Taerpo horserider | |
---|---|
Material | Low-fired clay (terracotta) |
Size | 23 cm tall[1] |
Created | 4th-3rd century BCE |
Discovered | Taerpo cemetery, near Xianyang 34°21′41″N 108°44′36″E / 34.361309°N 108.743223°E[2] |
Present location | Xianyang museum |
The Taerpo horserider is Chinese Zhou dynasty period Warrior-State Qin terracotta figurine from a tomb in the Taerpo cemetery (塔兒坡墓) near Xianyang in Shaanxi Province, dated to the 4th-3rd century BCE. Another nearly-identical statuette is known, from the same tomb. Small holes in his hands suggest that he was originally holding reins in one hand, and a weapon in the other.[1]
This is the earliest known representation of a cavalryman in China.[1] Only very few such human and animal figurines are known from this time, before the creative explosion of the terracotta army in 210 BCE, which must have appeared dramatically new to contemporaries.[3]
The outfit is of Central Asian style, probably Scythian,[4] and the rider with his high-pointed nose appears to be a foreigner.[1] King Zheng of Qin (246–221 BCE) is also known to have employed steppe cavalry men in his army, as seen in his terracotta army.[5]
For the colors, only red and white are used, as most terracotta statuettes known from the Qin state period. According to Duan Qingbo, there is a possibility that these miniature human and horse shapes were inspired by the Art of the steppes, as seen in objects such as the figurines of the Saka incense burners.[6]
The Taerpo horserider is an important work of art in several respects:
Following soon after the Taerpo horserider, the Terracotta Army of the first Qin dynasty Emperor Qin Shihuang (210 BCE) would offer a profusion of realistic-looking, highly sophisticated statuary, although rather stern and militaristic in style. Less than a century later, the Yangjiawan terracotta army would then be much smaller in size, but also much less militaristic, much softer and elegant: "Horse tails curl in fanciful fashion and human figures possess a doll-like innocence".[9]