2S19 Msta-S
A 2S19M2 Msta-S during a rehearsal of the 2014 Moscow Victory Day Parade held in Alabino
Type	Self-propelled howitzer
Place of origin	Soviet Union/Russia
Service history
In service	1989–present
Used by	See § Operators
Wars	Second Chechen War Russo-Ukrainian War Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Production history
Designer	Uraltransmash
Designed	1980
Manufacturer	Uraltransmash
Produced	1988–present
No. built	~1,130 (est. 1988–2019, inc. prototypes)[1]
Specifications
Mass	42 tonnes (93,000 lb)
Length	7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
Width	3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height	2.99 m (9 ft 10 in)
Crew	5
Elevation	−4° to +68°
Traverse	360°
Rate of fire	2S19: 6–8 rounds/min 2S19M2: 10 rounds/min
Maximum firing range	Standard round: 24.7 km (15.3 mi) Base bleed: 29 km (18 mi) RAP: 36 km (22 mi)[2]
Armour	15 mm all-around[3]
Main armament	152 mm 2A64 L47-caliber howitzer
Secondary armament	12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
Engine	Diesel V-84A 840 hp (630 kW)
Power/weight	20 hp/tonne
Suspension	Torsion bar
Operational range	500 km (310 mi)
Maximum speed	60 km/h (37 mph)

The 2S19 Msta-S is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed and manufactured by Uraltransmash in the Soviet Union and later in Russia, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya. The vehicle has the running gear of the T-80, but is powered by the T-72's diesel engine.^[4]

Development

The Msta-S (also known by the GRAU index 2S19) bears the Msta (Russian: Мста, after the river Msta) howitzer, which was designed for deployment either on a self-propelled vehicle or as a towed gun. The 2S19 Msta-S is the armoured self-propelled howitzer, while the 2A65 Msta-B is an unarmoured towed gun.^{[citation needed]}

Development of the 2S19 started in 1980 under the project name Ferma. The prototype was known as Obiekt 316. The 2S19's standard equipment consists of a semi-automatic laying system 1P22, an automatic loader, an NBC protection system, passive night-vision device for the driver, a vehicle snorkel, a dozer blade, a smoke generator and 81 mm smoke launchers, 1V116 intercom system and a 16 kW generator AP-18D. In 2008, the Russian Armed Forces ordered an improved model with an automated fire-control system.^{[citation needed]}

Specifications

Msta-S specifications provided by manufacturer

• Range:
  • 24.7 km (15.3 mi) standard round
  • 28.9 km (18.0 mi) base-bleed
  • 36 km (22 mi) rocket-assisted
• Rate of fire: 6–8 rounds per minute
• Weapon elevation: −4° to +68°
• Weapon traverse: 360°
• Deployment time: 22 minutes
• Unit of fire: 50 rounds

Variants

• 1K17 Szhatie – a "laser tank" armed with a battery of lasers meant to disable optoelectronic systems; based on the Msta-S.^[5]
• 2S19M1 (unveiled in 2000, first deliveries in 2007) – Improved fire-control system and added GLONASS antenna. Modernised V-84AMS engine.^[5]
• 2S19M2 or 2S33 Msta-SM2 (2013) – Improved version currently in production equipped with a new automatic fire-control system which increases the rate of fire to 10 rounds per minute. Digital electronic maps are now available which significantly speeds up the terrain orientation in difficult geographical conditions and allows performing faster and more efficiently firing missions. The 2S33 Msta-SM2 howitzer is fitted with a new 2A79 152 mm/L60 ordnance that has improved ballistics. It can fire ammunition with more propellant charges and with a higher breech pressure than the original 2S19 Msta-S. The gun is longer and has a heavier barrel. As a result, it has a greater range of fire. Maximum range of fire with standard HE-FRAG shells is 30 km (19 mi) and 40 km (25 mi) with rocket-assisted shells.^[6]
• 2S19M1-155 (2006) – 155 mm export version of the 2S19M1, fitted with an L/52 gun with a range of more than 40 km (25 mi). Modernised in 2020.^[7]
• 2S21 Msta-K – Wheeled variant, based on an eight-wheel truck chassis. It used the 2A67 gun, a variant of the 2A65 modified for use from wheeled platforms. There were several different prototypes, including one based on the Ural-5323 and one on the KrAZ-6316. The project was abandoned in 1987.^[5]
• 2S19M (also known as 2S30 Iset and 2S33 Msta-SM) – Project for a version with improved range and rate of fire, easier maintenance and optimised manufacturing process. Started between the 1990s and the early 2000s, but quickly abandoned in favour of the 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV.^[5]
• 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV – Project for a new artillery system for the Russian Ground Forces (SV stands for "sukhoputniye voyska"). Early prototypes consisted of a 2S19 chassis with modified turret, fitted with an over-and-under dual autoloaded 152 mm howitzer. Development of this variant was abandoned in favour of an entirely new artillery system using the same designation.^[8]

Operational use

Msta-S howitzers were used by the Russian Ground Forces to deliver artillery strikes against Chechen separatists during the Second Chechen War.^[9]

Msta-S howitzers have been used in the Russo-Ukrainian War by the pro-Russian separatists who captured one machine during the conflict.^[10]

Both Msta-B and Msta-S were used by the Ukrainian Ground Forces in the Battle of Bakhmut.^[11]

As of 16 December 2023^[update], there is visual evidence of Russian forces losing 171 Msta-S (123 destroyed, 11 damaged, 2 abandoned and 35 captured) and 35 Msta-SM2 (17 destroyed, 2 damaged and 16 captured).^[12]

Operators

Current operators

•  Azerbaijan – 18^[13]
•  Belarus – 12^[1]
•  Ethiopia – 10^[14]
•  Georgia – 1^[15]
•  Russia – Approximately 760 in service (including over 260 2S19M1 and over 210 2S19M2) and 270 more stored as of 2020.^{[1][16][17][18]} More 2S19M1s and Msta-SM2s are being delivered.^{[19][20][21][22][23]}
•  Ukraine – 40,^[24] plus at least 35 2S19 Msta-S and 16 2S33 Msta-SM2 have been captured during the Russia-Ukraine war.^{[12][dubious – discuss]}
•  Venezuela – 48^[25]

Russia recently offered its Msta-S 152 mm howitzer to foreign countries, particularly in the Middle East. A demonstration was organised in 2020 by Rosoboronexport, the country's nodal agency for arms export, for representatives from various Middle Eastern countries.^[26]

Former operators

•  Soviet Union

Similar vehicles

• 2S3 Akatsiya – Russian 152 mm self-propelled howitzer
• AHS Krab – Polish 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• AMX-30 AuF1 – French 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• AS-90 – British 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• K9 Thunder – South Korean self-propelled 155 mm howitzer
• M109 howitzer – American 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• Panzerhaubitze 2000 – German 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• PLZ-05 – Chinese 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• PLZ-45 – Chinese 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• T-155 Fırtına – Turkish 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
• Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer – Japanese artillery