Delphi
Original author(s)Borland, CodeGear, Embarcadero
Developer(s)Embarcadero Technologies
Stable release
RAD Studio 12 Athens[1] Edit this on Wikidata / 9 November 2023; 4 months ago (9 November 2023)
Written inMostly Delphi (Object Pascal)
Operating systemRuns on Windows;[2] targets Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, iOS
TypeSoftware Development, Designer, IDE, Compiler, RTL
LicenseFreemium
Websiteembarcadero.com/products/delphi

Delphi is a general-purpose programming language and a software product that uses the Delphi dialect of the Object Pascal programming language and provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software,[3] currently developed and maintained by Embarcadero Technologies.

Delphi's compilers generate native code for Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS, Android and Linux (x64).[4][5][6]

Delphi includes a code editor, a visual designer, an integrated debugger, a source code control component, and support for third-party plugins. The code editor features Code Insight (code completion), Error Insight (real-time error-checking), and refactoring. The visual forms designer has the option of using either the Visual Component Library (VCL) for pure Windows development or the FireMonkey (FMX) framework for cross-platform development. Database support is a key feature and is provided by FireDAC (Database Access Components). Delphi is known for its fast compilation speed, native code, and developer productivity.[citation needed]

Delphi was originally developed by Borland as a rapid application development tool for Windows as the successor of Turbo Pascal. Delphi added full object-oriented programming to the existing language, and the language has grown to support generics, anonymous methods, closures, and native Component Object Model (COM) support.

Delphi and its C++ counterpart, C++Builder, are interoperable and jointly sold under the name RAD Studio. There are Professional, Enterprise, and Architect editions, with the higher editions having more features at a higher price. There is also a free-of-charge Community edition, with most of the features of Professional, but restricted to users and companies with low revenue.[7]

Features

Delphi supports rapid application development (RAD). Prominent features are a visual designer and two application frameworks, VCL for Windows and FireMonkey (FMX) for cross-platform development.

Delphi uses the Pascal-based programming language Object Pascal created by Anders Hejlsberg for Borland (now IDERA) as the successor to Turbo Pascal. It supports native cross-compilation to many platforms including Windows, Linux, iOS and Android.

To better support development for Microsoft Windows and interoperate with code developed with other software development tools, Delphi supports independent interfaces of Component Object Model (COM) with reference counted class implementations, and support for many third-party components. Interface implementations can be delegated to fields or properties of classes. Message handlers are implemented by tagging a method of a class with the integer constant of the message to handle.[citation needed]

Database connectivity is extensively supported through VCL database-aware and database access components.

Later versions have included upgraded and enhanced runtime library routines, some provided by the community group FastCode.

Characteristics

Delphi uses a strongly typed high-level programming language, intended to be easy to use and originally based on the earlier Object Pascal language. Pascal was originally developed as a general-purpose language "suitable for expressing the fundamental constructs known at the time in a concise and logical way", and "its implementation was to be efficient and competitive with existing FORTRAN compilers"[8] but without low-level programming facilities or access to hardware. Turbo Pascal and its descendants, including Delphi, support access to hardware and low-level programming, with the facility to incorporate code written in assembly language and other languages. Delphi's object orientation features only class- and interface-based polymorphism.[9] Metaclasses are first class objects. Objects are references to the objects (as in Java), which Delphi implicitly de-references, so there is usually no need to manually allocate memory for pointers to objects or use similar techniques that some other languages need. There are dedicated reference-counted string types, and also null-terminated strings.

Strings can be concatenated by using the '+' operator, rather than using functions. For dedicated string types, Delphi handles memory management without programmer intervention. Since Borland Developer Studio 2006, there are functions to locate memory leaks.

Delphi includes an integrated IDE. The Delphi products all ship with a run-time library (RTL) and a Visual Component Library (VCL), including most of its source code. Third-party components (sometimes with full source code) and tools to enhance the IDE or for other Delphi related development tasks are available, some free of charge. The IDE includes a GUI for localization and translation of created programs that may be deployed to a translator; there are also third-party tools with more features for this purpose. The VCL framework maintains a high level of source compatibility between versions, which simplifies updating existing source code to a newer Delphi version. Third-party libraries typically need updates from the vendor but, if source code is supplied, recompilation with the newer version may be sufficient. The VCL was an early adopter of dependency injection or inversion of control; it uses a reusable component model, extensible by the developer. With class helpers, new functionality can be introduced to core RTL and VCL classes without changing the original source code of the RTL or VCL.

The compiler is optimizing and is a single-pass compiler. It can optionally compile to a single executable which does not require DLLs. Delphi can also generate standard DLLs, ActiveX DLLs, COM automation servers and Windows services.

The Delphi IDEs since Delphi 2005 increasingly support refactoring features such as method extraction and the possibility to create UML models from the source code or to modify the source through changes made in the model.

Delphi has communities on the web, where also its employees actively participate.

Backward compatibility

Delphi is one of the languages where backward compatibility is close to 100%. Although each new release of Delphi attempts to keep as much backward compatibility as possible to allow existing code reuse, new features, new libraries, and improvements sometimes make newer releases less than 100% backward compatible.

Since 2016, there have been new releases of Delphi every six months, with new platforms being added approximately every second release.[10]

Frameworks

Delphi offers two frameworks for visual application development, VCL and FireMonkey (FMX):

Interoperability

Delphi and its C++ counterpart, C++Builder, are interoperable. They share many core components, notably the IDE, the VCL and FMX frameworks, and much of the runtime library. In addition, they can be used jointly in a project. For example, C++Builder 6 and later can combine source code from Delphi and C++ in one project, while packages compiled with C++Builder can be used from within Delphi. In 2007, the products were released jointly as RAD Studio, a shared host for Delphi and C++Builder, which can be purchased with either or both. Starting with Rio, there is also interoperability with Python.

Sample "Hello World" program

See also: Object Pascal § Delphi_and_Free_Pascal_version

 
program ObjectPascalExample;

type
  THelloWorld = class
    procedure Put;
  end;

procedure THelloWorld.Put;
begin
  Writeln('Hello, World!');
end;

var
  HelloWorld: THelloWorld;               { this is an implicit pointer }

begin
  HelloWorld := THelloWorld.Create;      { constructor returns a pointer to an object of type THelloWorld }
  HelloWorld.Put;
  HelloWorld.Free;                       { this line deallocates the THelloWorld object pointed to by HelloWorld }
end.

Note that the object construct is still available in Delphi.

History

See History of Delphi (software) for details on the progression of language and IDE development from 1995 to the present.

Uses in schools

Delphi is the medium used to teach programming in South African schools as a subject of information technology (IT).[11]

Roadmaps

Embarcadero publishes "roadmaps" describing their future development plans. The most recent one was published in November 2020.[12] Version 10.5 referred to in the November 2020 roadmap was renamed 11.0.

Related software

Notable third-party libraries

References

  1. ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
  2. ^ "Installation Notes - Operating System Requirements". Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  3. ^ William Buchanan (4 February 2003). Mastering Delphi Programming. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-137-17356-0.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ "Performance Comparison from Delphi 2010 to XE6 (Part 2)". Riversoft AVG. 12 May 2014. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  5. ^ "The Delphi Geek: Built For Speed". Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Discussion on Hacker News about Delphi being alive". Hacker News. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  7. ^ "Delphi: App Development Product Editions". Embarcadero. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021. With download link for Delphi Feature Matrix
  8. ^ "Recollections About the Development of Pascal" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-12. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  9. ^ Lingfeng Wang; Kay CHen Tan (20 January 2006). Modern Industrial Automation Software Design. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-0-471-77627-7.
  10. ^ "List of Delphi language features and version in which they were introduced/deprecated". Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  11. ^ Staff Writer. "Embarcadero Delphi named developer language of choice for South African schools". Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  12. ^ "RAD Studio November 2020 Roadmap PM Commentary". blogs.embarcadero.com. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  13. ^ "Borland Enterprise Studio". Archived from the original on 2002-02-05. Retrieved 2002-02-05.
  14. ^ "Kylix is here!". Archived from the original on 2019-09-04. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  15. ^ "Free Pascal Homepage". freepascal.org. Archived from the original on 1999-01-25. Retrieved 2016-04-27.

Further reading

External links

Pascal programming language family
Integrated development environments
Graphical user interface builders
Categories