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((Short description|State beach in Santa Cruz, California))
((More citations needed|date=December 2021))
((Use mdy dates|date=December 2023))
((Infobox protected area
| name            = Natural Bridges State Beach
| iucn_category   = III
| iucn_ref        = 
<!-- images -->
| photo           = Natural Bridges with pelicans and cormorants.jpg
| photo_caption   = The last remaining natural bridge provides good refuge for birds
<!-- map -->
| map             = USA California
| map_image       = 
| map_size        = 
| map_caption     = Location of Natural Bridges State Beach in California
| relief          = 1
<!-- location -->
| location        = [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz County]], California, United States
| nearest_city    = 
| nearest_town    = 
| coordinates     = ((coord|36|57|09|N|122|03|27|W|display=inline,title))
| coords_ref      = 
<!-- stats --> 
| length          = 
| length_mi       = 
| length_km       = 
| width           = 
| width_mi        = 
| width_km        = 
| area_acre       = 65
| area_ref        = 
| elevation       = ((convert|0|ft|m|abbr=on))<ref name="gnis">((cite web 
| url=((Gnis3|229428)) 
| title=Natural Bridges State Beach      
| date = June 14, 2000 
| work=[[Geographic Names Information System]] 
| publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] 
| access-date=2010-05-17))</ref>
| elevation_avg   = 
| elevation_min   = 
| elevation_max   = 
| dimensions      = 
| designation     = 
<!-- dates & info -->
| authorized      = 
| created         = 
| designated      = 
| established     = 1933
| named_for       = The natural bridges at Santa Cruz
| visitation_num  = 925,000
| visitation_year = 
| visitation_ref  = 
| governing_body  = Santa Cruz State Parks
| administrator   = 
| operator        = 
| owner           =
<!-- website, embedded --> 
| website         = [http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541 Natural Bridges State Beach]
| embedded        = 
))

'''Natural Bridges State Beach''' is a ((convert|65|acre|adj=on)) [[List of California state parks|California state park]] in [[Santa Cruz, California]], in the United States. The park features a [[natural bridge]] across a section of the [[beach]] and a eucalyptus grove provides habitat for monarch butterflies. During [[monarch butterfly]] migration, Monarch Butterfly Natural Preserve has up to 150,000 monarch butterflies from October through early February.<ref name="naturalresources">((cite web | url = http://www.santacruzstateparks.org/parks/natbridges/nat.php | title = Natural Bridges State Beach Natural Resources | access-date = May 22, 2010 | publisher = Santa Cruz State Park | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100729182152/http://www.santacruzstateparks.org/parks/natbridges/nat.php | archive-date = July 29, 2010 ))</ref>

==History==
[[File:NATURAL ARCHES BEACH STATE PARK - NARA - 543322.jpg|thumb|left|Arches at Natural Bridges in 1970]]
[[File:Natural Bridges 1975.jpg|thumb|left|A 1975 view of Natural Bridges from the south]]

The first inhabitants in the Santa Cruz area were small groups of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. The [[Ohlone]] were a [[semi-nomadic]] tribe that hunted [[game (food)|game]] and [[marine mammal]]s and supplemented their diets with [[shellfish]], [[fish]], edible roots and shoots, [[acorn]]s, nuts, and seeds. The Ohlone raised medicinal plants and herbs. They made tools from locally found stones and shells. Their crafts included shellfish jewelry and baskets.<ref name="nbsb">((cite web |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/541/files/NaturalBridges.pdf |title=Natural Bridges State Beach |access-date=2010-05-27 |publisher=California State Parks))</ref>

The displacement of the natives began with the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas]] when missionaries and soldiers brought the Ohlone into the missions. The population of Native Americans was greatly reduced by European diseases to which they had no resistance.<ref name="nbsb" /> Governance of the area was transferred from [[Spain]] to [[Mexico]] after the [[Mexican War of Independence]]. The citizens of Mexico used what is now Natural Bridges State Beach as [[pasture]] land for their cattle. California became part of the United States after the [[Mexican–American War]].<ref name="nbsb" />

The area in and around the park later supported a [[dairy]] farm, a [[brussels sprouts]] farm, hotel, housing for mill workers, a [[South Sea Islands|South Seas]] movie set and a failed housing development.<ref name="nbsb" /> The land was purchased by the State of California in 1933 and construction of the state beach facilities began in 1954. The land surrounding the park was largely wild and undeveloped until the 1970s. The park is now surrounded by beach development and commercial properties.<ref name="nbsb" />

==Geology==
[[File:Natural Bridges, Santa Cruz, California.jpg|thumb|The natural bridge, as seen at dusk.]]
[[File:Tide pools in Santa Cruz from Spray-splash zone to low tide zone.jpg|thumb|The [[intertidal zone]] is home to [[mussels]], [[sea star]]s, [[sea anemones]] and [[limpets]], seen here being studied by children.]]
Natural Bridges State Beach is named for the naturally occurring [[mudstone]] bridges that were carved by the [[Pacific Ocean]] into cliffs that jutted out into the sea.

The arches formed over a million years ago when a combination of silt, clay and [[diatom]]s were solidified into a mixture of stone that formed the three original arches of the beach.<ref name="nbsb"/> Wave erosion carved the arches and then cut away the cliffs leaving only islands.

Of the three original arches only the middle one remains. The outermost arch fell sometime in 1905 or 1906, and the inner arch collapsed during a storm on the night of January 10, 1980.<ref name="nbsb"/><ref>((cite news | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LjcpAAAAIBAJ&pg=2894,1367272&dq=natural-bridges-state-beach&hl=en | title = Rain could spell more trouble for the Northwest | agency = Associated Press | publisher = The Lewiston Journal | date = 1980-01-12 | access-date = 2010-05-28))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Santa Cruz’s Natural Bridges State Beach - EPOD - a service of USRA|url=https://epod.usra.edu/blog/2017/10/santa-cruzs-natural-bridges-state-beach.html|access-date=2021-09-02|website=epod.usra.edu))</ref> The middle arch is in danger of collapsing as well due to erosion by wind and waves. Visitors were formerly permitted to climb up, walk and even drive on the bridges. Now the arch is closed to public access.<ref name="nbsb"/>

==Ecology==
Natural Bridges State Beach is home to a [[eucalyptus]] grove that provided habitat for monarch butterflies. Up to 150,000 butterflies migrate up to ((convert|2000|mi)) to the park to escape the cold weather of winter in the northwestern United States and [[Canada]].<ref name="naturalresources"/><ref name="latimes">((cite web | url = http://articles.latimes.com/2004/nov/07/travel/tr-escape7 | title = Santa Cruz: Nice beach, great bugs | author = Connell, Patricia | date = 2004-11-07 | access-date = 2010-05-28 | work = Los Angeles Times))</ref> The city of Santa Cruz holds an annual festival to mark the return of the butterflies.<ref name="latimes"/> Monarchs settle in groves along the coasts of California and [[Baja California]]. At Natural Bridges State Beach they find shelter from the wind and sources of water and food. The butterflies cluster onto the trees, "intertwining their legs among the branches to resemble a clump of leaves."<ref name="nbsb"/> The butterflies protect each other from cold winter winds and rains by clustering together.<ref name="nbsb"/> Beginning in the late 1990s the population of butterflies at the park began to decline. Biologist attribute the decline to a lack of habitat caused by fallen pine and eucalyptus trees.<ref name="decline">((cite web | url = http://www.mercurynews.com/central-coast/ci_13855147 | title = Flight of the butterfly: Winged visitors suddenly scarce in Santa Cruz | author = Dayton, Lily | publisher = Santa Cruz Sentinel | date = 2009-11-24 | access-date = 2010-05-28))</ref> The decline at Natural Bridges State Beach has meant an increase in butterfly numbers at nearby [[Lighthouse Field State Beach]].<ref name="decline"/>

The ((convert|65|acre|adj=on)) of the park have a variety of [[habitat]]s. [[Seawater|Saltwater]] and [[freshwater]] marshes are found on Moore Creek. [[Coastal Scrub]] surrounds the margins and undeveloped interior areas of the park. Sand dunes and a fresh water pond are also found at the park.<ref name="mypark">((cite web | url = http://thatsmypark.org/naturalBridges.php | title = Natural Bridges State Beach | publisher = Friends of Santa Cruz State Beach | access-date = 2010-05-28 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100515150411/http://thatsmypark.org/naturalBridges.php | archive-date = 2010-05-15 ))</ref>

Tide pools at the beach provide a glimpse into marine life habitat for visitors to the park. Receding tides reveal populations of [[Sea urchin|urchin]]s, [[sea star]]s, [[hermit crab]]s, and [[kelp]].<ref name="nbsb"/> Marine mammals, such as [[whale]]s, [[Pinniped|seal]]s, and [[sea otter]]s can be seen from the beach. In combination with the estuarine mouth of Moore Creek, the state beach provides habitat for a variety of bird species, such as [[shorebird]]s, [[gull]]s, and [[snowy egret]]s. [[Brown pelican]]s and [[cormorants]] can often be found on the remaining natural bridge.<ref name="nbsb"/><ref name="p&r">((cite web | url = https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541 | title = Natural Bridges State Beach | publisher = California Department of Parks and Recreation | access-date = 2021-01-26 ))</ref>

[[Natural Bridges State Marine Reserve]] is a marine protected area off the coast of Natural Bridges State Beach.  Like an underwater park, this marine protected area helps conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems.

==Recreation==
Natural Bridges State Beach is open to year-round recreation including swimming, [[surfing]], hiking, nature walks and picnics. The beach is small and sheltered. The afternoon winds attract [[kite]] flying and [[wind surfing]]. The beach is open to surfing and is busiest during the winter when large swells wash up onto the shores of Natural Bridges State Beach. Hiking trails pass through the Moore Creek [[estuary]] and the Monarch Butterfly Nature Preserve. Guided tours of the butterfly preserve take place on weekends during the fall and winter. Tours of the [[tidal pool]]s take place year-round as do nature walks.<ref name="nbsb"/>

==Nearby state parks==
*[[The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Lighthouse Field State Beach]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[New Brighton State Beach]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Santa Cruz Mission State Historic Park]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Seacliff State Beach]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Twin Lakes State Beach]]<ref name="nbsb"/>
*[[Wilder Ranch State Park]]<ref name="nbsb"/>

==See also==
* [[List of beaches in California]]
* [[List of California state parks]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Natural Bridges State Beach))
* [https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541 Natural Bridges State Beach] Official website

((Clear))

((Protected areas of California|SP))
((Santa Cruz, California))
((Authority control))

[[Category:California State Beaches]]
[[Category:Natural arches of California]]
[[Category:Beaches of Santa Cruz County, California]]
[[Category:Parks in Santa Cruz County, California]]
[[Category:Monterey Bay]]
[[Category:Santa Cruz, California]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1933]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in California]]

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