News reporting in Venezuela is contentious, with various sources being reported by people of differing political views to be biased, manipulative, or outright lying. Both government and opposition media outlets focus on polarization instead of actual news coverage.[1] By consensus across the Wikipedia community, state sources of Venezuela, such as WP:TELESUR, are unreliable. Some pro-opposition outlets have also been recognized as sensationalized sources, so their use should be properly attributed. Independent sources operating in the country (though few exist)[1] and in neighboring nations, several using citizen journalism, are seen as more reliable for Venezuela-specific reports. WP:GREL are recognized as the most reliable sources regarding Venezuelan topics.

Venezuela was listed in the 2015 Press Freedom Index as 137th out of 180 countries,[a] and its position has worsened since: in 2021 Venezuela was listed as 148 out of 180.[b] and in 2023 it was listed in the 159th place, with its situation devolving from "difficult situation" to "very difficult situation" level.[2] Various interpretations of laws, including the Law on Social Responsibility on Radio and Television and the Law against Hatred, have allowed for media outlets to be closed or banned for speaking against the government or similar actions said to be non-peaceful. For political censorship in 2019, see the article on Censorship and media control during the Venezuelan presidential crisis.

Beyond limited press freedom in Venezuela, sources may need to be more heavily vetted because of the conflicting government tensions. In an article on the United States, for example, different reliable sources with noticeable political opinions can still be relied upon to give the same news; using only one or the other to source that piece of news on Wikipedia is typically not an issue. Regarding Venezuela, the disputed President Nicolás Maduro has actually called out Wikipedia about the article on his opponent Juan Guaidó[c] during a period of edit wars in January 2019, when Wikipedia was blocked in the country for over a week, over technicalities of constitution and presidency as debated by the Venezuelan media – the different reliable sources' political opinions had found a time to shine through because of the unique situation: 'facts' were unclear and 'truth' depended largely on partisanship.

By reliability

Generally reliable sources

Per a talkpage discussion and proposal within the WikiProject,1 the following sources — with their associated advice — are seen as generally reliable for news regarding Venezuela, specifically news that is not available from mainstream Western media and press associations. The Venezuelan branches of Reuters, the AFP and the AP are also seen as reliable. The Venezuela WikiProject has not discussed reliability of other sources in relation to the topic.

Name Description
Al Navío
Armando.Info Investigative journalist site that focuses on corruption investigations.
Crónica Uno
Efecto Cocuyo An independent pro-opposition news website[3][4][5] founded by independent female journalists who have all been threatened by the Bolivarian government,[6] its director has won a press freedom award and was one of the "Guardians" profiled as TIME Person of the Year 2018.[7] Efecto Cocuyo has been recognized as less-biased and having a more rigorous editorial process compared to other Venezuelan online outlets.[8] Multiple daily updates to their site ranging from national to local coverage.

In 2018 the outlet would receive a Gabriel García Márquez Journalism Award.[9]

  1. ^ a b "Threats, lies and censorship: Media in Venezuela" (PDF). International Media Support. June 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2023. very few outlets are truly independent. Overall, it can be said that both pro-government and pro-opposition media have contributed to the escalating polarization of society. Rather than reporting on the challenges facing Venezuela, many media outlets have become part of the problem instead of the solution. Concentration of media ownership by business groups favorable to the government or directly by the State has led to high levels of direct and indirect censorship in the newsrooms. On the other hand, a number of outlets are owned by individuals linked to the traditional economic elite, which remains closely connected to the two former ruling parties. Thus, the editorial line of these outlets tends to follow the line of the opposition. The few independent media challenging Maduro's administration that still survive, most of them being online, suffer from blockages, shortage of paper, and/or administrative constraints.
  2. ^ "Clasificación Mundial de la Libertad de Prensa RSF 2023 | Tabla de países" [RSF World Press Freedom Index 2023 | Table of countries]. Reporters Without Borders (in Spanish). 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
  3. ^ "BBC Monitoring – Essential Media Insight". BBC Monitoring. 2019. clearly pro-opposition is the news website Efecto Cocuyo
  4. ^ La muerte nuestra de cada día: violencia armada y políticas de seguridad ciudadana en Venezuela (Primeraición ed.). Bogotá, D.C: Editorial Universidad del Rosario. 2021. ISBN 9789587848113. El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo y Runrunes (que siguen una línea de oposición al Gobierno) (El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo and Runrunes (which follow a line of opposition to the Government))
  5. ^ "Un mandat d'arrêt a été émis contre le nouveau conseil d'administration du parlement parallèle de l'opposition vénézuélienne". Europa Press (in Canadian French). Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  6. ^ de los Ángeles Martínezel, María (15 January 2015). "Efecto Cocuyo, "periodismo que ilumina" en Venezuela" (in Spanish). Miami Diario. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
  7. ^ Vick, Karl. "TIME Person of the Year 2018: The Guardians". Time. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  8. ^ Cañiález, Andrés (November 2020). "Conversaciones sobre la disnformación: Tiempos de pandemia por la COVID-19" (PDF). Andrés Bello Catholic University (in Spanish). p. 37-38. Retrieved 8 June 2023. they can also become quite biased. Many times La Patilla accompanies the complaint with a clear political bias. This situation is different in much lesser-known online media, or with less traffic, such as El Pitazo or Efecto Cocuyo, which have much less reach than La Patilla, but have a much more rigorous treatment of the news.
  9. ^ "Reportaje de El Tiempo y Efecto Cocuyo gana premio Gabo 2018 en la categoría de cobertura" (in Spanish). Efecto Cocuyo. 4 October 2018.
El Carabobeño Regional newspaper that as significant coverage of national topics as well
El Cooperante Founded in 2009
El Diario
El Estímulo Outlet with a wide range of news coverage, but also articles regarding analyses, food, sex and opinion articles
El Nacional Founded in 1943, El Nacional has historically been one of the main newspapers in Venezuela, along with its competitor El Universal. It has been recognized as a pro-opposition newspaper.[1][2][3]

Its online version, might be more useful currently as a news aggregator. In 2022 El Nacional republished an article from Breitbart ([6]), which is currently blacklisted from the English Wikipedia; its current fact checking process can be taken with a grain of salt.

El Nuevo Herald Spanish-language sibling of Miami Herald, the publisher's main newspaper. Miami based newspaper that has good coverage of the diaspora in the area.
El Pitazo It covers daily news but is more notable for its long form multimedia reports on the state of the nation; this is particularly good for statistics and analysis. It has been described as critical of the Venezuelan government.[4][5] El Pitazo has been recognized as less-biased and having a more rigorous editorial process compared to other Venezuelan online outlets.[6]

In 2019 El Pitazo won the Ortega y Gasset Award for Best Multimedia Coverage for its investigation "La generación del hambre"" (English: The generation of hunger) on infant starvation.[7] According to its director, this was the first time a Venezuelan outlet won the award.[8]

  1. ^ La muerte nuestra de cada día: violencia armada y políticas de seguridad ciudadana en Venezuela (Primeraición ed.). Bogotá, D.C: Editorial Universidad del Rosario. 2021. ISBN 9789587848113. El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo y Runrunes (que siguen una línea de oposición al Gobierno) (El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo and Runrunes (which follow a line of opposition to the Government))
  2. ^ "Venezuela's El Nacional newspaper to cease print edition". Associated Press. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  3. ^ "Venezuela's El Nacional paper stops the presses". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
  4. ^ "BBC Monitoring – Essential Media Insight". BBC Monitoring. 2019. clearly pro-opposition is the news website Efecto Cocuyo
  5. ^ "La propaganda de Rusia sobre la guerra se desliza en medios estatales de Venezuela". Voz de América (in Spanish). 31 March 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2023. digital newspapers critical of the ruling party, such as El Pitazo, El Nacional, La Patilla and Efecto Cocuyo
  6. ^ Cañiález, Andrés (November 2020). "Conversaciones sobre la disnformación: Tiempos de pandemia por la COVID-19" (PDF). Andrés Bello Catholic University (in Spanish). p. 37-38. Retrieved 8 June 2023. they can also become quite biased. Many times La Patilla accompanies the complaint with a clear political bias. This situation is different in much lesser-known online media, or with less traffic, such as El Pitazo or Efecto Cocuyo, which have much less reach than La Patilla, but have a much more rigorous treatment of the news.
  7. ^ "Mejor cobertura multimedia: 'La generación del hambre'". El País (in Spanish). 11 April 2019. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 14 April 2019. The report can be found at Connectas.
  8. ^ Nalvarte, Paola (12 April 2019). "Venezuelan site and Colombian news director among recipients of 2019 Ortega y Gasset awards". Knight Center. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
Miami Herald English-language sibling of El Nuevo Herald.
Prodavinci This is the "one-stop shop" for analytical journalism by politicians, historians, and various other professionals; it also has quite a strict attitude against opinion pieces.
Runrunes Pro-opposition investigative journalism site.[1][2][3] Founded by journalist Nelson Bocaranda, ever since it has published multiple investigations. Runrunes also started the Monitor de Víctimas project, whose goal is to document homicides in the country. The professionalism of Bocaranda has been questioned for his rumor-spreading reporting.[4]
Tal Cual Founded by journalist, former guerrilla and historical leftist Teodoro Petkoff. Newspaper critical of the Venezuelan government.[5][6]
  1. ^ La muerte nuestra de cada día: violencia armada y políticas de seguridad ciudadana en Venezuela (Primeraición ed.). Bogotá, D.C: Editorial Universidad del Rosario. 2021. ISBN 9789587848113. El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo y Runrunes (que siguen una línea de oposición al Gobierno) (El Nacional, Efecto Cocuyo and Runrunes (which follow a line of opposition to the Government))
  2. ^ "Opposition journalist in Venezuela alleges plot to damage his reputation". LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center. 14 March 2012.
  3. ^ "Venezuelan journalist in eye of Chavez cancer storm". Reuters. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2023. With a daily drip-drip of rumors and details about Chavez's condition, the openly pro-opposition Bocaranda has garnered more than 670,000 followers
  4. ^ Toro, Francisco (23 September 2009). "He can run run, but he can't hide..." Caracas Chronicles. Retrieved 7 June 2023. Nelson Bocaranda has made a career out of pissing all over the code of professional ethics that makes up the backbone of journalism as a profession and rush to celebrate him as a brave voice speaking truth to power. A guy who took a perverse pride in publishing rumor, speculation and innuendo as fact, who never ever made any discernible effort to confirm any of the hundreds of tidbits he put in the air, who ruined any number of reputations over decades of publishing stuff
  5. ^ Lansberg-Rodríguez, Daniel (June 2015). Beyond Propaganda June 2015 - The New Authoritarians: Ruling Through Disinformation. London, United Kingdom: Legatum Institute. pp. 2–12. ISBN 9781907409837.
  6. ^ Cawthorne, Andrew (10 May 2012). "Chavez rival struggles to close gap in Venezuela race". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
VIVOplay Like VPItv (see entry below), VIVOplay focuses on correspondents, on-site reporting and videos. It has extensive coverage on live news, although care should be taken with primary sources.
VPItv A sidekick to the large rebel alliance, with the downside that as a largely video-based service (operating mostly on YouTube when it becomes inevitably blocked) it may not always be seen as reputable.

Additional considerations apply

Name Extra information
Alberto News Registered in Venezuela, gives world news and local Venezuelan stories. It covers topics like expected of any Western source: political news and things very far from political reporting.
Can be opinionated and pro-opposition. It once published a news story claiming that 93 countries of the United Nations General Assembly voted in favor of the "humanitarian intervention" in Venezuela back in 2018. This news was false. It appears that the story was taken down, but it was on the website for almost a year before being corrected. While this seems to be an exception and not the rule, it is suggested to take the links from this site with a grain of salt.
Aporrea Bolivarian government supportive but, in news (avoid the opinion pieces), it does not have the insert of opinion that other Maduro-supporting sources do, so is more reliable than those for plain information on Maduro-government-aligned people. Has had more editorial independence recently, so it shouldn't be completely ruled out of unbiased consideration. Care should also be taken for opinion pieces and user generated content. It was blocked by the government in early 2023.
See also: RfC: Aporrea
Caraota Digital Pro-opposition opinionated and yellow press.[1]
Caracas Chronicles Technically a blog, but run by respected journalists and often has interviews with people in the news, and it's all in English.
Center for Economic and Policy Research Run by partisan members to Chávez and Maduro, its founder and director, Mark Weisbrot, is a noted supporter of Chávez. Not a news source, economic reports must be supported with secondary sources and use in-line attribution. See also: RfC
Cinco8 Caracas Chronicles' Spanish-language sister blog.
DolarToday Relevant source for US dollar/bolívar conversion rates. For other news, it is pro-opposition opinionated and yellow press.
El Universal It was a recognized newspaper for almost a century, however, under pressure from the Venezuelan regime, in 2014 it was sold and changed its editorial perspective. Since 2014, the slant often softens or avoids issues that harm the Venezuelan regime. [2][3][4][5][6]
  1. ^ "BBC Monitoring – Essential Media Insight". BBC Monitoring. 2019.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ [3]
  5. ^ [4]
  6. ^ [5]
La Patilla Opiniated and pro-opposition, like Maduradas (see entry below). It has been regularly censored by the government.

Its director Alberto Federico Ravell previously served as director of the television channel Globovisión before founding La Patilla. In 2019, during the Venezuelan presidential crisis, Ravell was appointed by Juan Guaidó as his director of the National Center of Communications.[1]

La Patilla has republished content from Breitbart ([7][8][9], although the most recent one was retracted), which is currently blacklisted in the English Wikipedia. Care must be taken when information is attributed to other websites.

  1. ^ "Alberto Ravell, vocero de Juan Guaidó: "El gobierno le teme a la movilización"". Infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 5 June 2023.
Maduradas Pro-opposition opinionated and yellow press. Should not be used as main source.
Noticiero Digital Arguably a good outlet as supportive reference and possibly has more value as a news aggregator than as an outlet, but apparently lacks editorial oversight and it's important to distinguish opinion pieces when using it
Últimas Noticias It is currently generally unreliable for politics. Characterized by The Guardian in 2019 as a "pro-Maduro tabloid",[Phillips 1] it is privately owned by British financier Robert Hanson and is run with a partisan editorial slant which, since 2014, has resulted in some objectively false stories.

It may be reliable for non-politics, particularly non-news, but also demonstrates Chavista nationalism and should be attributed in-line.

Before Hanson's purchase, it was a leading non-partisan news source in Venezuela that covered protests and campaigned for press freedom; earlier articles are seen as reliable sources.

  1. ^ Phillips, Tom (24 March 2019). "Venezuela opposition fears crackdown after Maduro threatens arrests". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
Voice of America & Voz de América Voice of America is a broadcasting agency of the United States government. Note that there are two fields of coverage in Venezuela, one that is independently run, and the other which has its main presenter/host who also explores Madurismo perspectives. However, he's a good journalist and handles it neutrally, so this only needs to be given a question of bias (rather than avoiding).

Generally unreliable sources

Name Extra information
Bolivarian Communication and Information System The following sources are part of the Venezuelan state media conglomerate of the Bolivarian Communication and Information System attached to the Ministry of Communication and Information. As such, they lack editorial independence, are considered generally unreliable when reporting about Venezuelan topics and should not be used as main sources:
El Chigüire Bipolar Satirical news portal, similar to The Onion, and winner of the 2017 Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent. Should not be used as a reference of facts. Can be used as a primary source for itself, and a secondary source for public/popular reactions displayed in its work.
CoinDesk From RfC 2: "there is near-unanimous consensus that CoinDesk is often undue and that mainstream sources should be preferred wherever possible", thus: "Coindesk should not be used for notability" and "it should generally be avoided as a source when possible".
See also: RfC 1 and RfC 2
La Hojilla Pro-government opinion television program, started in 2004 and discontinued in 2013.
La Iguana Pro-government opinionated
PanAm Post Perennial sources: "There is consensus that the PanAm Post is generally unreliable for factual reporting. Most editors consider the publication biased or opinionated. Some editors note that the PanAm Post is used by other reliable sources and only believe that its opinion section should be avoided." RfC discussion.
Periodista Digital Anti-government opinionated, mixes opinion with facts. Its reliability needs to be further discussed, but it is questionable.
Rebelion.org Rebelion.org incorporates information published in other outlets (including those with user generated content, such as Aporrea), which means that it is not the original source of the information. For this reason, Rebelión was blacklisted in the Spanish Wikipedia in June 2008. Rebelión is also significantly biased, including in its coverage of Venezuela. As such, it is an unreliable source.
See also: Magister Mathematicae/rebelión (Spanish briefing on the reasons of the blacklist in the Spanish Wikipedia) and Temas recurrentes#Inclusión de rebelion.org en la lista negra (FAQ regarding the blacklist)
Venezuelanalysis Perennial sources: "generally unreliable for factual reporting"
See also: Very long discussion, Discussion in reference to Chávez article 1 and Chávez discussion 2.
Venezuelan Ministry of Health As a state source, the Venezuelan Ministry of Health should be avoided. Furthermore, it is specifically an unreliable and corrupt source, and should not be used. Its reports are often undated and unattributed, and often disappear. It did not report statistics between 2015 and 2017; in 2017, the health minister Antonieta Caporale [es] published infant and maternal mortality rates, showing an alarming increase. She was immediately fired and the report retracted.[MOH 1] In terms of Occupational safety and health, the Ministry's statistics "are not updated and are unreliable regarding occupational accidents and diseases."[MOH 2] In 2017, UNICEF wrote that "the lack of timely, disaggregated and reliable official data about children limited the evidence of the impact of the crisis."[MOH 3]
  1. ^ "Venezuela health minister fired over mortality stats". BBC. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  2. ^ Caraballo-Arias, Yohama (July–August 2015). "Occupational Safety and Health in Venezuela". Annals of Global Health. 81 (4): 512–521. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.022/.
  3. ^ UNICEF (2017). "UNICEF Annual Report 2017 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)" (Document). p. 21. ((cite document)): Cite document requires |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)

Blacklisted

The following sources are a selection of sources often publishing about Venezuela and which have been blacklisted through RfC's. The below sources may be used to cite their opinions as a primary source; if used they must be attributed in-line.

Name Extra information
Breitbart Deprecated sources: "Due to persistent abuse, Breitbart.com is on the Wikipedia spam blacklist, and links must be whitelisted before they can be used. The site has published a number of falsehoods, conspiracy theories, and intentionally misleading stories as fact."
Con El Mazo Dando Talk show of Diosdado Cabello, Vice President of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela. As such, it lacks editorial independence, is considered generally unreliable when reporting about Venezuelan and should not be used as a main source.

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has expressed concerns about how the program has intimidated people that went to the IACHR denouncing the government,[CEMD 1] and Amnesty International has denounced the way in which Cabello routinely shows state monitoring of people that may disagree with the government.[CEMD 2] Some Venezuelan commentators have compared the use of illegally recorded private conversations on programs such as Cabello's to the practices in place in the East Germany.[CEMD 3]

  1. ^ IACHR Expresses Alarm over Intimidation in Venezuela directed against People Who Come before the Inter-American Human Rights System (OAS press release)
  2. ^ Amnesty International report on TV program
  3. ^ La Vida de los Otros (El Nacional) Archived 21 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine
CounterPunch Deprecated sources: "clear consensus to deprecate CounterPunch.Multiple examples were provided of misleading, fringe, or downright false statements published on the site. Many users agreed that the site itself leans towards favoring fringe viewpoints, and publishes such viewpoints preferentially, not indiscriminately."
The Grayzone Deprecated sources: "consensus that The Grayzone publishes false or fabricated information. Some editors describe The Grayzone as Max Blumenthal's blog, and question the website's editorial oversight."
HispanTV Deprecated sources: "overwhelming consensus that HispanTV is both generally unreliable and that sometimes it even publishes outright fabrications"
Lechuguinos Pro-government opinionated and yellow press. Lechuguinos has also been shown reporting misleading or false information in cooperation with unreliable and state outlets.
MintPress News Deprecated sources: "consensus that the site publishes false or fabricated information."
RT Deprecated sources: "RT is generally unreliable for topics that are controversial or related to international politics." In addition, the impact of bias from RT in relation to Venezuela topics in particular means that it should not be used; if the information is legitimate, more reliable sources will have published it.
Sputnik Deprecated sources: "There is clear consensus that Sputnik News is generally unreliable. Sputnik is considered a Russian propaganda outlet that engages in bias and disinformation." In addition, the impact of bias from Sputnik in relation to Venezuela topics in particular means that it should not be used; if the information is legitimate, more reliable sources will have published it.
TeleSur Deprecated sources: "consensus exists to deprecate Telesur as a source"
See also: Citing gov't claims from TeleSur and TeleSur English deprecated.
Venezuela News Disinformation website that started operating around late 2021. The outlet's vicepresident is Lenin Dávila, who has also been the director of Lechuguinos.

By type

Academic sources

Name Scope/Additional information
Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela (Empresas Polar) It is considered generally reliable for historical figures and events.
Mujeres Referentes Repository of biographies of over 200 Venezuelan women, coordinated by El Pitazo, Runrun.es y TalCual.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
VenezuelaTuya It is a popular outlet that provides encyclopedic-like articles on Venezuelan history, geography and culture. Articles sometimes include references. Information taken from this page has to be used with precaution.

VenezuelaTuya never includes the date or author of its articles. VenezuelaTuya also works as a travel agency. Some of its content are violations of other sources copyrights, namely the Empresas Polar History Dictionary.

Civil society

Name Scope/Additional information
Acceso a la Justicia
(English: Justice Access) 		Venezuelan NGO focused on monitoring judicial independence and rule of law in the country.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Acción Solidaria Venezuelan NGO seeking to combat the spread of HIV in Venezuela and other Spanish speaking countries.
See also:

About page (in Spanish)

CEPAZ
(Spanish: Centro de Justicia y Paz - English: Peace and Justice Center) 		Venezuelan human rights NGO
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Espacio Público
(English: Public Space) 		Venezuelan NGO focused human rights promotion and defense, specifically of freedom of expression, right of information and the social responsibility of media outlets.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Foro Penal
(English: Penal Forum) 		Venezuelan NGO that provides pro bono legal assistance and documents violations of due process, arbitrary arrests and mistreatment during detention. The organization periodically publishes the current number of political prisoners in Venezuela. Its director, Alfredo Romero, was awarded the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award in 2017, and its vice-director, Gonzalo Himiob, was awarded the Civil Courage Prize in 2019.
See also: Brief discussion on Venezuelan NGOs
IPYS
(Spanish: Instituto Prensa y Sociedad Venezuela - English: Venezuelan Press and Society Institute) 		Venezuelan NGO focused promotion of freedom of expression, investigation journalism and information rights.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Monitor de Víctimas
(English: Victim Monitor) 		Website collaboration between Correo del Caroní, Crónica Uno, El Nacional, El Pitazo, Projiuris and Runrunes to document homicides in Caracas and Bolívar state.[1]
PROVEA
(Spanish: Programa Venezolano de Educación Acción en Derechos Humanos - English: Venezuelan Human Rights Action Education Program) 		Venezuelan human rights NGO. Founded in 1988, shortly before Massacre of El Amparo, committed during the presidency of Jaime Lusinchi. Provea later help to present the case in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The organization was awarded the John Humphrey Freedom Award in 2010 and nowadays it continues to document and denounce human rights violations in the country.
See also: About page, Press release of the 30th anniversary of El Amparo massacre (in Spanish)
RedUni Venezuelan NGO focused on the promotion and defense of human rights of the university community.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Transparencia Venezuela Venezuelan NGO focued in government transparency and corruption. Has good profiles of the members of the National Assembly.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Sin Mordaza
(English: No Gags) 		Venezuelan human rights NGO.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Una Ventana a la Libertad
(English: One Window to Freedom) 		Venezuelan NGO focused on documenting and denouncing penitentiary conditions and detainees human rights
See also: About page (in Spanish)

Fact-checkers

Name Scope/Additional information
Cazadores de Fake News Fact-checker that monitors WhatsApp and social media hoaxes related to Venezuela that relies on crowdsourcing.
See also: Main Page in English
Cocuyo Chequea Fact-checking section of Efecto Cocuyo (see entry above).
See also: Category (in Spanish)
Cotejo Info Fact-checker started on 2016.
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Es Paja Fact-checker created by Transparencia Venezuela with support of the European Union
See also: Fact-checking method (in Spanish)
Observatorio Venezolano de Fake News
See also: About page (in Spanish)
Verifikado Fact-checker active between 2018 and 2020. Currently inactive, though its articles can still be browsed through its Twitter page (@veri_fikado) and can be accessed through the Web Archive. For fact checking after 2020, see other entries of the section.

See also: Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_283#RfC:_Center_for_Economic_and_Policy_Research_(CEPR) (related RSN discussion)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "World Press Freedom Index 2015". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  2. ^ https://rsf.org/en/ranking
  3. ^ "Maduro: La oposición tiene 'un presidente de la república de Wikipedia'". El Comercio (Peru) (in Spanish). 16 January 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
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  1. ^ "Venezuela Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report" (PDF). European Asylum Support Office. European Union. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
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