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The pawn usually moves one step straight forward, but it may move two steps straight forward on its first move unless its path is obstructed. However, the only way a pawn may capture is by moving one square diagonally forward. The pawn has two special moves, the en passant capture, and pawn promotion.
(a version which the article reinstated as a featured one (this version):
I think the substantial difference is in the king's and the pawn's move. In the king's case the result is due to the removing the castling because we have a seperate heading for it. Also in the pawn's case, removing promotion and en passant again we have now seperate headings for them. But there is substantial change in the wording (there is a difference of wording in the knight also which is better than the old I think) also and I think current situation is at least vague. The pawn movement deserves a better explanation because as the old version states it has the most complex rules. So my idea is this:
I changed a very little and it is section 3.7.a,b and c [[1]] . Again explanation for en passant and promotion is left and the last sentence remains. It is as condensed as the current one (only one line longer).
The pawn may move forward to the unoccupied square immediately in front of it on the same file, or on its first move it may advance two squares along the same file provided both squares are unoccupied, or it may move to a square occupied by an opponent’s piece, which is diagonally in front of it on an adjacent file, capturing that piece. The pawn has two special moves, the en passant capture, and pawn promotion. Oz an (talk) 03:17, 9 July 2010 (UTC)oz_an
I don't think along with "pieces involved in the castling shouldn't have been moved previously", we have to state "The king and the rook must be on the same rank". It is there to eliminate a very surprising(really I'm surprised and I bet u do too) hypothetical case, but it is confusing if it stays in the main conditions of the castling. So I changed it (with a rook not in the game by promotion) but it is undone by Quale. Then I went to fide handbook of chess rules and (fide handbook): "This is a move of the king and either rook of the same colour along the player’s first rank, counting as a single move of the king and executed as follows: ..." I think it handles the situation. The reason as it is stated as a main item is because of the cited source for the rules (which is not fide by the way). Anyway, it is a case not happened in the entire history of chess!! Also I added something about some common confusing things about the castling at the end of the paragraph(which is in the castling also). So please not "undo" my edit but try to improve or at least talk about your concerns here. Oz an (talk) 20:23, 7 July 2010 (UTC)oz_an
"the king is generally more powerful than a bishop or knight but less powerful than a rook, thus it is sometimes assigned a fighting value of four points." I'm not sure of usage and how a king's value can be determined. Both sides always have his own king. I haven't heard such a thing even in chess engine programming. Any source or ideas, obviously I'm missing something ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Oz an (talk • contribs)
I'm looking the chess piece relative value and I think it is on my side. The very first sentence is In chess, the chess piece relative value system conventionally assigns a point value to each piece when assessing its relative strength in potential exchanges. They play no formal role in the game but are useful to players, and are also used in computer chess to help the computer evaluate positions. There is not even king in the right image. Below under the heading standard valuations: The value of the king is undefined as it cannot be captured, let alone traded... Some early computer chess programs gave the king an arbitrary large value (such as 200 points or 1,000,000,000 points). But then two sources (Lasker and Ward) for king being the 4 points based on some ability in the endgame. I see no practical usage of this, I can't think any chess player use it when evaluating a position. Anyway, obviously it is not standard and not widely used, to the contrary, widely used evaluation is 'undefined' in engine programming and beginner stuff (These are rough rules to teach beginners not to exchange some valuable piece to a much lesser value). So even a knight can have much value than a rook at some situations. So general applicability based on exchange is what matters here. Any ideas?? Oz an (talk) 14:00, 7 July 2010 (UTC)oz_an
Not yet covered issue.Alliumnsk (talk) 07:31, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
What issue? The colours in chess are White and Black. Red doesn't come into it. Fricasso (talk) 11:58, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
Well... the article itself does mention the Red Knight. Alliumnsk (talk) 15:29, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
The Lead says it is sometimes called Western chess, and Bubba73 appropriately cited a reference for that, but I cannot find this claim in the other sections. And the Lead is supposed to be a mere summary of what the other sections contain... SyG (talk) 22:14, 22 February 2009 (UTC)
You might want to discuss the following chess set articles here:
Green Squares (talk) 12:29, 26 February 2009 (UTC)
The discussion page, in its function as a tool for improvement, can unfortunately and inadvertently emphasize criticism of topic coverage to the point that the positive qualities o f such coverage go unnoticed. I personally think, as a long time user of wikipedia, that the coverage of chess as a topic here is the broadest in scope, most skillful in pith, and overall the best documentary effort of any section that I have used on the site. I'd like to thank the authors for giving me some meager hope of improving from absolute hopelessness to the prospect of intermediacy as a player. N88819 (talk) 02:09, 23 March 2009 (UTC) 02:08, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
Hi! How about a section about chess software? (I came across this article when trying to find an easy way to generate diagrams as gif-images. Does anyone know about such a software?) Greetings —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.113.106.143 (talk) 02:14, 24 March 2009 (UTC)
((editsemiprotected))
AT "When a king is under immediate attack by one or two of the opponent's pieces, it is said to be in check. The only permissible responses to a check are to capture the checking piece, interpose a piece between the checking piece and the king" INSERT "(unless the attacking piece is a knight)" THEN CONTINUE AS BEFORE ", or move the king to a square where it is not under attack."
((editsemiprotected))
AT "The current form of the game emerged in Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from a much older game (Shatranj)" insert "(FARSI:شطرنج)".
Then in history part it is said that "Chess is commonly believed to have originated in North-West India during the Gupta empire,[17][18][19][20]. .......... The earliest evidence of Chess is found in the neighboring Sassanid Persia around 600 where the game is known under the name became chatrang." I don't understand where it is originated form, India or Persia?
A.Mapar (talk) 16:32, 12 May 2010 (UTC)
I am sure this question has come up before and nor do I have a source, however, can chess be defined as a sport. It is played pro. So the question is how do you define a sport? Cloverfield Monsta (talk) 02:15, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
a section of Sport
Sport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports 'commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor' are the sole or primary determinant of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports (a common name for some card games and board games with little to no element of chance)' and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment quality are major factors"
The term sports is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities in which offense and defense are played, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both games of skill' and motor sport 'exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports', such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports
But you are, I am supposing going to say "where is the source?"- it is here- http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/recognized/index_uk.asp Taken from Sport under terminology-Please note the word chess in italics.
The term is sometimes extended to encompass all competitive activities in which offense and defense are played, regardless of the level of physical activity. Both games of skill and motor sport exhibit many of the characteristics of physical sports, such as skill, sportsmanship, and at the highest levels, even professional sponsorship associated with physical sports. Air sports, billiards, bridge, chess, motorcycle racing, and powerboating are all recognized as sports by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.
I would like it to be added to the article, this in my opinion should have been picked up before the feat. status was given.
P.S. This is Cloverfield Monsta (I changed my name) [[User:Cloverfield Monsta|<b><font color="black">° '''Hey Boys and Girls (Welcome to the Show…)</font></b>]] [[User_Talk:Truth of the World: Welcome to the Show|<b><font color="blue"><sup>((Polytonic| ῼ))</sup></font>]] (talk) 07:37, 16 May 2009 (UTC)
← Here is a notable and reliable source: Britannica. In its first sentence it says "chess is a checkerboard game for two players". It does not mention "sport". SyG (talk) 07:02, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
We've been through all this many times before. There are many "good" reasons to call it a game first and foremost; dictionaries, encyclopedias and specialist chess reference books all call it a game rather than a sport, most if not all newspapers put their chess column in the games section rather than the sports section, most libraries and book shops do the same thing, the UK government have consistently resisted calls to classify chess as a sport, because they'd then have to fund it with lottery cash, etc. etc. The consensus last time was to leave it as it is - it's a sensible layout based on 'due weight' considerations; the IOC can't simply re-define the world when it suits them, but they can declare something a sport for their own purposes. If we were going to call it a "mind sport", then that would be a whole different argument, because chess forms a large part of the long established Mind Sports Olympiad, but the pro-'sports' people never seem keen on that label for some reason. Brittle heaven (talk) 13:54, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
Just to clarify, I'm not suggesting "mind sport" could be considered as a replacement for (board) game; only that it may merit a mention somewhere, probably outside of the lead section to avoid over-complicating what should be a brief, succinct introduction to the topic. Brittle heaven (talk) 16:41, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
User:Cloverfield Monsta and User:Truth of the World: Welcome to the Show ("Rip Micheal" above) have been blocker for sockpuppetry. User:The Revenge of the Fallen has been reported as a new suspected sockpuppet in this case. For details, see: Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/Dance-pop. I think it is safe to say that this user is just trolling and I suggest we end this discussion. HermanHiddema (talk) 08:33, 2 July 2009 (UTC)
Hi I have a quesion here-
If Chess is recognized as sports by the International Olympic Committee with their world governing bodies represented in the Association of the IOC.
Then this sport(chess) should also be in the olympics and should be given medals for the winners as othere sports(during summer olympics) I dont seen anyone winning a medal in Chess in the Olympics. Can anyone answer my query. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alphajane (talk • contribs) 22:48, 18 November 2009 (UTC)
Is there any academic journal available somewhere?--222.64.27.120 (talk) 00:18, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
International Correspondence Chess Federation, please in the article--222.64.27.120 (talk) 00:28, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
Well, it is not obvious in the article and would you please add it in Section see also.
Please do the same for the following as well
Chess (disambiguation)--222.64.27.120 (talk) 00:48, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
Please move the Notation for recording moves section to just before the Fundamentals of Strategy section. Fundamentals of Strategy gives the notations which haven't been explained yet. Thanks in advance for your consideration... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.138.104.250 (talk) 22:55, 18 May 2009 (UTC)
The current paragraph does not mention that a tournament director can award a win for insufficient losing chances. I am in no position to tackle writing the details of this particular position, but it might be included for the sake of completeness. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.76.96.21 (talk) 20:38, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
I suggest that the diagram corresponding to "White is in checkmate" be replaced by a diagram that represents a legal checkmate position. In the current diagram, the white King is under attack from the black Bishop on f3. Which means that black moved to this position on the prior turn. On white's previous turn, the move to h1 could only have originated from g1, g2, or h2, all of which are threatened positions from black's other two pieces (Bishop on e3, King on h3), wherever the other black Bishop might have been. So this does not represent a legal endgame. There are a great many legal checkmates that could be shown instead of the current diagram. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.107.117.8 (talk) 03:17, 16 November 2010 (UTC)
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Agreed; apologies for the mistake.
does anyone know where one can find a chess simulator? you know, you enter the list of moves used in a chess match and it shows you how it played out on the board? 24.184.200.190 (talk) 14:55, 28 September 2009 (UTC)
Thank you! 24.184.200.190 (talk) 16:19, 28 September 2009 (UTC)
How many time can you check in a row?
You can check three times in a row. The third check has to be a checkmate. Every time you check, you have to say check to your opponent. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.252.49.138 (talk) 23:29, 26 February 2010 (UTC)
I think the possible moves with dots and captures with crosses looks better.
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If you look at the current piece articles Rook (chess), Bishop (chess) etc this is the convension used. Yet here in the main chess article it is slightly confusing because it is the other way around. SunCreator (talk) 11:12, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
Shouldnt it say how it started in India, and then the merged into the modern version in Europe then? WHy is it backwards then ? 71.105.87.54 (talk) 20:23, 8 December 2009 (UTC)
So a game called chadarangam starts in India, spreads to the rest of the world, is currently played in India, more or less using the same rules as in the rest of the world, but Chess is different from the game India played 1000 years ago. That way, I guess cricket is an Indian game. Well, it does not matter - does it ? After all India is not an "Indian" name either. English 2011 is different from English 1000 ! I think some one competent should edit the page and give Chess the true historical perspective in the first sentence. Btw, Indian chess uses a "minister" instead of "queen" - but the minister has the same powers as the queen - that does not make the game different though. Isn't it interesting that "chathurasram" is a square and shares the four-sidedness with the name of the game. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.184.77.114 (talk) 17:14, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
About the image that keeps getting added and deleted - I agree that the image does not belong in this article. Bubba73 (Who's attacking me now?), 16:46, 17 December 2009 (UTC)
I Think the image was good for the article. What's the problem? --Pediainsight (talk) 16:27, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
Bottom of page - "News from around the world of chess" link (or similar, actually 'Chessboss') - poor site in my opinion - check out their 'breaking news'. There are other quality sites like Chesscafe.com. This is just window dressing for a gameplay link as far as I can see. Brittle heaven (talk) 01:15, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
This article needs semi-protection. I tried to get it several days ago but I was unsuccessful. Perhaps someone else can try. Bubba73 (Who's attacking me now?), 22:13, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
Done Bubba73 (You talkin' to me?), 04:11, 26 January 2010 (UTC)
The chess article says: “Nevertheless, from the point of view of artificial intelligence, chess-playing programs are relatively simple: they essentially explore huge numbers of potential future moves by both players and apply an evaluation function to the resulting positions, an approach described as "brute force" because it relies on the sheer speed of the computer.”
The idea that chess programs rely on the sheer speed of the computer is false. This was demonstrated when a mobile phone won the Mercosur Cup 2009 with an Elo performance of 2898. A mobile does not have sheer speed. I suggest we change this statement to say that artificial intelligence is intelligence that is different from human intelligence and is more than brute force because it does not rely on the sheer speed of the computer as demonstrated at the Mercosur Cup 2009. Mschribr (talk) 16:33, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
i think there are a few inaccuracies in the above mentioned section. first of all, as a chess player, i think that in the first sentence it should read "...tactics in general concentrate on short-term threats or actions". i dont have a source immediately available but i have heard tactics defined as short term threats in chess books. the second thing was how it said the "speed of the processor" determined the possible depth a computer can calculate. i changed this to "the strength of the chess engine and performance of the computer it is being run on." this is more accurate, because not all chess computers are capable of calculating deeply, it is only strong engines running on fast computers. it is a well known fact that chess engines vary in strength, and i can cite Levy, David; Newborn, Monty (1991), How Computers Play Chess, Computer Science Press, ISBN 0-7167-8121-2 as showing that the performance of the computer the engine is run on effects strenght, but its been awhile, and i dont remember how to add that to the references, sorry. the third thing is how it said in quiet complex positions it is not possible to deeply calculate, but thats not true its possible for strong players and computers to do that to some extent, tho i have no source for this. my fourth and last problem is i think the statement "while in 'tactical' positions with a limited number of forced variations where much less than the best move would lose quickly" isnt fully true, because sometimes tactical positions have a good number of playable variations, and sometimes moves that are less than the best move dont necessarily lose quickly, but are just slightly worse. i also think that "much less than the best move" is using too vague of language. thank you that is all GBizzle (talk) 12:30, 30 January 2010 (UTC)
Not sure if appropriate to mention this at the link section of the main article, but if anyone is interested a free chess game called NagaSkaki can be downloaded at: http://www.mayothi.com/ The game's highest setting is said to have a rating of 2300. The game allows users to create their own boards and pieces if they're inclined. Quite brilliant for a free product. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.161.149.227 (talk) 05:50, 3 February 2010 (UTC)
I was under the impression the IOC did not reconise chess as a sport, despite some wanting it to be. A search of the IOC web site for 'chess' returns no results, whereas it does for other sports. Drkirkby (talk) 22:32, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
this has happened before and i dont understand why its happening again. chess originated from india. shouldnt that come first before the modern versino in europe? And shouldnt the i nfo o n india come further up in the article? I mean i would think chess being from india is one of the first thigns taht should be mentioned? I thought this was settled? So why is it changed agian? 71.105.87.54 (talk) 07:39, 4 June 2010 (UTC)
Where it says chess originated from Indian version can you hightlight the word Indian then . . Thank you then here . . 71.105.87.54 (talk) 08:35, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
Why is there nothing in the article about the inventor of chess, Sissa, who asked to be rewarded with doubling amounts of grains of wheat[2], and was then executed by the king for his impudence? 98.82.22.154 (talk) 16:45, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
the queen sacrifice... Deathsculler (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 00:22, 11 August 2010 (UTC).
Have removed the following information, as have been unable to find sources for it - issue raised at featured article review. Text variation also in Chess problem where it is also unsourced.
Most chess problems exhibit the following features:
- The position is composed, that is, it has not been taken from an actual game, but has been invented for the specific purpose of providing a problem.
- There is a specific stipulation, that is, a goal to be achieved; for example, to checkmate black within a specified number of moves.
- There is a theme (or combination of themes) that the problem has been composed to illustrate: chess problems typically instantiate particular ideas. Many of these themes have their own names, often by persons who used them first, for example Novotny or Lacny theme.
- The problem exhibits economy in its construction: no greater force is employed than that required to guarantee that the problem's intended solution is indeed a solution and that it is the problem's only solution.
- The problem has aesthetic value. Problems are experienced not only as puzzles but as objects of beauty. This is closely related to the fact that problems are organized to exhibit clear ideas in as economical a manner as possible.
Regards, SunCreator (talk) 00:24, 15 August 2010 (UTC)
In Post-war era (1945 and later) section, all male world champion were mentioned but no female. Just Menchik was cited on previous section. I think its a good point to be improved. After WW2 soviet female player dominated world championship just like men did until 1990's. Best regards. OTAVIO1981 (talk) 01:21, 16 August 2010 (UTC)
The general structure of a chess program is to search for moves and evaluate the resulting positions to find the best move. Many enhancements are necessary to achieve high performance. Some of those enhancements are minimax, alpha-beta pruning, killer heuristic, iterative deepening depth-first search, negascout, MTD-f, SSS*, null-move heuristic and late move reductions.
Been upable to source the above. Regards, SunCreator (talk) 14:27, 28 August 2010 (UTC)
When you play computer checkers you know that you're moving around amid a matrix of possibilities. and that some areas are more favorable to you than others. Can you say the same about playing chess?WFPM (talk) 21:47, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
With these or similar hopes, chess is taught to children in schools around the world today and used in armies to train minds of cadets and officers
This armies claim is perhaps not even true. I have removed it but feel free to add it back with a suitable reference. Regards, SunCreator (talk) 12:54, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
How do you suggest I reference the bit about it being bad etiquette to continue playing when in a hopeless position? It's just one of those things... --jmenkus [T] 14:37, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
Its perfectly reasonable to have this article link to a list of chess software programs. Im sure a list already exists somewhere. Im sure many people read this article hoping to find a quick safe and reputable link to a freeware chess program .( my thanks to the guy that posted a link for one in this discussion forum.) also links to chess software variations like gothic chess should possibly be included in this list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.160.131.17 (talk) 06:52, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
I believe there is no random chance in the game of chess, in the sense that playing first does not give any advantage/disadvantage to the player. The game is purely logical, and both white and black have an equal probability of winning. So, I think the Infobox should be changed back to None from Moving first or second. Shashwat986 (talk) 02:47, 10 November 2010 (UTC)
I was unable to find anything out about this reference : Weissberger (2004) An analysis from the feminist perspective, pp. 152ff. More details are needed (full author name, publisher, complete title). The book was not found at Worldcat.org or Amazon.com. --Diannaa (Talk) 18:14, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
I would put on Predecessor Section of this article only a reference to numerous board games present in Mediterranen world in the classical antiquity. (Partian empire included). These games were widespread everywere: Egypt, Greece, Anatolia, Middle Orient, Partian Empire also in Centre Europe. The religious fanaticism was an enemy of the games in general, so probably we have lost the memory during dark age or more simply our sources are lost.
I propose newly the sentence in this form, help me to make it better. Numerous games on chessboard also with 8x8 squares, with military tactics were widespread in Classical Antiquity. In the Ludus latrunculorum the pieces is known to have several tasks: there were mandrae, the milites and bellatores.Bold text
About Alfonso X: Segunt cuenta en las ystorias antiguas en India la mayor ovo un Rey que amava mucho los sabios e tenielos siempre consigo e fazieles mucho amenudo razonar sobre los fechos que nascien delas cosas. E d’estos avie y tres que tenien señas razones....In Alfonso X period ystoria antiguas is Ancient history that could be Hellenistic, Seleucid, Partian or Sassanid o Roman empires period well before Arabs. So similar games could be arrived in Mediterranean very very early, before Arabs and Indian sources, generally from Orient, indeed India (latin and italian: Indie) that means Orient or better Asia not India as we use today. Indeed also Cristoforo Colombo arrived in Indie (America).
Another thing, the etymology of italian word “Alfiere” could have many origins. It could be arrived in italian language from Arab Al-Feris that means knight, but also from latin Ferens (soldier who has the flag in the army), north italy vulgar language el-ferens indeed Alfiere in the medieval army was exactly this, not a knight as for the Arabs. There is also another hypothesis that came from Alfido from Persian Fil, arab (Al-Fil), italian Alfido. The english version Bishop has another history. The word italian amazzare spain mattare that mean kill exist also in latin mactare. But there is a similar word in persian example Shah Mat. What is the origin ?
However we can find reference to contemporary chess also in Liber de moribus hominum et officiis nobilium super ludo scachorum simply De ludo Scachorum of domenicano Jacopo da Cessole 1300. There are also many manuscript codes with chess question of XIII century. (These are the chess that we play today) Lat. 241 della Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze (del XIII sec.). Lat. 10286 della Nazionale di Parigi, of Charles d’Orléans, and codice F. fr. 1173, with 348 questions. About this reference A. Chicco, Dizionario enciclopedico degli scacchi, Venezia. http://knol.google.com/k/loredana-mercuri/alfonso-x-libro-del-a%C3%A7edrex/ftp1rletdbsv/23#
The history of chess seems to be not univocal but more complicated and irresolved. There is the serious possibility that existed contemporary different versions and bit different rules. And Indian and Persian versions are only a local variant of a game widespread in world from immemorial time.
--Andriolo (talk) 13:39, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
I have sources in italian language, about the etimology of "alfiere" http://www.etimo.it/?term=alfiere. There are lot to tell also about “Arocco or arrocco”. That probably came from Central Asia with Germanic invasions indeed “Rocca” is a castle (Rokke). Indeed the chariot in western version is a tower. Arrocco in Italian means “stay in the castle”.
And about the Jacopo Cessole XIII CE, the italian wikipedia site is better than english site, about the origin, it is possible to find in Cessole book:
".... the invention of the game of the chess come from philospher Xerses, to educate the Nabucodonosor 's son Evilmerodach....."
So for Cessole the origin of the chess come back to ancient Mesopotamia. The king of Babil. He says that the western chess are a metaphor of the feudal society, and with this idea he explains the movements and class position. We know that today the chess use the same chessboard of “Dama”. We know that Romans play lot of Ludus tabularis in the thermae also in the Dama type chessboard (that we use for chess) that was widespread in mediterranean. But there were also "abacus" type chessboard. In italy we have different type of cards for card games in every city so why not for the boards ?
In the latin wikipedia there is a summa about ludus lantruculorum: Latrunculi, aut ludus latrunculorum, est ludus tabularis qui in Roma antiqua ludebatur. Non erat scaccorum ludus. Sed postea saepe verbum "latrunculi" usum est significare scaccorum ludum. Uterque lusor sedecim calculos vel milites habuit, qui super abacum lineis libratis atque directis distributum movebantur. Lusores quam plurimos calculos adversarii demere aut includere conabantur. Praecepta lusoria incerta sunt. Tabula lusoria lignea erat aut in lapidem incidebatur (exempli gratia in Basilicae Iuliae gradus). Calculi albi aut nigri, politi aut caniculati, ex ossibus aut vitro vario fabricati erant. Trimalchio ille homo affectatus pro calculis aureos argenteosque denarios habebat. It isn’t scaccorum ludus, but the similarities are a lot, it cannot to pass in silence in this article. Qui super abacum lineis libratis lines of abaco, more similar Chinese chessboard. The English wikipedia of Latrunculi, site give an idea. But seem that existed lot of versions as in this spanish site: http://www.novaroma.org/nr/ES:Latrunculi
About other war games in tabula see http://www.dilos.com/region/crete/chess.html.
About etymology of India in neo-latin languages: For Alfonso X, India means the same of ancient greek language India. India is all Asia beyond the know world. In Renaissance we use the word Western India for America, Oriental India for India Subcontinent but also for Indonesia, Indo-China (Siam), Borneo and South China. For venetian merchants only North China was Catai. So when Alfonso X think “a king of India” he think an enormous area, all south Asia until Pacific Ocean. The Persian area until Hormuz in Alfonso X era, was a familiar world for western medieval merchants there were agents and colonies of tuscany and venetian companies in Tabriz and Hormuz also in Central Asia as Urgenc. Probably in the evening, along the Silk Road, when the multi-etnics carovanas stopped or arrived in a Serraglio there are lot of occasions to play togethers.
I have no time, but soon I must find a book of Chicchi. Storia degli scacchi. --Andriolo (talk) 16:17, 10 March 2011 (UTC)--
PS: I see that the first archeological findings about chatrang (the real primitive archeological chess in appareance but not with modern rules and probably with board chinese type) is in Silk road.
About probable influence of Ludus Lantruculorum or Petteia, it is a very old question there are book of Aurelio Severino (Tarsia 1580 – Napoli 1656) He is not agree with the hypotesis of Lantruculorum origin. Chicchi, supports the hypothesis of India subcontinent but in a curious way. He argues that chess born in India because the culture was oral and so the chess are borned from an instrument to recorder points. So the things are very very intricated and a clear origin is impossible to find. The chess could be arrived with Silk Road in Italy or from Andalusia in Spain we don't know. Surely the mediterranean Ludus tabularis has influenced it.
My idea is only to put a reference in the article (predecessor section) on chessboard games in mediterranean world, surely in modern chess the king capture style is very very similar Lantruculorum. ---- Andriolo
http://books.google.com/books?id=uzUXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA13&sig=BN49iHCjfHWKF6fmAc_HnGrm9I0&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false This book says that central Asia was the place of bigger popular diffusion. it says abot Chess during Teodorico kingdom (but i think it is latruculorum but Teodorico is a gothic king and we know that the gothics are arrived from Steppes.) About the diffusion in Arab world. The bishop come etimology come from England (Germanic area). Other thing some versions of lantruculorum have two raw for color and differnt form. The disposition of the pieces in chatrang is very different respect modern chess.--Andriolo (talk) 07:27, 11 March 2011 (UTC) If the game is born in India subcontinent, see legend of Sissa it must be most older than Gupta empire to explain the temporal contradictions and the lantriculorum influences in western side. it must be arrived when the latriculorum was played.--Andriolo (talk) 07:37, 11 March 2011 (UTC) But that is original research.
I would only to throw the stone in the pond. Indeed the english articles of history of chess, is too much categorical. Some more “perhaps”…… it will make it better. I will try. I am see that I am not alone in my thesys. You're right, the hypothesis of the subcontinent (not Asia), is British and was born with the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and is based on Indian legends written, however several centuries after the facts. (The first indian source of chatrang are witten in XII century). In the sameway why not in Ancient Babil ? (An italian legend say that) However the chess until the Italian Renaissance, in Latin, were called Ludus latrincolorum so we are unable to say if gothic Teodorico il Grande (500CE) played chess or latruculorum. The mention of latruculorum as chess appared in Europe in sources of c.a. 900-1000 CE with the end of dark age. This mix of terminology has caused lot of problems.
Archaeology tells us two things: 1) the most ancient findings of boards that we use in chess are in the Mediterranean area (8x8 chessboard with two colors used probably for Dama). [[File:scacchiera2-300x231.jpg]] This is only one of innumerable examples. It is in pubblic area in Brescia in some roman ruins on Foro. The black is X. 2) the first discoveries of chatrang that we have are in Uzbekistan (c.a. 700 CE Uzbeckistan was India at wide sense, in this period) I remember that Scythian kings was considered Indians for greeks and also for the hellenized Parthian and Sassanid empire. As for Alfonso X.
The central Asia origin, in the Silk Road, between Caspian Sea until Afganistan (in area influenced from Parthian or Sassanid empire), I think can explain lot of things and the possibility for other steppic tribe as the germanic Goths to play chess before the Arabs. Ciao. --Andriolo (talk) 09:49, 14 March 2011 (UTC)
The early history is very unclear. It's impossible to learn when the rules were standardised and how. It is also thought that Chess may have been invented during the winter solstice in Russia. Turkeyphant 19:59, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
In the first paragraph, it is suggested that the evolution of Chess derives from the Indian game Shatranj. It should be noted that when you click on Shatranj, it is clear to see that this name is used for the Persian derivative. The term that should be there instead is Chaturanga. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ajsv (talk • contribs) 06:38, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
Am I to believe that apart from the queen and rook being able to move further across the board, the game itself hasn't changed much since its creation in India?
Does this article really need protection? I'd like to make some edits. -SC (talk) 03:33, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
none of these pages have a section on forced mate. I've been putting my feelers out to see where that would lend itself the best. maybe several of the articles need anything from a blurb to a full scale section devoted to it? what do we think?Scottdude2000 (talk) 20:43, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
Wow - there's a Featured article First-move advantage in chess, but *no* article Chess psychology !? (I see the section on psychology in current article; great topic, lots of resources. If the section were spun off to a Start-class article, would that help motivate someone qualified to expand? Or are sections spinoff-able only when they grow big?) Ihardlythinkso (talk) 12:43, 20 July 2011 (UTC)
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For example, Gobet and colleagues have shown that --> For example, Fernand Gobet and colleagues have shown that 85.2.76.231 (talk) 21:42, 15 December 2011 (UTC)