This is a list of historical separatist movements in Asia. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are no longer an active movement with active members.
- They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
Bangladesh
China
Mainland China
Outer Mongolia
Cyprus
France (associated territories)
Indochina
Mandate of Syria
India
Indonesia
Aceh
- Proposed state: Aceh
Iran
Kurdistan
Iranian Azerbaijan
Khorasan
Israel/Palestine
Samaritans in Nablus Governorate, West Bank
Japan
Ezo
Maldives
Suvadives
Netherlands (associated territories)
Dutch East Indies
Oman
Dhofar
Pakistan
East Pakistan
Philippines
Bangsamoro (Mindanao, Sulu Islands, and Palawan)
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao
- Militant organization: Mindanao People's Democratic Movement
- Advocacy group: Mindanao Independence Movement, Mindanao Freedom Movement
Saudi Arabia
Hejaz
- Proposed state: Kingdom of Hejaz (restoration of historical kingdom)
- Political organization: Committee for the Liberation of Arabia
Spain (associated territories)
Spanish East Indies
Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Tamil people
Syria
Syrian Druze
Turkey
United Kingdom (associated territories)
Burma
India
Malaya
Penang[2][3]
United States (associated territories)
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Mindanao
- Ethnic group: Maranao
- Proposed state: Separate independence for Mindanao from the Luzon and Visayas regions. (See Dansalan Declaration)