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The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God.[1] It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature.[2][3][4][5] The Quran is divided into chapters (Arabic: سورة sūrah, plural سور sūwar), which are subdivided into verses (Arabic: آية āyāh, plural آيات āyāt).
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Main article: List of surahs in the Quran |
The text of the Qur'an of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a surah. Each surah is formed from several verses, each called an ayah.
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Main article: List of tafsir |
A body of commentary and explication (tafsīr), aimed at explaining the meanings of the Quranic verses.
The science which describes the reason, circumstances, and events surrounding the revelation of verses.
Other Islamic books considered to be revealed by God before the Quran, mentioned by name in the Quran are the Tawrat (Torah) revealed to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, the Zabur (Psalms) revealed to Dawud (David) and the Injil (the Gospel) revealed to Isa (Jesus). The Quran also mentions God having revealed the Scrolls of Abraham and the Scrolls of Moses.
The Islamic methodology of tafsir al-Qur'an bi-l-Kitab (Arabic: تفسير القرآن بالكتاب) refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible.[6] This approach adopts canonical Arabic versions of the Bible, including the Tawrat and the Injil, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim mufassirun (commentators) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam bin al-Isbili of Al-Andalus and Ibrahim bin Umar bin Hasan al-Biqa'i.[6]
Sunnah denotes the practice of Islamic prophet Muhammad that he taught and practically instituted as a teacher of the sharī‘ah and the best exemplar.[7] The sources of sunna are usually oral traditions found in collections of Hadith and Sīra (prophetic biography), as well as the Qur'an. Unlike the Qur'an, Muslims naturally differ on the set of texts or sources of sunnah, and they emphasize different collections of hadith based on to which school of thought or branch they belong.
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Main article: List of hadith collections |
Hadīth are sayings, acts or tacit approvals ascribed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
The science which explores the narrators of hadith.
