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'''Film tourism''', or '''film induced tourism''', is a specialized or niche form of [[tourism]] where visitors explore locations and destinations which have become popular due to their appearance in [[films]] and [[television series]].<ref>((cite web |last1=Zimmermann |first1=Stefan |title=''Reisen in den Film'', Filmtourismus in Nordafrika |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238731973 |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref> The term also encompasses tours to [[production studio]]s as well as movies or television-related parks.<ref>((cite book |last1=Beeton |first1=Sue |title=Film-induced Tourism |date=2005 |publisher=Channel View Publications |location=United Kingdom |pages=270 |isbn=9781845410148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z1i3VcYyGQC |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref> This is supported by several regression analyses that suggest a high correlation between destinations taking a proactive approach in order to encourage producers/studios to film at their location, and the tourism success in the area after the release of the movie.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Hudgson & Richie |title=Film tourism and destination marketing: The case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin |journal=Journal of Travel Research |date=1 May 2006 |doi=10.1177/0047287506286720|s2cid=59390486 ))</ref> This is consistent with induced demand theory. When the supply increases, in the form of media exposure to areas that were not regarded as tourist hotspots, the number of visitors increases, even though the majority of these new visitors would not have necessarily visited these areas previously. This is exemplified by a Travelsat Competitive Index study that indicated that in 2017 alone, approximately 80 million tourists made the decision to travel to a destination based primarily on its feature in a television series or film. This figure has doubled since 2015.((citation needed|date=June 2022))

== Overview ==
Film-induced tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in tourism currently.<ref>((cite web |last1=Berning |first1=Leonie |title=Exploring the Benefits of Film Tourism |url=https://www.tourismtattler.com/articles/niche-tourism/exploring-the-benefits-of-film-tourism/ |website=tourismtattler.com |date=20 May 2019 |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref> It emerged as a prominent form of tourism in the 1990s. Before its emergence as a unique driver of the tourism industry, there were brief mentions of the phenomenon of film tourism by academics and anecdotal mentions.

In 1996, the British Tourism Association became the first tourism agency to capitalize on film tourism by publishing a map of [[Great Britain]] with movie locations marked on it.<ref>((cite web |title=50 Years Timeline - 1990 to 1999 |url=https://www.visitbritain.org/50-years-timeline-1990-1999 |website=visitbritian.org |date=4 June 2019 |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref>

This increasing popularity of film tourism is due to the rise of international travel, the rapid growth of the entertainment industry, and cult-like celebrity status.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Hudson |first1=Simon |last2=Ritchie |first2=J. R. B |title=Film tourism and destination marketing: The case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin |journal=Journal of Vacation Marketing |date=1 July 2006 |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=256 |doi=10.1177/1356766706064619 |s2cid=154626650 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1356766706064619#:~:text=Film%20tourism%20and%20destination%20marketing,Hudson%2C%20J.%20R.%20Brent%20Ritchie%2C%202006))</ref>

For destinations, films provide long-term tourism revenue. The appearance of a particular area in a film or television can have a huge effect on the number of visitors of an already existing place and create a new kind of tourism to the area and generate a boost for the [[local economy]]. On average, a film can increase tourism and revenue by almost 31%.<ref>((cite web |title=Popular Movies Can Increase Tourism to the Film's Location between 25%-300% |url=https://championtraveler.com/news/popular-movies-can-increase-tourism-to-the-films-location-between-25-300/#:~:text=When%20we%20totaled%20up%20all,the%20featured%20location%20by%2031%25 |website=championtraveler.com |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref>

In [[New Zealand]], fans of [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of The Rings movie]] series visit New Zealand, where most of the movie scenes were shot. The movies increased the annual tourist influx to New Zealand from US$1.7 million in 2000 to US$2.4 million in 2004, a 40 percent surge.<ref>((cite web |last1=Gilsdorf |first1=Ethan |title=Cities both big and small are offering tours of film locations |url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2006-11-09-movie-tourism_x.htm |website=usatoday30.usatoday.com |accessdate=11 September 2006))</ref><ref>((cite web |last1=Croy |first1=W |title=The Lord of the Rings, New Zealand and Tourism: Image Building with Film |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238679456 |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=10 September 2020))</ref>

In [[United Kingdom|Britain]], the [[Alnwick Castle]], where the scenes for the movie [[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]] were shot had experienced a 120% increase in visitor numbers which brought an estimated £9 million worth tourist revenue to the area.<ref>((cite web |last1=Luty |first1=J. |title=Annual revenue from Warner Bros. Studios Tour London - 'The Making of Harry Potter' tour from 2012 to 2018 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/646025/harry-potter-studio-tour-london-revenue-uk/ |website=statista.com |accessdate=25 May 2020))</ref> One of the most prominent examples of film-induced demand is [[London King's Cross railway station]], which was made famous for featuring a fictional section known as platform 9 3/4 in the Harry Potter movie series, first appearing in ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone]]''. This fictional location was made into a real attraction in order to entice tourists to visit the train station, and a Harry Potter souvenir shop was constructed to capitalise on the increased interest in the series and the station.

== Locations ==
((more citations needed|section|date=September 2020))Notable movie and television series filming locations that have become popular tourist destinations because of that include:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Movie/ TV series 
!Location!! City or country
|-
|[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'']]
| ||[[New Zealand]]
|-
|''[[Braveheart]]''
|[[Wallace Monument]]||[[Scotland]]
|-
|[[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'']]
|[[Alnwick Castle]], others
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)|''Pride and Prejudice'']]
|[[Lyme Park]]
|[[England]]
|-
|[[The Beach (film)|''The Beach'']]
| ||[[Thailand]]
|-
|''[[Sex and the City]]''
| ||[[New York City|New York]], United States
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Game of Thrones]]''
| ||[[Northern Ireland]], [[Iceland]], [[Dubrovnik]]
|-
|[[Dimmuborgir]]; [[Mývatn]]; [[Grjótagjá]]; [[Reynisfjara]]<ref>((Cite web|last=Torfadóttir|first=Áslaug|date=2019-04-28|title=Top Game Of Thrones Iceland Shooting Locations - Our Guide|url=https://www.icelandtravel.is/blog/top-game-of-thrones-shooting-locations-in-iceland/|access-date=2020-09-10|website=Iceland Travel|language=en-US))</ref>
|[[Iceland]]
|-
|[[The Hangover (film series)|''The Hangover'']]
| ||[[Las Vegas]], United States
|-
|''[[Downton Abbey]]''
| [[Bampton, Oxfordshire|Bampton]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|''[[Broadchurch]]''
| [[West Bay, Dorset|West Bay]]
|[[UK]]
|-
|[[Lost in Translation (film)|''Lost in Translation'']]
| ||[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|-
|''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]''
|[[Skopelos]]||[[Greece]]
|-
|''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''
|[[Petra]]||[[Jordan]]
|-
|[[The Sound of Music (film)|''The Sound of Music'']]
| ||[[Salzburg]], [[Austria]]
|-
|[[The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)|''The Talented Mr. Ripley'']]
| [[Ischia]]
|[[Italy]]
|-
|''[[Monty Python and the Holy Grail]]''
|[[Doune Castle]]
|[[Scotland]]
|-
|''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope]]''
|[[Hotel Sidi Driss]]
|[[Tunisia]]
|-
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|[[Mehrangarh Fort]]
|[[Jodhpur]], [[India]]
|-
|[[The Godfather (film series)|''The Godfather'']]
| ||[[Sicily]], [[Italy]]
|-
|[[Joker (2019 film)|''Joker'' (2019 film)]]
|[[Joker Stairs]]
|New York City
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Pop-culture tourism]], a related topic

==References==
<references />

((Tourism))

[[Category:Cultural tourism]]
[[Category:Popular culture]]

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