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((More citations needed|date=June 2021))
((Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
| native_name        = Бар <br> Tivar
| native_name_lang   = cnr
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Montenegro|City]] and [[Municipalities of Montenegro|municipality]]
| official_name      = 
| nickname           = 
| pushpin_map        = Montenegro
| pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Montenegro
| pushpin_mapsize    = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = ((MNE))
| subdivision_type1  = [[Municipalities of Montenegro|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[File: Flag of Bar, Montenegro.svg|25px|border]] [[Bar Municipality|Bar]]
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| image_skyline      = <!-- images and maps  -----------> ((multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow            = 1/2/2/2/2
| total_width       = 250
| image1 = Stari Bar, Montenegro, 2014-04-18, DD 03.JPG
| image2 = Храм св. Јована Владимира у Бару .JPG
| image3 = Порт города Бар. 4 июня 2019.jpg
| footer = From the top, [[Stari Bar]], [[Church of St. Jovan Vladimir, Bar|Church of St. Jovan Vladimir]], The Port of Bar))
| image_size         = 
| image_caption      = 
| map_caption        = Location of Bar, Montenegro Montenegro.
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| population_as_of   = 2023 census
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Dušan Raičević ([[Democratic Party of Socialists|DPS]])
| leader_party       = 
| area_total_km2     = 598
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[List of cities in Montenegro|3rd in Montenegro]]
| population_blank1  = 46,171 ((increase))
| population_blank1_title = Municipality
| population_density_km2 = 67.0
| population_urban   = 15,868 ((increase))
| population_rural   = 30,303 ((increase))
| population_demonym = Barani
| parts_type         = Settlements
| parts              = 85
| coordinates        = ((coord|42.10|19.10|region:ME|display=inline,title))
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in Montenegro|Area code]]|
| area_code          = +382&nbsp;30
| blank1_info_sec1   = BR
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Vehicle registration plates of Montenegro|Car&nbsp;plates]]
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Montenegro|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 85000
| blank_info_sec1    = ME-02
| blank_name_sec1    = [[ISO 3166-2:ME|ISO 3166-2&nbsp;code]]
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[Hot-summer mediterranean climate|Csa]]
| website            = ((URL|bar.me|Official website))
| image_flag         = Flag of Bar, Montenegro.svg
| flag_link          = 
| image_shield       = Coat of Arms of Bar.png
| shield_link        = Coat of arms of Bar
))
((otheruses|Bar (disambiguation)))

'''Bar''' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Bar,((Efn|Written identically in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]].|name=native name 2)) Бар,((Efn|Written identically in [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Serbian Cyrillic]].|name=native name 3)) ((IPA-sh|bâr|pron)), ((Lang-sq|Tivar/-i))) is a coastal town and [[seaport]] in southern [[Montenegro]]. It is the capital of the [[Bar Municipality]] and a center for tourism. According to the 2023 census, the city proper had 15,868 inhabitants, while the total population of Bar Municipality was 46,171.<ref name=Monstat>((cite web|title=Preliminary results of the 2023 Census of Population, Households, and Dwellings|url=https://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=1915&pageid=1708|publisher=Monstat|access-date=25 January 2024))</ref>

==Name==
Bar is supposed to be a shortened Slavic variant of ''Antivari''.<ref>Room A. ''Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites''. 2nd edition, 2005. ((ISBN|0786422483))</ref><ref name=":0" /> The name is thought to be derived from the Latin ''Antibarum'' or ''Antibari'', which later in Greek was transformed into ''Antivárion / Antivari'' due to its pronunciation. A name taken because of its location and which means "in front of [[Bari]]".<ref>((Cite book|last=Pouqueville|first=François Charles Hugues Laurent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnBcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11-IA6|title=Viaggio in Morea a Costantinopoli ed in Albania non che in molte altre parti dell'Impero Ottomano negli anni 1798, 1799, 1800 e 1801|date=1829|pages=189–192|volume=VIII|publisher=Stamperia. Alliana|language=it))</ref> Variations are in [[Italian language|Italian]], ''Antivari / Antibari''; in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], ''Tivari'' or ''Tivar''; in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], ''Bar'';  in [[Greek language|Greek]], Θηβάριον, ''Thivárion'', Αντιβάριον, ''Antivárion''; in [[Latin]], ''Antibarium''.

==History==

===Ancient times===
Bar is a historic city. It has not been historically established when it was created, but archaeological findings of substantial extent prove the presence of life in this location during prehistoric times.<ref name=":0" /> Local archaeological findings date to the [[Neolithic]] era. It is assumed that Bar was mentioned as the reconstructed [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] castle, ''Antipargal'', in the 6th century. The name ''Antibarium'' was quoted for the first time in the 10th century.((citation needed|date=June 2014))

===Middle Ages===
In the 6th and 7th centuries, [[Slavs]] occupied the [[Balkans]]. [[Duklja]], a Slavic state, was mentioned in the 10th century. [[Jovan Vladimir]] (ruler 1000–1016), of [[Skadarska Krajina]] is the first ruler of Duklja whose history is known. [[Stefan Vojislav]] (ruler 1018–1043), the eponymous founder of the [[Vojislavljević dynasty]], defeated the [[Byzantine]]s in [[Battle of Bar|a battle on a hill near Bar]]. He made Bar his seat of power. Vojislav then expanded the area under his rule. [[Mihailo I of Duklja]] (ruler 1050–1081), Vojislav's son, established the [[Archdiocese of Antivari]]. He continued to fight the Byzantines in order to secure the town's independence. This led to a union of states known as the [[Serbian Grand Principality]]. From 1101 to 1166, the principality was ruled by the [[Vukanović dynasty]]. However from 1166 to 1183, Bar was under Byzantine rule. In 1183, [[Stefan Nemanja]] conquered and destroyed Bar. Until 1360 it was ruled by the [[Nemanjić dynasty|Nemanjić]] dynasty. From 1360 onward, it comes under the control of the [[Balšić noble family]], and Queen Jelena and [[Balša III]] establish the capital there.<ref>Lovorka Čoralić, Vol. 23, 2005. Izbjeglištvo kao sudbina – Barani u Mlecima (XIV.–XVII. st.) https://hrcak.srce.hr/7449 #page=89</ref><ref name=":0">((Cite web |title=History |url=https://bar.me/o-baru/osnovne-informacije/istorijat/))</ref>

===Venetian and Ottoman period===
Between 1405 and 1412. [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] control the Bar, and this is also the time when the city has seen the most growth. The Venetians grant the Barans rights in an effort to appease and win them over, and as a result, Bar develops into a sort of [[city-state]]. Barans had their own Statute of Communes, were in charge of their own defense, possessed judicial authority, printed their own currency, and were exempt from military service in times of war. After the Venetians, Bar is again ruled by the Balšićs, and besides them, [[Stefan Lazarević]] and [[Đurađ Branković]] in the first half of the 15th century held Bar in their hands.<ref name=":0" />[[File:Vues iv41055.jpg|thumb|Bar in 1863]]
From 1443 to 1571, the region was ruled by  Venice who called it ''Antivari'', and it was part of the [[Albania Veneta]]. It was a town with its own [[coat of arms]], flag, statute and mint. In 1571, the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] captured Antivari and held the town until 1878.((Sfn|Vasić|2005|p=101)) The [[archdiocese]] was preserved. With the Ottoman conquest, the Catholic Church in the border area and the [[Archdiocese of Bar]] began to collapse, because indigenous people began to migrate as Ottomans to that area brought a new ethnic and religious element. Because of a lack of Catholic priests, entire [[parish]]es were converted to Orthodoxy.<ref>Ivan Jovović, 2013,  Dvooltarske crkve na crnogorskom primorju, {Glavni razlozi propadanja katoličke crkve na graničnim područjima, kao što je na primjer barska arhidijeceza jeste emigracija starosjedilačkog stanovništva, ali i imigracija ovog etničkog i vjerskog elementa, koje dovode Turci, "The main reasons for  collapse of the Catholic Church in border areas, such as Archdiocese of Bar, are  emigration of the indigenous population, but also immigration
of new ethnic and religious element, brought by the Turks"} https://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/53/06%20ivan%20jovovic.pdf #page= 67</ref>   One of the archbishops during this period was [[Andrija Zmajević]]. 

In 1571, The Ottomans expelled the Orthodox and Catholic population.((Sfn|Vasić|2005|p=128)) 

In 1878, The Ottomans ceded Antivari to Montenegro at the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]], after losing the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)|Russo-Turkish War]]. Montenegro's initial main goal in the negotiations was its expansion in [[Herzegovina]] and the [[Sanjak of Novi Pazar]], but Austro-Hungarian expansion made it unrealistic. The Ottomans, represented by [[Alexander Karatheodori Pasha]], declared that they would cede the port of [[Sutomore|Spizza]] to Montenegro but not Bar and other areas because they claimed they were primarily inhabited by Catholics and Muslim Albanians. After negotiations between Foreign Ministers [[Gyula Andrássy]] (Austria-Hungary) and [[Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov]] (Russia), it was agreed that Bar would be ceded to Montenegro in return for Russian support for Austrian control over [[Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Herzegovina]]. The city-port of Bar itself became militarily neutral, the total number of Montenegrin vessels in the port was placed under limitations and Austria-Hungary acquired the right of patrol of Bar's coastline.<ref>((cite book |last1=MacKenzie |first1=David |title=The Serbs and Russian Pan-Slavism, 1875-1878 |date=1967 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=0801402832 |page=317 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bQMAAAAIAAJ))</ref>

In 1885 The castle of [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nikola]] was built there. The king had it constructed for his daughter [[Princess Zorka of Montenegro|Princess Zorka]] and his future son-in-law [[Prince Petar Karadjordjevic]]. It has a chapel, watchtower, winter garden, small and huge castles, and a park. A wooden pier for docking ships was located in front of the structure. Additionally, there is a sizable flower shop with unique construction, a gift from King Emmanuel of Italy, and a catering establishment called "''Knjaeva bata''." The former castle complex is now the Bara Heritage Museum, which hosts cultural events.

In the new Montenegrin Orthodox state, Bar went through urban depopulation because many of its urban inhabitants which were in fact Muslims either left or were expelled from the town. In the late 1850s, the town had 4,000 inhabitants, 62.5% of which were Muslims.  More than half of its population left or was expelled after 1878. The first population register of the town under Montenegrin administration in 1879, counted 1,879 inhabitants. Muslims were 30.9% of the population, 24.6% were Catholics (mostly Albanians) in addition to Orthodox (mostly Montenegrins and Serbs).<ref name="Palairet">((cite book|last=Palairet|first=Michael R.|title=The Balkan Economies C.1800-1914: Evolution Without Development|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521522564|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V0pYzAS7Q-0C&pg=PA31|page=31))</ref>((Request quotation|date=May 2022))

===Contemporary===
When the Montenegrins recaptured the city after Russo-Turkish War, life could not be organized in it due to the destruction of war. The population first moved to Podgrađe, and the urban core was formed at the beginning of the 20th century below Volujica. The settlement is called Pristan (Novi Bar).<ref name=":0" />

[[Guglielmo Marconi]], the [[Italian people|Italian]] scientist and pioneer in wireless telegraphy, using [[Nikola Tesla]]'s patented technology, made a radio connection between Antivari (Bar) and [[Bari]] on 30 August 1904. In 1908, the first railroad in this part of the Balkans was put into operation there.((cn|date=May 2021))

On 8 August 1914 Austria-Hungary responded to Montenegro's declaration of [[The Great War|war]] by sending their [[protected cruiser]]s SMS ''Zenta'' and SMS ''Szigetvár'' accompanied by the destroyer SMS ''Uskoke'' and torpedo boat ''72F'' to conduct an unopposed bombardment of the port of Antivari, targeting its wireless station and harbour facilities. They were driven away by coastal batteries and destroyed only a wireless station. The Austrians declared a formal blockade of the Montenegrin coastline on August 10. On August 16, SMS ''Zenta'' and an accompanying destroyer were ambushed and trapped off Antivari by a very large French fleet (over twelve battleships), and in the subsequent [[Battle of Antivari]] the ''Zenta'' was sunk with considerable loss of life. The destroyer escaped. On the 18 September following, the Austro-Hungarian coastal battleship [[SMS Budapest|SMS ''Budapest'']] with supporting warships bombarded Antivari, the port and facilities, causing major damage, and on October 17–18 the destroyers SMS ''Scharfschutze'', SMS ''Streiter'' and SMS ''Ulan'' bombarded Antivari's harbour. On November 18 the destroyer SMS ''Uskoke'' also conducted a brief bombardment. The Austrians made their largest raid to date on the evening and night of 1–2 March 1915 when their destroyers SMS ''Csikós'', SMS ''Streiter'', and SMS ''Ulan'' covered a raid by three torpedo-boats into Antivari harbour. The latter destroyed the main wharf and stocks of food and ammunitions along the waterfront, and captured the Montenegrin royal yacht ''Rumija'', which was later torpedoed. The destruction of the wharves prevented larger ships from unloading supplies at the port restricting Allied shipments of food and munitions to the Montenegrin army. The Allies realised that with the Austro-Hungarian naval base of [[Kotor|Cattaro]] close by there was little they could do.<ref>Noppen, Ryan K., ''Austro-Hungarian Cruisers and Destroyers 1914–18'', Osprey Publishing, U.K., 2016, pp. 27–29. ((ISBN|978-1-4728-1470-8))</ref> 

In 1918, Bar became part of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].

In 1945, Albanians in Bar were massacred by Yugoslavs partisans. This event is known as the [[Bar massacre]].

In 1976, Pristan was demolished, with the aim of expanding the Port in its place. The population was mainly moved to Topolica, where until urbanization there was only a complex of the Castle of King Nicholas.<ref name=":0" />

After the catastrophic earthquake of 1979, especially conditioned by the work of the Port of Bar, the city experienced a demographic boom. In the period until 1990, Bar was one of the crucial ports of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]], which was invested in and which became the political, industrial, tourist, cultural, sports center of the region. This was especially contributed by the opening of the roads Bar-Titograd in 1959 and Bar-Belgrade in 1976.<ref>((cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=1995 |title=Guide to Places of the World |location=London |publisher=[[Reader's Digest Association Ltd.]] |page=73 |isbn=0-276-42213-9))</ref>

When Montenegro signed an agreement with the [[China|Chinese]] Government to build a motorway from Bar to the [[Serbia|Serbian]] border (part of the [[Belt and Road Initiative|Belt and Road]] initiative) in 2014, large tracts of land around Bar were agreed as collateral in the event of the Montenegro government defaulting on payment of the 1 billion dollar loan. The project was financed by the [[Exim Bank of China|Export-Import Bank of China]].<ref>((Cite web|date=2021-05-07|title=The billion-dollar motorway leading Montenegro to nowhere|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/05/07/the-billion-dollar-motorway-leading-montenegro-to-nowhere|access-date=2021-09-01|website=euronews|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=How A Chinese-Built Highway Drove Montenegro Deep Into Debt|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/06/28/1010832606/road-deal-with-china-is-blamed-for-catapulting-montenegro-into-historic-debt|access-date=2021-09-01|website=NPR.org|language=en))</ref> Contractual disputes can only be resolved through a Chinese court.<ref>((Cite web|date=2021-08-30|title=Focus - Montenegro's highway to debt: Unfinished Chinese road comes with strings attached|url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/focus/20210830-montenegro-s-highway-to-debt-unfinished-chinese-road-comes-with-strings-attached|access-date=2021-09-01|website=France 24|language=en))</ref>

==Geography==

[[File:Vrsuta, 1182 m, pohled na J - Bar a riviera.jpg|thumb|View of Bar from Vrsuta mountain]]

===Location===
Bar is located on the coastal western border of Montenegro on the shore of the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It is approximately ((convert|53|km|mi)) from [[Podgorica]], the capital of Montenegro.To the east is the largest lake in the [[Balkan]]s, [[Lake Skadar]]. To the west, across the sea, is [[Italy]].<ref>[https://www.google.com.au/maps/@42.2066694,19.2816591,10.41z Montenegro] Google map accessed 23 October 2015.</ref>

===Climate===
Bar has a borderline [[humid subtropical]] (''Cfa'') and [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa'') in the [[Köppen climate classification]], since the driest month has ((convert|37|mm|in|abbr=in)) of precipitation, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean.<ref name=Peel>Peel, M. C. et al [http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf ''Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification.''] Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2007, Volume 11(1027–5606) pp1633–1644 DOI 10.5194 Hess-11-1633-2007.</ref> Winters are cool and rainy, with an average high of ((convert|12.3|C|F)) in January and a low of ((convert|4.3|C|F)). Snow is very rare occurrence in Bar, it usually snows once in a few years. The highest recorded snowfall occurred during January 2000, when ((convert|9|cm|in)) was measured. Summers are generally warmer, drier and sunnier than the winter months. During summer, the highest temperatures are around ((convert|27|to|28|C|F)) and the lowest ((convert|18|C|F)). Precipitation is low during the summer months, although rainfall can still occur, with July averaging 4.5 days with measurable precipitation. Spring and fall are transitional seasons that feature mild weather that can often be wet and unpredictable. There are, on average, 2523 hours of sunshine per year, ranging from a low of 111.6 hours in December to a high of 350.3 hours in July.<ref name = HMSM/>

((Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Bar, Montenegro (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 21.2
|Feb record high C = 27.2
|Mar record high C = 26.0
|Apr record high C = 30.7
|May record high C = 32.5
|Jun record high C = 36.6
|Jul record high C = 37.7
|Aug record high C = 37.0
|Sep record high C = 33.6
|Oct record high C = 32.3
|Nov record high C = 28.4
|Dec record high C = 22.6
|year record high C = 37.7
|Jan high C = 12.3
|Feb high C = 12.9
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 17.9
|May high C = 21.9
|Jun high C = 25.2
|Jul high C = 27.8
|Aug high C = 27.8
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 21.7
|Nov high C = 17.3
|Dec high C = 13.7

|Jan mean C = 8.3
|Feb mean C = 8.9
|Mar mean C = 10.6
|Apr mean C = 13.6
|May mean C = 17.7
|Jun mean C = 21.2
|Jul mean C = 23.4
|Aug mean C = 23.1
|Sep mean C = 20.4
|Oct mean C = 16.8
|Nov mean C = 13.1
|Dec mean C = 9.8

|Jan low C = 4.3
|Feb low C = 5.1
|Mar low C = 6.7
|Apr low C = 9.2
|May low C = 13.0
|Jun low C = 16.3
|Jul low C = 18.4
|Aug low C = 18.3
|Sep low C = 15.9
|Oct low C = 12.6
|Nov low C = 9.2
|Dec low C = 5.9
|Jan record low C = −7.2
|Feb record low C = −6.0
|Mar record low C = −5.5
|Apr record low C = 0.7
|May record low C = 4.7
|Jun record low C = 9.1
|Jul record low C = 12.2
|Aug record low C = 9.5
|Sep record low C = 7.9
|Oct record low C = -0.2
|Nov record low C = −2.4
|Dec record low C = −5.6
|year record low C = −7.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 155.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 149.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 130.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 126.1
|May precipitation mm = 86.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 56.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 36.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 53.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 106.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 139.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 182.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 169.9

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 13
|Feb precipitation days = 13
|Mar precipitation days = 12
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 9
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 5
|Aug precipitation days = 5
|Sep precipitation days = 7
|Oct precipitation days = 9
|Nov precipitation days = 14
|Dec precipitation days = 14

|Jan sun = 120.9
|Feb sun = 124.2
|Mar sun = 170.9
|Apr sun = 198.9
|May sun = 259.7
|Jun sun = 297.4
|Jul sun = 351.5
|Aug sun = 317.3
|Sep sun = 252.1
|Oct sun = 198.8
|Nov sun = 124.6
|Dec sun = 111.6

|Jan humidity = 65
|Feb humidity = 64
|Mar humidity = 67
|Apr humidity = 71
|May humidity = 73
|Jun humidity = 72
|Jul humidity = 68
|Aug humidity = 69
|Sep humidity = 70
|Oct humidity = 68
|Nov humidity = 69
|Dec humidity = 68

|source 1 = Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro<ref name = HMSM>((cite web
|url = http://www.meteo.co.me/page.php?id=40
|title = Climate: Bar
|publisher = Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro
|access-date = 6 March 2021
|language = cnr))</ref><ref name = extremes>((cite web
|url = http://www.meteo.co.me/page.php?id=41
|title = Dnevni prosjeci i ekstremi
|publisher = Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro
|access-date = 6 March 2021
|language = cnr
|date = May 2018))</ref>
))

===Flora and fauna===
[[File:"Olea europea”, which is over 2000 years old. Full view..jpg|thumb|right|Olea europea, ancient olive tree]]
The coastal part of Bar supports [[maquis shrubland]] with oak, holm oak, laurel, myrtle, Spanish broom, oleander, hawthorn, sloe, thorn, butcher's broom and asparagus. To the north and the mountains, there are oak and beech forests.
Citrus fruits including tangerine, orange and lemon grow in the Bar area as do pomegranates, olives, grapevines and figs. Ginkgo biloba grows in the park of King Nikola's palace.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

[[Skadar Lake]] is rich in bird life including the pelican. Game animals are found in Ostros, Rumija, Lisinj, Sutorman and Sozina and include rabbit, badger, fox, wolf and boar. At the Bar sea shore one finds various kinds of shells, snails, [[echinodermata]], [[cephalopoda]] and [[crayfish]].((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

==Demographics==
((Historical populations
|1948|897
|1953|1113 	
|1961|2184 	
|1971|3612
|1981|6742
|1991|10971
|2003|13719
|2011|13503
|2023|15868
))
Bar is the administrative centre of [[Bar Municipality]], which includes the town of [[Sutomore]] and other small coastal towns. A census in 2023 recorded 46,171 people in the Bar Municipality. Bar city had 15,868 inhabitants.<ref name=Monstat>((cite web|title=Preliminary results of the 2023 Census of Population, Households, and Dwellings|url=https://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=1915&pageid=1708|publisher=Monstat|access-date=25 January 2024))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Становништво, упоредни преглед броја становника 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2003, подаци по насељима|publisher=Републички завод за статистику|location=Подгорица|date=2005|id=COBISS-ID 8764176))</ref>

===Divisions and settlements===
The municipality of Bar is divided into 12 communes (''mjesna zajednica''), consisting of 83 settlements:

{|class=wikitable
|-
!Commune||Settlements
|-
|Bar I ||central business district
|-
|Bar II ||Polje, Burtaiši, [[Čeluga]], part of Rena;
|-
|Bar III ||part of Bjeliši, Sokolana, Stara Ambulanta, Zgrade Prvoborca;
|-
|Bar IV ||Popovići, part of Bjeliši, Ahmetov Brijeg, Vuletića Brijeg, part of Rena and Trsanj
|-
|Bar V ||Sustaš, Zupci, Marovići, Tuđemili
|-
|[[Šušanj]] ||Žukotrlica, Novi Pristan, Zeleni Pojas, Ilino, Šušanj, Carevići, Vitići and Paladini
|-
|[[Sutomore]] ||Brca, Zelen, Obala Željezničke Kolonije, Mirošica I, Turke, Pobrđe, Gorelac, Miljevci, Sozina, Zankovići, Suvi Potok, Mirošica II, Zgrade, Bjelila, Papani, Haj-Nehaj, Zagrađe, Mišići, Đurmani and Čanj
|-
|[[Stari Bar]] (Old Bar)||Stari Bar, Baukovo, Belveder, Velembusi, Gretva, Brbot, Turčini, Menke, Mikulići, Podgrad, Bartula, Rap, Gornja Poda and Donja Poda, Tomba, Gornje Zaljevo and Donje Zaljevo
|-
|[[Mrkojevići|Mrko(je)vići]] ||Pečurice, Dobra Voda, Grdovići, Pelinkovići, Dabezići, Velje Selo, Kunje, [[Gorana, Bar|Velja Gorana]] and [[Gorana, Bar|Mala Gorana]]
|-
|[[Krajina, Montenegro|Krajina]] ||Arbneš, Veliki Ostros, Mali Ostros, Martići, Runji, Koštanjica, [[Bobovište, Montenegro|Bobovište]], Ckla, Tejani
|-
|Šestan ||Livari, Gornja i Donja Briska, Gornji Murići, Donji Murići, Besa, Pinčići, Bapsulj, Šestan
|-
|[[Crmnica]] ||[[Virpazar]], Orahovo, Bračeni, Mikovići, Zabes, Boljevići, Sotonići, Bukovik, Mačuge, Dupilo, Popratnica, Komarno, Trnovo, Gornji Brčeli, Donji Brčeli, Brijege, Ovtočići, Tomići, Utrg, [[Godinje]], Seoča, Krnjice, Limljani, Gluhi Do
|}

===Ethnicity===
Ethnic composition of the town in 2011:<ref name="census2011">((cite web|url=http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf|title=2011 Montenegrin Census|publisher=Monsta|language=en, cnr|access-date=12 July 2011))</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:100px;"|Ethnicity
! style="width:80px;"|Number
! style="width:80px;"|Percentage
|-
|[[Montenegrins]]||6,901||51.11%
|-
|[[Serbs of Montenegro|Serbs]]||4,487||33.23%
|-
|[[Bosniaks of Montenegro|Bosniaks]]||410||3.04%
|-
|[[Muslims (South-Slavic ethnic group)|Ethnic Muslims]]||273||2.02%
|-
|[[Albanians of Montenegro|Albanians]] ||121||0.89%
|-
|[[Croats of Montenegro|Croats]]||121||0.89%
|-
|Other||78||0.58%
|-
|Not declared||787||5.82%
|-
|'''Total'''||13,503||100%
|}

===Religion===
[[File:Church of St. Jovan Vladimir in Bar.JPG|right|thumb|[[Jovan Vladimir|St Jovan Vladimir]] [[Church of St. Jovan Vladimir, Bar|church]]]]
The main religion in Bar is Orthodox Christianity. However, there are churches from both the [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Catholic]] traditions as well as [[mosque]]s built by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in the [[Islamic]] tradition. Bar is the birthplace of Saint [[Jovan Vladimir]]. In 1089, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar]], was founded and included most of Montenegro and Serbia.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:160x;"|Religion
! style="width:80px;"|Number
! style="width:80px;"|Percentage
|-
|[[Eastern Orthodox]]||10,499||77.7%
|-
|[[Islam]]||1,433||10.6%
|-
|[[Roman Catholic]]||745||5.5%
|-
|[[Atheist]]||250||1.85%
|-
|[[Agnostic]]||19||0.14%
|-
|Other||59||0.4%
|-
|Undeclared||459||3.3%
|}

==Economy==
[[File:The wall of Stari Bar.jpg|thumb|[[Stari Bar]] (the Old Town of Bar)]]
[[File:Stari bar town walls.jpg|thumb|A fragment of the town walls of Stari Bar]]
[[File:King Nikola's Palace.jpg|thumb|[[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nikola's]] Palace]]
The economy of Bar relies upon the [[Port of Bar]], the [[Belgrade–Bar railway]] and the [[Sozina tunnel]]. The Port of Bar is the most recognizable feature of the city. It occupies ((convert|3100|m|2|abbr=on|lk=out)) of seacoast, land area of 800 ha and aquatorium of 200ha. It is capable of reloading 5 million tons of goods annually. In 1976, the Belgrade – Bar railway was opened. It made the Adriatic coast accessible to tourists, and transport to the Port of Bar. The food company, ''Primorka'' has been operating in Bar for more than 50 years. It produces [[olive oil]] and [[pomegranate]] juice. There are 95,000 [[olive]] trees, about 80,000 [[citrus]] trees ([[lemon]], [[orange (fruit)|orange]], [[tangerine]] and [[grapefruit]]) in the municipal area. The centre for subtropical cultures, founded in 1937, is the oldest scientific institution in Montenegro. Tourism is also a major part of Bar's economy.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Transport===
Bar has a ferry line to [[Bari]], Italy which is operated by Montenegro Lines.<ref>[http://montenegrolines.net/ Bar-Bari Ferry] Montenegro Lines.com</ref> In season, ferries also go to [[Ancona]], Italy. Bar is well connected with inland Montenegro, as well as with the rest of the Montenegrin coast. The [[Sozina tunnel]], completed in 2006, shortened the road connection with Podgorica to around ((convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on)). Bar is connected to other coastal towns by the Adriatic motorway, which extends from [[Ulcinj]] to [[Herceg Novi]], and on to [[Croatia]]. Bar is also the final station of the [[Belgrade–Bar railway]], which connects Bar with Podgorica, northern Montenegro and [[Serbia]]. [[Podgorica Airport]] is about ((convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on)) from Bar. There are regular flights to [[Belgrade]], [[Budapest]], [[Zürich]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Ljubljana]], [[London]], [[Paris]], [[Rome]] and [[Vienna]].((Citation needed|date=May 2022)) As well the Blueline bus company provides public bus service with the central city of Bar as well as  near the city of Sutomoro. There is also inter city bueses as well as international buses such as Flexbus

==Culture==

===Sport===
[[File:Sportska dvorana Topolica.jpg|thumb|Indoor [[Topolica Sport Hall]]]]
Bar has over fifty sports clubs, and associations including a chess club. The town's major football club is [[FK Mornar]] who share the [[Stadion Topolica]] with lower league sides [[FK Hajduk Bar]] and [[Stari Bar]] team [[FK Sloga Bar]]. Bar once had two teams in the top tier, with [[OFK Bar]] featuring in the [[2010–11 Montenegrin First League|2010–11 season]] alongside FK Mornar. [[KK Mornar Bar]] is the local basketball club.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

There are numerous sports facilities in the Bar hotels and schools. In the centre of town, most of the facilities are in the Sports and Recreation Centre. Water sports such as diving are common.((citation needed|date=March 2019)) Sports tourism is promoted because of the proximity to the sea and lake. Bar hosted the 2010 [[FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship]] and the 2010 Men's u18 European Handball Championship.

==Notable people==
((See also|Category:People from Bar, Montenegro))

==International relations==
((See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro))

===Twin towns — sister cities===
Bar is [[Sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>((cite web |title=Međunarodna saradnja Opštine Bar|url=https://bar.me/o-baru/medunarodna-saradnja-opstine-bar/|website=bar.me|publisher=Bar|language=cnr|access-date=2022-10-21))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Bratimljenje|url=http://www.uom.co.me/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/bratimljenje-m2-3.pdf|website=database.uom.me|publisher=Zajednica opština Crne Gore|page=29|language=cnr|date=January 2013|access-date=2019-12-29))</ref>
((div col|colwidth=20em))
*((flagicon|TUR)) [[Adana]], Turkey
*((flagicon|ITA)) [[Bari]], Italy
*((flagicon|SRB)) [[Bor, Serbia|Bor]], Serbia
*((flagicon|TUR)) [[Bornova]], Turkey
*((flagicon|RUS)) [[Cherepovets]], Russia
*((flagicon|GRC)) [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]], Greece
*((flagicon|ALB)) [[Elbasan]], Albania
*((flagicon|CHN)) [[Hongkou District|Hongkou (Shanghai)]], China
*((flagicon|TUR)) [[Küçükkuyu, Ayvacık|Küçükkuyu]], Turkey
*((flagicon|SRB)) [[Kula, Serbia|Kula]], Serbia
*((flagicon|RUS)) [[Kursk]], Russia
*((flagicon|SRB)) [[Kragujevac]], Serbia
*((flagicon|SRB)) [[Mali Iđoš]], Serbia
*((flagicon|SLO)) [[Maribor]], Slovenia
*((flagicon|UKR)) [[Mariupol]], Ukraine
*((flagicon|CHN)) [[Ningbo]], China
*((flagicon|GER)) [[Nuremberg]], Germany
*((flagicon|POL)) [[Piaseczno]], Poland
*((flagicon|RUS)) [[Podolsk]], Russia
*((flagicon|SRB)) [[Požarevac]], Serbia
*((flagicon|MKD)) [[Resen, North Macedonia|Resen]], North Macedonia
*((flagicon|CRO)) [[Vodnjan]], Croatia
*((flagicon|BIH)) [[Živinice]], Bosnia and Herzegovina
<!--rest - not twinning-->
((div col end))

== Footnotes ==
((notelist))

== References ==
((Reflist))

== Sources ==
* ((Cite book|editor-last=Шишић|editor-first=Фердо|editor-link=Ferdo Šišić|title=Летопис Попа Дукљанина (Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja)|year=1928|location=Београд-Загреб|publisher=Српска краљевска академија|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXwCSCgxTlcC))
* ((Cite book|last=Кунчер|first=Драгана|year=2009|title=Gesta Regum Sclavorum|volume=1|location=Београд-Никшић|publisher=Историјски институт, Манастир Острог))
* ((Cite book|last=Живковић|first=Тибор|author-link=Tibor Živković|year=2009|title=Gesta Regum Sclavorum|volume=2|location=Београд-Никшић|publisher=Историјски институт, Манастир Острог)) 
* ((Cite book |last=Vasić |first=Milan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xg-MGAAACAAJ |title=Naselja na Balkanskom Poluostrvu od XVI do XVIII Vijeka |publisher=Narodna I Univerzitetska Biblioteka Republike Srpske |year=2005 |isbn=99938-0-584-X |location=Banja Luka |pages= |language=sr))

== External links ==
((Wikivoyage|Bar))
((Commons category|Bar, Montenegro))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100209004447/http://www.bar.me/ Official site of Bar municipality] (in Montenegrin)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090223182352/http://www.barinfo.co.me/ News site for Bar]
* [http://www.visitbar.org Tourist Organization of Bar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010021613/http://www.ulcinjtoday.com/Old-Bar-Fortress.html Old Bar Fortress-City]
* [http://montenegro-travel-guide.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=43 Bar Attractions]

((MontenegroCities))
((Bar Municipality))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Bar, Montenegro| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Port cities and towns of the Adriatic Sea]]
[[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Montenegro]]
[[Category:Populated places in Bar Municipality]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Montenegro]]

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Return to Bar, Montenegro.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro"