| Fontina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country of origin | Italy |
| Region | Aosta Valley |
| Source of milk | Cows |
| Pasteurized | No |
| Texture | Semi-soft |
| Fat content | 45% |
| Certification | EU: PDO 1996 |
 Related media on Commons | |
Fontina (French: fontine[1]) is a cow's milk cheese, first produced in Italy. Over time, production of Fontina has spread worldwide, including to the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Canada, France and Argentina.[2][3]
Fontina is a cheese that is semisoft to hard in texture and mild to medium-sharp in flavor. It has a milk fat content around 45%. The characteristic flavor of Fontina is creamy and mild but distinctively savoury and nutty, the nuttiness increasing with aging. Fontinas from Sweden, Denmark, and the United States have milder flavour, softer texture, and more holes than those of Italy.
Fontina cheese has been made in the Aosta Valley, in the Alps, since the 12th century. Fontina produced in the EU can be identified by a Consorzio (Consortium) stamp of the Matterhorn including the script "FONTINA".[4][5]
As with many other varieties, the name "fontina" has derivatives such as "fontinella", "fontal", and "fontella".[6] Although the version from the Aosta Valley is the original and the most famous,[7] a derivative production occurs in other parts of Italy, as well as in Denmark, Sweden, Quebec, France, Argentina, and the United States.[8] The Swedish and Danish versions are often found in US grocery stores, and can be distinguished from Aostan fontina by their red wax rind (also prevalent in Argentine fontina).[citation needed]
Fontina produced in the Aosta Valley must be made from unpasteurized milk from a single milking, with two batches being made per day.[9]
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The original fontina cheese from the Aosta Valley is fairly pungent and has quite an intense flavor, although fontina-like labeled cheeses that are produced in other countries can be much milder.[citation needed] Aostan fontina has a natural rind due to aging, which is usually tan to orange-brown.[10][11] The interior of the cheese is pale cream in color and riddled with holes known as "eyes".[12] It is noted for its earthy, mushroomy, and woody taste, and pairs exceptionally well with roast meats and truffles.[13] Mature fontina is a hard cheese, and melts well.[citation needed]
Fontina cheese sold in the EU can be identified by a Consorzio ("Consortium") stamp of the Matterhorn including the script "FONTINA". Cheese produced in the Aosta Valley has a protected designation of origin (DOP) with regulations that the cheese must be made from unpasteurized milk from a single milking, of a Valdostana breed of cow, with two batches being made per day.[citation needed]
Young fontina has a softer texture and can be suitable for fondue. Fonduta alla valdostana (in Italian) or Fondue à la valdôtaine[14] (in French) is a traditional dish of fontina whipped with milk, eggs, and truffles.
A good pairing is Nebbiolo, a red wine with flavors of wild cherry and truffles.[12]
In 1986, the U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board ruled that "fontina" was the generic name of a type of cheese "rather than a certification mark indicating regional origin, in view of the fact that non-certified producers outside that region use the term to identify non-certified cheeses". Today, fontina is produced in countries around the world, including the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Quebec, France and Argentina.[15]
