8229092427).jpg|thumb|left|Jackson's rhinestone glove on display at the [[Museum of Pop Culture]] in Seattle, 2011]]
((Multiple image
| total_width       = 275
| image1            = Rally IMG 3412.CR2 (30862587485) (cropped).jpg
| image2            = George H. W. Bush with Michael Jackson (cropped).png
| footer            = [[Lady Gaga]] (left) wearing Jackson's (right) jacket from his 1990 visit to the [[White House]] at [[Hillary Clinton]]'s final campaign rally during the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. presidential election]]
))
The ''Rolling Stone'' editors describe Jackson as "one of the most intriguing personas (sic) in popular music, at once childlike and obsessed with control" and comment on his ubiquitous presence, "spotlit in his trademark red zippered jacket and white sequined glove".((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|pp=483–84)) Jackson often asked tailors to make him clothes that defied convention.<ref name="vogue 60th">((Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/michael-jackson-60th-birthday|title=60 Years Of Michael Jackson, The Fashion Icon|website=British Vogue|date=August 28, 2018|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930214156/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/michael-jackson-60th-birthday|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> His defiance led to a notable style that includes<ref name="vogue 60th"/> sequined gloves, a [[fedora]], red leather jackets, sequined jackets, [[aviator sunglasses]], black [[high-water pants|high-waisted pants]], white socks, and leather [[slip-on shoe|penny loafers]].<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 1988.</ref> Jackson was also interested in [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British royalty]] and military history, which resulted in his adoption of regalia and [[Full dress uniform|military jackets]].<ref name="vogue 60th"/> His jackets often had a single-colored armband on one sleeve.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/|title=Michael Jackson's Style Legacy, From Military Jackets To One Glove|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|website=MTV News|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930205643/http://www.mtv.com/news/1614819/michael-jacksons-style-legacy-from-military-jackets-to-one-glove/|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> At the height of his fame, Jackson inspired fashion trends around the world.<ref name="auto1" /> [[British Vogue|British ''Vogue'']] called him "a fashion pioneer [...] who gave new meaning to moonwalking, immortalised solitary, sparkly gloves, initiated the trophy jacket trend in the Eighties and was brave enough to couple dress with Madonna on the red carpet".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/michael-jacksons-style-26062009|title=Michael Jackson – A Tribute|website=British Vogue|date=June 26, 2009|access-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930212703/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/michael-jacksons-style-26062009|archive-date=September 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref>

Others have been influenced by Jackson's fashion sense. In 2012, [[Lady Gaga]] named Jackson as an inspiration. She owns around 400 pieces from his personal collection. In 2016, she wore Jackson's jacket from his 1990 visit to the [[White House]] at [[Hillary Clinton]]'s final campaign rally during the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 U.S. presidential election]].<ref>((Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7572357/lady-gaga-michael-jackson-jacket-hillary-clinton-rally|title=Lady Gaga Wore Michael Jackson's Jacket to Hillary Clinton's Final Rally|magazine=Billboard|date=November 8, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001000645/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7572357/lady-gaga-michael-jackson-jacket-hillary-clinton-rally|archive-date=October 1, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Also in 2016, Beyoncé honored Michael Jackson at [[Super Bowl 50]] by wearing a Jackson-inspired outfit, a black and gold military jacket similar to the one Jackson wore in his [[Super Bowl XXVII halftime show|Super Bowl halftime show]] in 1993.<ref>((Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/super-bowl-50-beyonc-paid-tribute-to-michael-jackson-in-halftime-show-a6860501.html |title=Beyoncé honoured Michael Jackson in Super Bowl halftime show |website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=February 8, 2016 |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331231702/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/super-bowl-50-beyonc-paid-tribute-to-michael-jackson-in-halftime-show-a6860501.html |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |url-status=live ))</ref>

==Visual arts==
[[File:100 Caras del Auditorio de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España, 2012-12-15, DD 04.jpg|thumb|left|Michael Jackson (bottom-center) was part of the artwork "100 Faces of the Tenerife Auditorium".]]
Jackson has been depicted by a large number of contemporary artists, including [[Jeff Koons]], [[Michael Craig-Martin]] and [[Grayson Perry]].<ref name="NPG/OnTheWall">((Cite web|url=https://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/michael-jackson-on-the-wall/exhibition/|title=Michael Jackson: On the Wall – Exhibition|publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London]]|access-date=November 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225015618/https://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/michael-jackson-on-the-wall/exhibition|archive-date=December 25, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> The [[silkscreen]] image of Jackson used on the cover of ''Time'' in 1984 was created by [[Andy Warhol]].<ref name="Time/Thriller" /> The final portrait Jackson commissioned before his death, by [[Kehinde Wiley]], portrayed him as [[Philip II of Spain]] in the manner of a painting by [[Pieter Paul Rubens]].<ref name="Dowd/BBC">((cite web|first=Vincent|last=Dowd|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-44615890|title=Michael Jackson: On the Wall exhibition explores images of the star|website=[[BBC News]]|date=June 27, 2018|access-date=March 27, 2020))</ref>

In June 2018 the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] in London opened an exhibition titled ''[[Michael Jackson: On the Wall]]'', featuring art inspired by Jackson and created by many leading artists. The curators stated that Jackson was "the most depicted cultural figure in visual art".<ref name="NPG/OnTheWall" /> The exhibition included the Warhol and Wiley pieces, and culminated in a 2005 film by [[Candice Breitz]] in which 16 young people are shown dancing to "Thriller".<ref name="Dowd/BBC" /> ''Guardian'' art critic [[Adrian Searle]] wrote that the singer's eccentricities and the common characterizations of him as "Ariel of the ghetto", a modern-day [[Baudelaire]] and [[Frankenstein's monster]] had provided artists with a wealth of imagery to explore in their work, and that as a muse he was "an inspiration, a model, a tragedy". Dick Zimmerman's portrait of Jackson used for Thriller is cited as "the world’s largest distributed portrait in history".<ref>((Cite web |title=Dick Zimmerman - "His iconic portrait of Michael Jackson used for the famed "Thriller" album cover is still the world's largest distributed portrait in history." |url=https://dickzimmerman.com/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |language=en-US))</ref><ref name="Searle/Guardian">((cite news|first=Adrian|last=Searle|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/jun/27/michael-jackson-on-the-wall-review-artists-dream-model-national-portrait-gallery-london|title=Michael Jackson: On the Wall review – king of pop as the ultimate muse|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=June 27, 2018|access-date=March 27, 2020))</ref>((refn|group=nb|''Michael Jackson: On the Wall'' was later displayed in Paris, Bonn and Espoo.<ref name="NPG/OnTheWall" />))

===Sculptures===
((See also|List of monuments and memorials to Michael Jackson))
[[File:Lage do Michael Jackson, Morro Santa Marta (RJ).JPG|thumb|right|Statue of Michael Jackson in Favela Santa Marta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
Most of statues and sculptures depicting Jackson are monuments dedicated to the music artist located across the world. Notable among them is the statue located in [[Favela Santa Marta]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], whose creation was announced the day after [[Death of Michael Jackson|Jackson's death]] by the mayor of the city, with the intention of dedicating a memorial to the artist.<ref>((cite web|last=Hennigan|first=Kerry|title=Michael's Lookout – Santa Marta Favela, Rio de Janeiro |website=Michael Jackson World Network |date=July 7, 2013|access-date=July 26, 2023 |url=https://www.mjworld.net/news/2013/07/07/michaels-lookout-santa-marta-favela-rio-de-janeiro/ ))</ref> Another significant example is the plaster and resin [[Statue of Michael Jackson (Fulham F.C.)|sculpture of Jackson]] that stood outside [[Craven Cottage]] in [[Fulham]], [[London]], the ground of [[Fulham Football Club]], from 2011 until 2013, which was later moved to the [[National Football Museum]] in [[Manchester]].<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302594 | title=Michael Jackson statue moves to National Football Museum | publisher=BBC News | date=May 6, 2014 | access-date=July 26, 2023))</ref> Other countries and territories where statues dedicated to Jackson have been unveiled since his death include [[Hong Kong]], [[Russia]], [[Italy]], [[Malaysia]], [[India]], [[China]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Currently, the country with the largest number of statues dedicated to Jackson is China. There are also some statues dating from before Jackson's death, such as the 10-foot sculpture of Jackson by [[Diana Walczak]] depicted on the cover of Jackson's ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I]]'' album, currently located in the lobby of the [[Mandalay Bay]] in [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise]], [[Nevada]].<ref>((cite news |last=Jones |first=Jay |title=Original Michael Jackson 'HIStory' statue comes to Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 12, 2016 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/deals/la-tr-las-vegas-michael-jackson-statue-20160811-snap-story.html))</ref>

On the other hand, there are other sculptural artworks depicting Jackson that are not monuments, such as the porcelain sculpture ''[[Michael Jackson and Bubbles]]'' by the American artist [[Jeff Koons]]. It was created in 1988 within the framework of Koons's [[Banality (sculpture series)|''Banality'' series]]. Apart from the artist's proof, which is currently on display at [[The Broad]] in [[Los Angeles]], three copies were made; one of them was sold at [[Sotheby's]] on 15 May 2001, when it was auctioned off to the record price of 5.6 million dollars,<ref>((cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1333396.stm | title=Jackson sculpture breaks record | publisher=[[BBC News]] | date=May 16, 2001 | access-date=July 26, 2023))</ref> and the other two are in the [[Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art]] in [[Oslo]]<ref>((Cite web |url=http://afmuseet.no/en/samlingen/utvalgte-kunstnere/k/jeff-koons |title=Astrup Fearnley Museet - Jeff Koons |access-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-date=January 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054906/http://afmuseet.no/en/samlingen/utvalgte-kunstnere/k/jeff-koons |url-status=dead ))</ref> and the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]],<ref>[http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/BID/0x0x103340/875e9a6e-84a4-43a8-8a9a-f6b43c26ece6/20010403-36478.pdf "Sotheby's New York to offer Jeff Koons' ''Michael Jackson and Bubbles'' for the first time at auction"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225811/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/BID/0x0x103340/875e9a6e-84a4-43a8-8a9a-f6b43c26ece6/20010403-36478.pdf |date=December 17, 2013 )), notification of [[Sotheby's]] New York (April 3, 2001). Retrieved April 1, 2013.</ref> respectively.

==Race politics==

Early in his career, Jackson and his family were often portrayed in the press as having risen out of black [[Ghetto|ghetto culture]]. This stereotype reinforced their standing as role models for American youth but, as a fabrication by Motown's publicity department, it displeased the family.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=488)) To many African-Americans, his youth and energy were a source of inspiration in the aftermath to [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King]]'s 1968 assassination, at a time when the country's [[Black Power movement|black-power]] and [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] movements were in disarray.<ref name="RS Superhero" /> Jackson became a notable figure in the [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] of US popular culture and music.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/28/michael.jackson.black.community/ |title=Michael Jackson broke down racial barriers - CNN.com |access-date=January 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416073636/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/06/28/michael.jackson.black.community |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="auto2"/> ''Off the Wall'' succeeded at a time when [[disco]] was perceived as inferior to [[Rock music|rock]] by critics.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21548-off-the-wall/|title=Michael Jackson: Off the Wall|website=Pitchfork|access-date=October 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030202407/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/21548-off-the-wall/|archive-date=October 30, 2019|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/from-billie-jean-to-beat-it-michael-jacksons-top-5-hits-of-all-time/the-enigma/slideshow/65590190.cms|title=From 'Billie Jean' to 'Beat It': Michael Jackson's Top 5 Hits Of All Time – The Enigma|website=The Economic Times|access-date=October 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121050252/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/from-billie-jean-to-beat-it-michael-jacksons-top-5-hits-of-all-time/the-enigma/slideshow/65590190.cms|archive-date=November 21, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> According to Vogel, one of the album's significant achievements was to integrate a diverse collection of talents from different races, cultures, and countries, and to coalesce them seamlessly into the record.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 1003.</ref>

"Billie Jean" was one of the first music videos by a black artist to be shown on [[MTV]], which hitherto had been a channel directed toward a white, rock-oriented audience.<ref name="Vogel K2018" /> Although the song was already a number one hit on the ''Billboard'' charts,((sfn|Tannenbaum|Marks|2011|p=143)) MTV initially refused to play the video because of the network's commitment to rock music.<ref name="Vogel K2018" /> When [[CBS Records International|CBS Records]] executive [[Walter Yetnikoff]] threatened to remove all of their products off MTV and expose its discriminatory policies, the network gave in.<ref name="Vogel K2018">Vogel, (Kindle location) 2018.</ref> According to Edmondson, "The video [for 'Thriller'] is often cited as the musical phenomenon that completed the racial integration of popular music begun in the rock 'n' roll era."((sfn|Edmondson|2013|p=593))

The success of ''Thriller'' not only broke down racial barriers in music but also in other areas of contemporary society. Critic [[Greg Tate]] said, "Black people cherished ''Thriller''(('))s breakthrough as if it were their own battering ram [against] [[apartheid]]."<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 568.</ref> Civil rights activist [[Al Sharpton]] commented, "Way before [[Tiger Woods]] or [[Barack Obama]], Michael made black people go pop-culture global." He also attributed Obama's [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign|presidential win]] to "a process that Michael helped America graduate to" as crossover fans and imitators grew up to become voters.<ref name="RS Superhero">((Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/michael-jackson-black-superhero-71199/|title=Michael Jackson: Black Superhero|author=Touré|date=June 26, 2014|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=March 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929202432/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/michael-jackson-black-superhero-71199/|archive-date=September 29, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> To some commentators in the 1980s, however, Jackson had betrayed his African-American roots, especially in his musical collaborations with former Beatle [[Paul McCartney]]—a point of criticism that Stanley says Jackson sought to address with his 1987 album ''[[Bad (album)|Bad]]''.((sfn|Stanley|2014|p=412))

The video for "Black or White" showed Jackson dancing with dancers of various ethnic groups and traditions, and the lyrics plead for racial tolerance and understanding.<ref>Childs, p. 44.</ref> In early 1993, he launched a $1.25&nbsp;million program to assist children affected by the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]] and, in a TV interview conducted by [[Oprah Winfrey]], discussed issues related to his African-American heritage and the abuse he suffered under his father. The viewer ratings for the show were among the highest in the history of US television.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=485))((refn|group=nb|The broadcast followed Jackson's halftime concert performance at [[Super Bowl XXVII]], in January, which ''Rolling Stone'' describes as "the most widely viewed entertainment event in [US] TV history" up to that time.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=485))))
 
In 1995 "[[They Don't Care About Us]]" was released as one of the singles from ''[[HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I|HIStory]]''.  In the mid-2010s, the track was used as an anthem for the [[Black Lives Matter]] movement.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 5472.</ref> The song, originally recorded as part of the ''[[Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)|Dangerous]]'' sessions, was inspired by the [[Rodney King|Rodney King beating]], which had led to the 1992 LA riots. The lyrics became more personal after Jackson felt dehumanized by the Santa Barbara County police's behavior during the [[1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson|investigation into the child sexual abuse accusations brought against him in 1993]].<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 5511.</ref>

"They Don't Care About Us" attracted controversy over its supposedly [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] lyrics. [[Bernard Weinraub]] of ''The New York Times'' cited the lines "''Jew me, sue me / Everybody do me / Kick me, [[kike]] me / Don’t you black or white me''" as "pointedly critical of Jews".<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 5479.</ref> Rabbi Abraham Cooper of the [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]] described the lyrics as "deeply disturbing" and potentially harmful to young people.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 5489.</ref> Jackson issued statements saying that his lyrics were about "the pain of prejudice and hate" and that the song was "a way to draw attention to social and political problems". He described himself as "the voice of the accused and the attacked".<ref>Vogel, (Kindle locations) 5482-5484.</ref> The lyrics were eventually edited out with muffles.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1995/06/23/michael-jackson-changes-his-tune-on-lyrics/bd138b88-c73c-4e4d-9bd2-5c1d3bf82952/|title=MICHAEL JACKSON CHANGES HIS TUNE ON LYRICS|first=Richard|last=Harrington|date=June 23, 1995|via=www.washingtonpost.com))</ref>

==Tabloid media==
((See also|Health and appearance of Michael Jackson))
((Blockquote|quote=The Michael Jackson cacophony is fascinating in that it is not about Jackson at all. I hope he has the good sense to know it and the good fortune to snatch his life out of the jaws of a carnivorous success. He will not swiftly be forgiven for having turned so many tables, for he damn sure grabbed the [[brass ring]], and the man who broke the bank at [[Monte Carlo Casino|Monte Carlo]] has nothing on Michael. All that noise is about America, as the dishonest custodian of black life and wealth; the blacks, especially males, in America; and the burning, buried American guilt; and sex and sexual roles and sexual panic; money, success, and despair—to all of which may now be added the bitter need to find a head on which to place the crown of Miss America.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.cusd80.com/cms/lib/AZ01001175/Centricity/Domain/1073/Full%20Text%20Here-be-Dragons-James-Baldwin.pdf|title=Here Be Dragons|last=Baldwin|first=James))</ref><ref>Baldwin, James. "Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood". ''Collected Essays''. 828. 1998.</ref>|author=[[James Baldwin]]|source="Freaks and the American Ideal of Manhood" (1985)
))

At the height of his fame, during the 1980s, Jackson began to embrace and perpetuate the public perception of his strangeness. Jackson (and his publicity team) and the media worked in tandem to cultivate this image.<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 2679.</ref> Early tabloid stories of his being obsessed with the [[Joseph Merrick|Elephant Man]]'s bones and sleeping in an "oxygen chamber" were possibly [[publicity stunt]]s. Around this time, the tabloid newspaper ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' began nicknaming Jackson "Wacko Jacko", a name he came to despise. Other tabloids and media outlets soon followed. The nickname stayed with Jackson for the rest of his career. Stories about him gradually turned negative. In Vogel's description: "Critics maligned him for buying the Beatles catalog [in 1985], mocked his changing appearance, called him a sissy, questioned whether he actually wrote his songs, reduced his art to commercial ephemera."<ref>Vogel, (Kindle location) 2729.</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/09/how-michael-jackson-made-bad/262162/|title=How Michael Jackson Made 'Bad'|first=Joseph|last=Vogel|date=September 10, 2012|website=The Atlantic|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218073140/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/09/how-michael-jackson-made-bad/262162/|archive-date=December 18, 2016|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/31/AR2007083101466.html|title=The Michael Vicks of Yore|via=www.washingtonpost.com|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031155940/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/31/AR2007083101466.html|archive-date=October 31, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> His marriage to [[Lisa Marie Presley]] and rumours of him undergoing skin-whitening and other cosmetic surgery furthered the controversy surrounding Jackson's image and made him the subject of sensationalist biographies.((sfn|Kooijman|2006|pp=119–20))

Writing in British ''Vogue'' in 1987, [[Barney Hoskyns]] said that Jackson occupied a "superstar stratosphere of his own" and part of the public's misunderstanding of the star was "because we so ''want'' to know him – as we want to know anyone that famous". Hoskyns described the tabloid image of Jackson as "despicable ... distortions", but nevertheless opined: "Michael Jackson represents a terrible, pitiful corruption of what a twenty-nine-year-old human being really should be ... His neurotic obsession with perfecting his physical appearance apparently knows no bounds. And his inability to enjoy meaningful relations with anyone except animals, small children and cartoon characters has become ridiculous. This is, in short, a singularly maladjusted young man."<ref name="Hoskyns/Vogue">((cite magazine|first=Barney|last=Hoskyns|title=The Madness of Michael|magazine=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=December 1987)) Available at [https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-madness-of-michael Rock's Backpages] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909001628/http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-madness-of-michael |date=September 9, 2016 )) (subscription required).</ref> The ''Rolling Stone'' editors also attribute the media speculation partly to the singer's elusiveness and obsession with privacy, and add: "the massive public soul-searching the [1993] allegations against Jackson inspired were but one indication of the almost inestimable role he has played in shaping not only pop music but pop culture."((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=484))

Scholars have described the widely acknowledged and often polarizing perception of Jackson as a [[Postmodernism|postmodern]] spectacle, causing the "real Michael Jackson" to remain elusive. In an article for ''Popular Music & Society'', Brian Rossiter commented: "The media, aware of the marketable potential of Jackson's ambiguities, consistently used them to manufacture the notion of an authentic or private self behind his public persona. […] Audiences were always given liberty to select which Michael Jackson they deemed to be the real or authentic one […]."<ref>Rossiter, p. 205.</ref>

Susan Fast, writing for the same publication, gives a more sympathetic view of Jackson: "While some of [his] difference was demonstrated through what was viewed in the mass media as 'eccentric' behavior […] it was really his more substantive(sic), underlying differences that were most troubling—racial, gendered, able-bodied/disabled, child/teenager/adult, adult man who loved children, father/mother." She writes that Jackson's persona was "so unsettling to the hegemonic order that it had to be contained through ridicule, misinterpretation, [[sensationalism]], and finally criminal [[indictment]]".<ref>Fast, p. 261.</ref> It is generally regarded as unusual for a man to want to be a single parent, Fast continues, to adore children like a mother; the thought of a man obsessed with cosmetics and appearance agitated the public to disbelieve the idea of him being an object of [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] desire. Fast argues that such perceptions, which stemmed from anxieties of [[masculinity]], despite the fact that he created highly heterosexual art like "Black or White" and "[[In the Closet]]";<ref>Fast, p. 264.</ref> and that this idea extended to the public perception of [[Trial of Michael Jackson|Jackson's alleged child molestation]].<ref>Fast, p. 265.</ref>
((Clear))

==Global impact==
Ben Beaumont-Thomas, music editor for ''[[The Guardian]]'', said Jackson "ushered in a global culture" and that his impact extended into "areas previously untouched by Western pop culture".<ref name="theguardian">((cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jun/25/five-ways-michael-jackson-influence-lives-on?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C3576005891|work=The Guardian|title=Michael Jackson: Five years after his death, how his influence lives on|access-date=July 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031812/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jun/25/five-ways-michael-jackson-influence-lives-on?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C3576005891|archive-date=December 1, 2017|url-status=live))</ref> At the [[1989 Soul Train Music Awards]], actress [[Elizabeth Taylor]] dubbed Jackson the "King of Pop, Rock & Soul".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2014/04/16/michael-jackson-king-of-pop-rock-and-soul-and-hip-hop/|title=Michael Jackson: King Of Pop, Rock And Soul--And Hip-Hop?|last=Greenburg|first=Zack O'Malley|website=Forbes|access-date=April 4, 2020))</ref> In the coming years, Jackson declared himself to be the "King of Pop",((sfn|Stanley|2014|p=413)) a moniker that was widely accepted as accurate.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=483))

===In Africa===
Jackson first visited Africa in 1974 with the Jackson 5, a visit that inspired his ''Bad'' single "[[Liberian Girl]]".<ref name="Shields/OkayAfrica">((Cite web|first=Derica|last=Shields|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/michael-jackson-in-africa/|title=Michael Jackson In Africa|date=August 29, 2013|website=[[OkayAfrica]]|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003233100/https://www.okayafrica.com/michael-jackson-in-africa/|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Along with Jackson compositions such as "[[Heal the World]]" and "[[We Are the World]]", fans from [[Liberia]] found the song uplifting and his message resonated there in a climate of [[First Liberian Civil War|civil war]] and [[List of war crimes#1990–2000: Liberia / Sierra Leone|human atrocities]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jul/2/king-of-pop-uplifts-liberia/|title=Memory of Michael Jackson uplifts Liberia|author=The Washington Times|website=[[The Washington Times]]|date=July 2, 2009|access-date=March 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003233059/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jul/2/king-of-pop-uplifts-liberia/|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=live))</ref>

In 1992, Jackson carried out a five-nation African cultural tour,((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=485)) intent on visiting "orphanages, children's hospitals, churches, schools and playgrounds".<ref name="Shields/OkayAfrica" /> Jackson's trip was a huge success as his visit drew more spectators in Gabon than Nelson Mandela and more in the Ivory Coast than the Pope, "From his sunset arrival in Gabon, where more than 100,000 people greeted him with spiritual bedlam".<ref>((Cite web |title=BBC World Service - The Documentary, Michael Jackson: The Thrill Of Thriller |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00zfxhf |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC |language=en-GB))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Company |first=Johnson Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34 |title=Ebony |date=May 1992 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |language=en))</ref> While in [[Côte d'Ivoire]], he was crowned king of the [[Anyi people|Agni people]] in the [[Kingdom of Sanwi]].<ref>((Cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/528931/when-michael-jackson-was-crowned-king-a-small-african-nation|first=Suzanne|last=Raga|title=When King of Pop Michael Jackson Was Officially Crowned King of a Small African Nation|date=June 25, 2018|website=[[Mental Floss]]|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003233100/http://mentalfloss.com/article/528931/when-michael-jackson-was-crowned-king-a-small-african-nation|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5965126/Royal-Ivory-Coast-funeral-for-tribe-prince-Michael-Jackson.html|title=Royal Ivory Coast funeral for tribe 'prince' Michael Jackson|first=Mike Pflanz, West African|last=Correspondent|date=August 3, 2009|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=October 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119173217/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5965126/Royal-Ivory-Coast-funeral-for-tribe-prince-Michael-Jackson.html|archive-date=November 19, 2019|url-status=live))</ref> Later that year, he established the [[Heal the World Foundation]] to raise awareness of social issues related to children.((sfn|Romanowski|George-Warren|1995|p=485)) In 2016 [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]], then President of [[Ghana]], referred to "Heal the World" in a speech at the [[United Nations General Assembly|U.N. General Assembly]] to encourage [[globalization]] and acceptance of refugees, and to denounce [[xenophobia]].<ref>((Cite news|first=John|last=Irish|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-ghana-idUSKCN11R2X6|title=Ghana leader tells U.N. to dance to tune of Michael Jackson|date=September 21, 2016|work=Reuters|access-date=October 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003233058/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-ghana-idUSKCN11R2X6|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=live))</ref>

Until 1994, with the fall of apartheid in South Africa, Jackson was the only artist whose songs were played on white pop stations and black R&B stations there. According to [[Metro FM]] presenter Lupi Ngcayisa, his lyrics "forced black families to debate issues surrounding individualism and race".<ref name="auto1" /> South African R&B artist Loyiso Bala, of [[the Bala Brothers]], likened Jackson's impact to [[Nelson Mandela]] and said that as a black boy growing up in a township, "you either wanted to be Michael Jackson or a [[freedom fighter]].<ref name="auto1">((Cite web|author=Billboard (New York) |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-global-sb/michael-jacksons-music-had-impact-around-the-globe-idUSTRE5624OT20090704 |title=Michael Jackson's music had impact around the globe|access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007063232/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-jackson-global-sb/michael-jacksons-music-had-impact-around-the-globe-idUSTRE5624OT20090704 |work=[[Reuters]]|date=July 4, 2009|archive-date=October 7, 2019 |url-status=live ))</ref>

===In Brazil===
In 1996 Jackson visited [[Favela Santa Marta|Santa Marta]], a favela in [[Rio de Janeiro]], to film one of the videos for "[[They Don't Care About Us]]". Initially, Rio's local government was concerned that Jackson would show the world an unflattering picture of poverty, which might affect tourism, and accused Jackson of exploiting the poor. Others supported Jackson's wish to highlight the problems of the region, arguing that the government was embarrassed by its own failings. A judge banned all filming but this ruling was overturned by an injunction.

Speaking of the music video in ''The New Brazilian Cinema'', Lúcia Nagib commented: "When Michael Jackson decided to shoot his new music video in a [[favela]] of Rio de Janeiro [...] he used the favela people as extras in a visual super-spectacle [...]. The interesting aspect of Michael Jackson's strategy is the efficiency with which it gives visibility to poverty and social problems in countries like Brazil without resorting to traditional political discourse. The problematic aspect is that it does not entail a real intervention in that poverty."<ref>((cite book|last= Nagib |first= Lúcia |title= The New Brazilian Cinema |url= https://archive.org/details/newbraziliancine00nagi_659 |url-access= limited |year= 2003 |publisher= I.B.Tauris |page= [https://archive.org/details/newbraziliancine00nagi_659/page/n151 123] |isbn= 1-86064-928-9))</ref> In 2009, [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] described the area as "now a model for social development" and claimed that Jackson's influence was partially responsible for this improvement.<ref name="Billboard">((cite magazine |url= https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268216/michael-jackson-remains-a-global-phenomenon |title= Michael Jackson Remains A Global Phenomenon |magazine= Billboard |date= July 2, 2009 |access-date= June 10, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130423120818/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268216/michael-jackson-remains-a-global-phenomenon |archive-date= April 23, 2013 |url-status= live ))</ref>

==Influence on other performers==
[[Beyoncé|Beyoncé]] said Jackson was beyond her major musical influence. Aged five, she went to see Jackson in concert for the first time, and claims to have realized her sole purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, she said, "If it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed." During her performance at the Super Bowl 50 halftime show, she paid tribute to Jackson in an outfit similar to the one Jackson wore during his 1993 Super Bowl halftime performance.<ref>((cite news|title=One-on-one with the great Beyoncé transcript|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/sunday-night/transcripts/a/10444014/one-on-one-with-the-great-beyoncae-transcript/|access-date=June 7, 2014|publisher=Yahoo!|date=October 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714113707/https://au.news.yahoo.com/sunday-night/transcripts/a/10444014/one-on-one-with-the-great-beyoncae-transcript/|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=Michael Jackson returns to stage|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6152976.stm| url-status=live | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6152976.stm| archive-date=October 27, 2021|access-date=June 7, 2014|work=BBC News|date=November 16, 2006))((cbignore))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/photo-gallery/37183244/image/37369509/Her-biggest-musical-influence-Michael-Jackson|title=Her biggest musical influence is Michael Jackson.|first=Britt|last=Stephens|date=September 4, 2016|website=POPSUGAR Celebrity))</ref>

His sister [[Janet Jackson]] has credited Jackson as one of her musical influences. Having stated, "When [[Thriller (album)|''Thriller'']] came, I was so envious. It was so incredible. I was so happy for him but it was like, 'Why can't that be me? That's what I want to do.' That's what inspired me to do [[Control (Janet Jackson album)|''Control'']]."<ref>((Cite web |last=Ritz |first=David |date=October 1, 1998 |title=Sex, sadness & the triumph of Janet Jackson |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938082/sex_sadness__the_triumph_of_janet_jackson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824000643/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5938082/sex_sadness__the_triumph_of_janet_jackson |archive-date=August 24, 2007 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |website=Rolling Stone))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last=Reid |first=Antonio "LA" |date=April 15, 2004 |title=The Immortals - The Greatest Artists of All Time: 35) Michael Jackson |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/michaeljackson/articles/story/5940053/the_immortals__the_greatest_artists_of_all_time_35_michael_jackson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081206233844/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/michaeljackson/articles/story/5940053/the_immortals__the_greatest_artists_of_all_time_35_michael_jackson |archive-date=December 6, 2008 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |website=Rolling Stone))</ref>

[[Lady Gaga]] has named Jackson as a source of her influence, both musically and fashionably.<ref>((cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-06-23/entertainment/michael.jackson.fashion_1_michael-jackson-jackson-s-book-lady-gaga?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ|publisher=CNN|title=Michael Jackson's style influence lives on|date=June 23, 2010|access-date=December 6, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216080706/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-06-23/entertainment/michael.jackson.fashion_1_michael-jackson-jackson-s-book-lady-gaga?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ | archive-date=December 16, 2012 | url-status=dead))</ref> She owns around 400 pieces from his personal collection. In 2016, she wore Jackson's jacket from his 1990 visit to the White House at Hillary Clinton's final campaign rally, during the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<ref>((Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/lady-gaga-michael-jackson-jacket-hillary-clinton-rally-7572357/|title=Lady Gaga Wore Michael Jackson's Jacket to Hillary Clinton's Final Rally|first=Dominique|last=Redfearn|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=November 8, 2016))</ref>

[[Chris Brown]] has cited Michael Jackson as his biggest inspiration of all time,<ref>((Cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/2011/05/02/chris-brown-michael-jackson-she-aint-you-video/|title=Chris Brown pays homage to his idol Michael Jackson in 'She Ain't You' video: Watch here|first1=Brad Wete Updated|last1=May 02|first2=2011 at 04:21 PM|last2=EDT|website=EW.com))</ref> stating "Michael Jackson is the reason why I do music and the reason I am an entertainer." Furthermore, Brown has stated, "Being able to see Michael Jackson's success, to be able to inspire the world as well as his talent and musical ability, his eye for detail – automatically inspires me to try to be better and try to be great. He was great, so I always want to make him proud".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://beat.com.au/chris-brown-up-close-and-personal-never-too-f-a-m-o-u-s/|title=Chris Brown : Up Close And Personal: Never Too F.A.M.O.U.S|date=March 16, 2011|website=Beat Magazine))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/433306/michael-jackson-s-top-9-celeb-imitators-chris-brown-justin-timberlake-britney-spears-and-more|title=Michael Jackson's Top 9 Celeb Imitators: Chris Brown, Justin Timberlake, Britney Spears and More!|date=June 25, 2013|website=E! Online))</ref>

[[Justin Timberlake]] named Jackson as an influence for multiple generations including himself,<ref>((Cite web|url=https://people.com/celebrity/justin-timberlake-praises-michael-jacksons-genius/|title=Justin Timberlake Praises Michael Jackson's Genius))</ref> saying that "To create the things he created with his music is untouchable. He opened the mind of the world to be able to do that through music... It's a feat not accomplished by many people, maybe only a handful of people. I don't think anyone ever did it like him".<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.showbizspy.com/article/188706/justin-timberlake-michael-jackson-will-always-will-be-the-king-of-pop.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127234043/http://www.showbizspy.com/article/188706/justin-timberlake-michael-jackson-will-always-will-be-the-king-of-pop.html | archive-date=November 27, 2012 | title=Justin Timberlake: 'Michael Jackson Will Always Will be the King of Pop' « Showbiz Spy – celebrity news, rumors & gossip ))</ref>

[[Usher (musician)|Usher]] has on many occasions named Jackson as his biggest influence. Usher once told MTV, "He influenced me in so many ways, more than music . ... as a humanitarian, as a philanthropist, as an artist, as an individual who transcended culture. I wouldn't be who I am today without Michael Jackson." On another occasion, Usher said "Mike is the truth and you can never deny the truth. That great choreography and great energy that Michael puts behind it [entertainers] try to re-create that feeling. I try to take different kinds of dance and apply it in the same way Michael did in 'Thriller,' 'Beat It' and 'Off the Wall.'" Additionally, he stated, "You can't say you are an artist in this century and wasn't inspired by Michael ... and I'm always gonna remember. I'll be a fan for life." During a television special 'Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special', Usher was able to dance with Jackson while performing "[[You Rock My World]]".<ref>((Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Music/11/01/usher/|title=CNN.com - Usher, Usher, Usher: The new 'King of Pop'? - Nov 1, 2004|website=edition.cnn.com))</ref>

[[Celine Dion]] cited Jackson as a major motivation for her to learn English as early as the 1980s. After seeing Jackson and being inspired by his performance when she was still just 18, Celine announced to her manager that she wanted to be a megastar like Michael Jackson.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.thethings.com/20-little-known-facts-about-celine-dions-rise-to-fame/|title=20 Little Known Facts About Celine Dion's Rise To Fame|first=Steven|last=Dicarlo|date=January 27, 2020|website=TheThings))</ref>

[[Amy Winehouse]], who died in 2011, is quoted in a 2004 interview talking about the type of house she grew up in, "For me it was Michael Jackson. I could never decide whether I wanted to be Michael Jackson or marry him. I don't care what people say about him now because he's a fucking genius."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/feb/27/amywinehouse|title=Frank opinions))</ref>

[[Kanye West]] has praised Jackson multiple times in interviews and name dropping him in multiple songs for his influence on music and pop culture. West credited Jackson for his inspiration to make his 2008 album ''[[808s & Heartbreak]]'' as he mentioned that when the pair met in New York City a year prior, West had played him "[[Good Life (Kanye West song)|Good Life]]" and said Jackson loved his singing voice. In 2016, Jackson’s daughter Paris stated that her father loved the album and that her introduction to West was because of Jackson playing it for when she was younger.<ref>((Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Kanye West shares Michael Jackson 'told me I could sing' |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/401518-kanye-west-michael-jackson-told-me-i-could-sing |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Geo.tv |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web |date=2013-09-24 |title=Kanye owes career to Michael Jackson |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a518102/kanye-west-owes-career-to-michael-jackson-he-had-to-fight/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Digital Spy |language=en-GB))</ref>

In 2012, [[Justin Bieber]] said, "music is music, and I'm definitely influenced by Michael Jackson and Boyz II Men and people who were black artists - that's what I like." Bieber has also cited Jackson as his biggest musical influence. In an interview, Bieber also said "he's an icon" and said "Every time I go out and perform, I'm always trying to be the best and that's what he always did... And there's never gonna be another Michael Jackson as long as anyone lives. I think that he's just incredible and it's an honor to be here."<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/01/justin-bieber-on-his-musical-inspirations-his-fans-and-trying-to-be-a-regular-kid|title=Justin Bieber on His Musical Inspirations, His Fans, and Trying to Be a Regular Kid &#124; Blogs &#124; Vanity Fair|website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=July 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712223416/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/01/justin-bieber-on-his-musical-inspirations-his-fans-and-trying-to-be-a-regular-kid |archive-date=July 12, 2012 ))</ref>

[[Bruno Mars]] explained, "Because the details, the attention to detail he did on everything he was a part of, you can look at what made him so iconic, the glove, the hat, the dancing, the music videos, the way he sang when he sang, everything he did was Michael Jackson and just kind of stamped that on the world."<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/bruno-mars-every-artist-should-1464017|title=Bruno Mars: Every artist should want to be like Michael Jackson|first=Rick|last=Fulton|date=November 30, 2012|website=Daily Record))</ref>

[[The Weeknd]] cited Jackson as an influence on his artistry "I found my falsetto, because of ''Off The Wall'' [and] "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"...I always use Michael [Jackson] as, first and foremost, a vocal inspiration, and ''Off the Wall'' was definitely the one that made me feel like I could sing."<ref>((Cite web |last=Mallenbaum |first=Carly |title=The Weeknd explains how he found his falsetto |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/01/12/the-weeknd-michael-jackson/78711268/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US))</ref>

[[Kevin Parker (musician)|Kevin Parker]] of [[Tame Impala]] talked about his love for Jackson in a 2013 interview, stating when he was a kid: "My brother Steve, who was a few years older than me, had Bad on tape and I remember listening to Smooth Criminal and just thinking it was the coolest thing ever. I must have been five or six at the time and I remember walking around school by myself thinking I was Michael Jackson. I wasn't dancing, exactly – more like walking musically. It seemed like a good idea at the time."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/28/kevin-parker-soundtrack-my-life|title=Kevin Parker: soundtrack of my life))</ref>

Nigerian Duo [[P-Square]] has named Jackson as their major music inspiration. In the late 1990s, the dancing group they belonged to majorly mimed and choreographed MJ's songs and dance routines. And that was when they realized their purpose as entertainers. They were also not only influenced by Jackson’s music but also Fashion. The costumes for their [[The Invasion (album)|Invasion]] Album Cover was inspired by MJ’s Fashion Style.<ref>((cite web |date=2013-06-21 |title=Psquare Celebrates Michael Jackson in Latest Release |url=https://www.gistmaster.com/2013/06/psquare-celebrates-michael-jackson-in.html |access-date=2023-10-23 ))</ref>

South Korean band [[BTS]] has cited Jackson as a major influence. They were praised by Jackson's son, Prince Michael, who said: "Obviously, they've taken huge influence from your dad like 'Dynamite', the choreography was very MJ influenced and... one of the latest songs 'Butter' started with 'smooth like butter, like a criminal undercover.' already getting that 'Smooth Criminal' reference in there."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/michael-jacksons-son-praises-bts-paying-tribute-his-father-through-butter-dynamite-3308045|title=Michael Jackson's Son Praises BTS For Paying Tribute To His Father|first=Jennifer|last=Manongdo|date=October 1, 2021|website=International Business Times))</ref>

[[Jason Derulo]]'s music mostly consists of pop, but incorporates R&B and hip-hop influences. He predominantly names Michael Jackson as his inspiration. Derulo states, "He is the reason I am who I am today. When I was four years old, I saw him for the first time. I saw how he moved the crowd and how people were just so touched."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/big-read/2017-06-06-full-details-behind-rnb-star-jason-derulos-kenyan-visit/|title=Full details behind RnB star Jason Derulo's Kenyan visit|website=The Star))</ref>

"[[Euphoria (American TV series)|Euphoria]]" star, actress, and singer [[Zendaya]] says she has always looked up to Michael Jackson: "I’ve loved Michael Jackson since the minute I was born. He’s probably the most talented person ever. He was able to create such an amazing career and be probably the biggest star we’ve ever had. But also, never did he cuss in his songs. He always had a positive way of doing what he did. He had such a love for the art of music and tried to make people feel better through that."<ref>((Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4093271/zendaya-interview-influential-teen/|title=Zendaya: I'm Not a Role Model 'Because I'm Not Playing a Role'|date=November 2, 2015|magazine=Time))</ref>

[[Chris Cornell]], the member of bands [[Soundgarden]] and [[Audioslave]] talked about Jackson after his death in 2009, stating, "The next thing that had a clear impact was when I was already a musician, probably about 18 years old, and was working in restaurants but was also starting different bands at the time, and was obviously watching MTV all the time, just to see what was on it. I wasn’t a fan of most of it. Then, “Thriller” happened, and to see that shift from pretty much an entirely white audience watching an entirely white music channel change because of this one guy — he didn’t just get some videos sent there, like me and my friends did on 120 Minutes at 1 a.m. on a Sunday — he took over. His videos were played the same amount Madonna videos were played. I remember the first two, especially, had an amazing energy. “Beat It” was an incredible video."<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/michael-jackson-remembered-chris-cornell-on-the-power-of-billie-jean-95849/|title=Michael Jackson Remembered: Chris Cornell on the Power of “Billie Jean”))</ref>

[[Ciara]] has cited [[Michael Jackson]] as one of her biggest influences. Ciara spoke of Michael Jackson's legacy, "Whenever someone asks me who inspires me to do what I do, I always say Michael. That's it for me. He's everything to me. He's really a part of the reason why. He's going to be remembered in so many ways for me. I feel it's important for me to continue to let my generation know how important he was to music."<ref>((Cite web |title=Rap-Up TV: Ciara Remembers Michael Jackson |url=https://www.rap-up.com/rap-up-tv/rap-up-tv-ciara-remembers-michael-jackson/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Rap-Up |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web |last=Folk |first=Antwane |date=2013-07-09 |title=Ciara Talks Michael Jackson's Influence, Performs 'I'm Out' on 'Good Morning America' |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2013/07/ciara-talks-michael-jacksons-influence-performs-im-out-on-good-morning-america/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=Rated R&B |language=en-US))</ref>

[[Ne-Yo]] has said Michael Jackson is one of his main inspirations. "Michael Jackson is one of the reasons why I sing. When we met he was really cool people. He was really regular people."<ref>((Cite web |last=Adams |first=Cameron |date=August 14, 2008 |title=Ne-Yo goes solo after penning hits for Beyonce and Rihanna |url=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,24173707-5003421,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130902135052/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/ne-yo-writes-his-own-hit/story-e6freon6-1111117181279 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |access-date=February 29, 2024 |website=The Courier Mail))</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Michael Jackson games]]

==Notes==
((Reflist|group=nb))

==References==
===Citations===
((Reflist))

===Bibliography===
((refbegin|30em))
* Brackett, David. "Black or White? Michael Jackson and the Idea of Crossover." ''Popular Music & Society'' 35, no. 2 (May 2012): 169–85. doi:10.1080/03007766.2011.616301.
* Broertjes, Andrew. "‘He's Sending His People Messages out of His Pain’: Michael Jackson and the Black Community." ''Popular Music & Society'' 36, no. 5 (December 2013): 677–98. doi:10.1080/03007766.2012.745336.
* ((cite book|last=Cateforis|first=Theo|title=Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s|year=2011|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|isbn=978-0-472-03470-3))
* Childs, Peter. "Pop Video: Michael Jackson's ‘Thriller’ and ‘Race’: Approach: ‘Race’ Studies." In Texts: Contemporary Cultural Texts and Critical Approaches. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
* ((cite book|last=Doggett|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Doggett|year=2015|title=Electric Shock: From the Gramophone to the iPhone – 125 Years of Pop Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guSsCAAAQBAJ&q=Michael+Jackson|publisher=The Bodley Head|location=London|isbn=978-1-84792-218-2))
* ((cite book|last=Edmondson|first=Jacqueline |title=Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ&q=%22Michael+Jackson%22|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-0-313-39348-8))
* Fast, Susan. "Difference That Exceeded Understanding: Remembering Michael Jackson (1958–2009)." ''Popular Music & Society'' 33, no. 2 (May 2010): 259–66. doi:10.1080/03007761003640574.
* Flory, Andrew. ''I Hear a Symphony: Motown and Crossover R&B''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017. ((ISBN|978-0472036868))
* Harper, Phillip Brian. "Synesthesia, "Crossover", and Blacks in Popular Music." Social Text, no. 23 (1989). doi:10.2307/466423.
* Hidalgo, Susan, and Robert G. Weiner. "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin': MJ in the Scholarly Literature: A Selected Bibliographic Guide". ''The Journal of Pan African Studies'', 3, no. 7. (March 2010): 14-28.
* ((cite book|last=Kooijman|first=Jaap|chapter=Michael Jackson: ''Motown 25'', Pasadena Civic Auditorium; March 25, 1983|title=Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time|editor-last=Inglis|editor-first=Ian|publisher=Ashgate|location=Aldershot, UK|year=2006|isbn=0-7546-4057-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7Pyrk-Koq4C&q=moonwalk))
* Longhurst, Brian. ''Popular Music and Society''. Polity Press, 2007. ((ISBN|978-0745631639))
* Oliete, Elena. "Michael, Are You OK? You've Been Hit by a Smooth Criminal: Racism, Controversy, and Parody in the Videos 'Smooth Criminal' and 'You Rock My World'." Studies in Popular Culture 29, no. 1 (2006). 
* Roberts, Tamara. "Michael Jackson's Kingdom: Music, Race, and the Sound of the Mainstream." ''Journal of Popular Music Studies (Wiley-Blackwell)'' 23, no. 1 (March 2011): 19–39.
* Roberts, Tamara, and Brandi Wilkins Catanese. "Michael Jackson in/as U.S. Popular Culture." ''Journal of Popular Music Studies (Wiley-Blackwell)'' 23, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–2. doi:10.1111/j.1533-1598.2010.01260.x.
* ((cite book|editor1-first=Patricia|editor1-last=Romanowski|editor2-first=Holly|editor2-last=George-Warren|title=The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll|publisher=Fireside/Rolling Stone Press|year=1995|location=New York|isbn=0-684-81044-1))
* Rossiter, Brian. "‘They Don’t Care About Us’: Michael Jackson's Black Nationalism." ''Popular Music & Society'' 35, no. 2 (May 2012): 203–22. doi:10.1080/03007766.2011.618050.
* ((cite book|last=Stanley|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Stanley (musician)|title=Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!: The Story of Pop Music from Bill Haley to Beyoncé|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kebvrQEACAAJ|year=2014|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=978-0-393-24269-0))
* ((cite book|author1-first=Rob|author1-last=Tannenbaum|author2-first=Craig|author2-last=Marks|title=I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution|publisher=Plume|year=2011|location=New York|isbn=978-0-525-95230-5))
* Vogel, Joseph. ''Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson''. Vintage, 2019. ((ISBN|9780525566588))
* Warwick, Jacqueline. "‘You Can’t Win, Child, but You Can’t Get Out of the Game’: Michael Jackson's Transition from Child Star to Superstar." ''Popular Music & Society'' 35, no. 2 (May 2012): 241–59. doi:10.1080/03007766.2011.618052.
((refend))

((Michael Jackson))
((Pop music))

[[Category:Michael Jackson]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Michael Jackson]]
[[Category:Cultural impact by musician|Jackson, Michael]]
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