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((short description|Device attached to a horse's hoof to protect it from wear))
((Other uses))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2015))
((refimprove|date=April 2017))
[[File:Horseshoe.jpg|thumb|Horseshoes are commonly made of [[steel]], and are nailed to the underside of the hoof.]]
[[File:Variety of horseshoes, including aluminum racing plates and shoes used on cattle in lower right.jpg|thumb|A variety of horseshoes, including aluminum racing plates (light or dark); there is also a variety of [[ox#Shoeing|oxshoe]]s at the lower right]]

A '''horseshoe''' is a product designed to protect a [[horse hoof]] from [[wear]]. Shoes are attached on the palmar surface (ground side) of the hooves, usually [[nail (engineering)|nail]]ed through the insensitive hoof wall that is anatomically akin to the human [[Nail (anatomy)|toenail]], although much larger and thicker. However, there are also cases where shoes are [[glue]]d.

Horseshoes are available in a wide variety of materials and styles, developed for different types of horses and for the work they do. The most common materials are [[steel]] and [[aluminium]], but specialized shoes may include use of [[rubber]], [[plastic]], [[magnesium]], [[titanium]], or [[copper]].<ref name=Catalog84>Price, Steven D. (ed.) ''The Whole Horse Catalog: Revised and Updated'' New York:Fireside 1998 ((ISBN|0-684-83995-4)), pp. 84–87.</ref> Steel tends to be preferred in sports in which a strong, long-wearing shoe is needed, such as [[polo]], [[eventing]], [[show jumping]], and [[western riding]] events. Aluminium shoes are lighter, making them common in [[horse racing]] where a lighter shoe is desired, and often facilitate certain types of movement; they are often favored in the discipline of [[dressage]].<ref name=Evans731>Evans, J. Warren, et al. ''The Horse''. Second edition, New York: Freeman, 1990, ((ISBN|0-7167-1811-1)), pp. 731–739.</ref> Some horseshoes have "[[caulkin]]s", "caulks", or "calks": protrusions at the toe or heels of the shoe, or both, to provide additional traction.

The fitting of horseshoes is a professional occupation, conducted by a [[farrier]], who specializes in the preparation of feet, assessing potential lameness issues, and fitting appropriate shoes, including remedial features where required. In some countries, such as the UK, horseshoeing is legally restricted to people with specific qualifications and experience. In others, such as the United States, where professional licensing is not legally required, professional organizations provide certification programs that publicly identify qualified individuals.

When kept as a [[talisman]], a horseshoe is said to bring good [[luck]].<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.wideopencountry.com/heres-people-hang-horseshoes-doors/|title=The Legend Behind Horseshoes For Good Luck Involves The Devil Himself|last=Smith|first=Lindi|date=2019-01-18|website=Wide Open Country|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-13))</ref> A stylized variation of the horseshoe is used for a popular throwing game, [[Horseshoes (game)|horseshoes]].

==History==
[[File:Hipposandal-ermont.jpg|thumb|A [[hipposandal]], a predecessor to the horseshoe]]
Since the early history of [[domestication of the horse]], [[working animal]]s were found to be exposed to many conditions that created breakage or excessive hoof wear. Ancient people recognized the need for the walls (and sometimes the sole) of domestic horses' hooves to have additional protection over and above any natural hardness. An early form of hoof protection was seen in ancient Asia, where horses' hooves were wrapped in rawhide, leather, or other materials for both therapeutic purposes and protection from wear.<ref name=Cohen>((Cite web|url=http://www.equisearch.com/horses_care/health/hoof_care/eqhorsesho610/ | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306031347/http://www.equisearch.com/horses_care/health/hoof_care/eqhorsesho610/ |archive-date=6 March 2012 |last=Cohen |first=Rachel |title=The History of Horseshoes |publisher=Equisearch.com |access-date=19 November 2011))</ref> From archaeological finds in [[Great Britain]], the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] appeared to have attempted to protect their horses' feet with a strap-on, solid-bottomed "[[hipposandal]]" that has a slight resemblance to the modern [[hoof boot]].<ref>((cite web  | title = Iron hipposandal | website = Google Arts & Culture |url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/iron-hipposandal/zQEOymgPuckeKA  | access-date = 20 July 2017 ))</ref>

[[File:Horseshoes from C11.jpg|thumb|right|English horseshoes from the 11th to the 19th centuries]]
[[File:Horseshoemaker.jpg|thumb|Making horseshoes in India]]
[[File:Easyboot.jpg|thumb|A [[hoof boot]]]]
[[File:Tule horseshoe.jpg|right|thumb|An oversized horseshoe for soft soil to distribute horse's weight]]
Historians differ on the origin of the horseshoe.<ref name=Krebs27/> Because [[iron]] was a valuable commodity, and any worn out items were generally reforged and reused, it is difficult to locate clear [[archaeology|archaeological]] evidence.<ref name="vegetius">((Cite web|url=http://www.horseshoes.com/advice/invtshoe/winvhrs.htm |title=Who Invented Horseshoeing? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980208011824/http://www.horseshoes.com/advice/invtshoe/winvhrs.htm |archive-date=8 February 1998 ))((dubious|date=October 2012)) Archived 8 February 1998.</ref> Although some credit the [[Druid]]s, there is no hard evidence to support this claim.<ref name=Krebs27/> In 1897 four bronze horseshoes with what are apparently nail holes were found in an Etruscan tomb dated around 400&nbsp;BC.<ref name="Thayer">((cite journal |journal=[[American Journal of Archaeology]] |volume=6|issue=4|pages=398–403|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Journals/AJA/6/4/Etruscan_Horseshoes*.html |first=W. N. |last=Bates|title=Etruscan Horseshoes from Corneto|year=1902 |access-date=1 November 2015 |doi=10.2307/496665 |jstor=496665|s2cid=191408516))</ref> The assertion by some historians that the Romans invented the "mule shoes" sometime after 100&nbsp;BC is supported by a reference by [[Catullus]] who died in 54&nbsp;BC.<ref name=Krebs27>Robert E. Krebs, ''Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Ancient World'', ((ISBN|0313313423)), (Greenword/ABC-CLIO), pp. 27–28.</ref> However, these references to use of horseshoes and muleshoes in Rome may have been to the "hipposandal"—leather boots, reinforced by an iron plate, rather than to nailed horseshoes.<ref name=SciAm117>Rodney Carlisle, ''Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries'' (2 August 2004), ((ISBN|0471244104)), John Wiley, p. 117.</ref>

Existing references to the nailed shoe are relatively late, first known to have appeared around AD&nbsp;900, but there may have been earlier uses given that some have been found in layers of dirt. There are no extant references to nailed horseshoes prior to the reign of Byzantine Emperor [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI]], and by 973 occasional references to them can be found.<ref name=SciAm117/> The earliest clear written record of iron horseshoes is a reference to "crescent figured irons and their nails" in AD 910.<ref>((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7x5AAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA10-PA33 |title=An essay on the knowledge of the ancients respecting the art of shoeing the horse, and of the probable period of the commencement of this art |first=Bracy |last=Clark |year=1831 |page=33))</ref> There is very little evidence of any sort that suggests the existence of nailed-on shoes prior to AD&nbsp;500 or 600, though there is a find dated to the fifth century AD of a horseshoe, complete with nails, found in the tomb of the Frankish King [[Childeric I]] at [[Tournai]], Belgium.<ref name="Britannica 15th">"Horseshoe." ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 15th edn. Vol. 20. 2005. 651–51. Print.</ref>

Around 1000&nbsp;AD, cast [[bronze]] horseshoes with nail holes became common in Europe. A design with a scalloped outer rim and six nail holes was common.<ref name="Cohen"/> According to Gordon Ward the scalloped edges were created by double punching the nail holes causing the edges to bulge.<ref name="ward">((cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Gordon |title=On dating old horse-shoes |date=1939 |publisher=The Museum |location=Hull))</ref> The 13th and 14th centuries brought the widespread manufacturing of iron horseshoes.<ref name="Bellis">((Cite web|first=Mary |last=Bellis |url=http://theinventors.org/library/inventors/blhorseshoe.htm |title=Horseshoes, Nails, Saddles, and Riding |publisher=TheInventors.org |date=16 June 2010 |access-date=19 November 2011))</ref> By the time of the [[Crusades]] (1096–1270), horseshoes were widespread and frequently mentioned in various written sources.<ref name="vegetius"/> In that period, due to the value of iron, horseshoes were even accepted in lieu of coin to pay taxes.<ref name=Cohen/>

By the 13th century, shoes were forged in large quantities and could be bought ready made.<ref name="Cohen"/> Hot shoeing, the process of shaping a heated horseshoe immediately before placing it on the horse, became common in the 16th century.<ref name="Bellis"/> From the need for horseshoes, the craft of blacksmithing became "one of the great staple crafts of medieval and modern times and contributed to the development of metallurgy."<ref name="Britannica 15th"/> A treatise titled "No Foot, No Horse" was published in England in 1751.<ref name=Cohen/>

In 1835, the first U.S. [[patent]] for a horseshoe manufacturing machine capable of making up to 60 horseshoes per hour was issued to Henry Burden.<ref name="Bellis"/> In mid-19th-century [[Canada]], marsh horseshoes kept horses from sinking into the soft intertidal mud during dike-building. In a common design, a metal horseshoe holds a flat wooden shoe in place.<ref>Gray, Charlotte, ''The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder'', Random House, 2004.</ref>

===China===
In China, iron horseshoes became common during the [[Yuan dynasty]] (1271–1368), prior to which rattan and leather shoes were used to preserve animal hooves. Evidence of the preservation of horse hooves in [[China]] dates to the [[Warring States period]] (476–221 BC), during which [[Zhuangzi (book)|Zhuangzi]] recommended shaving horse hooves to keep them in good shape. The [[Discourses on Salt and Iron]] in 81 BC mentions using leather shoes, but it is not clear if they were used for protecting horse hooves or to aid in mounting the horse. Remnants of iron horseshoes have been found in what is now northeast China, but the tombs date to the [[Goguryeo]] period in 414 AD. A mural in the [[Mogao Caves]] dated to 584 AD depicts a man caring for a horse's hoof, which some speculate might be depicting horseshoe nailing, but the mural is too eroded to tell clearly.

The earliest reference to iron horseshoes in China dates to 938 AD during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]]. A monk named Gao Juhui sent to the [[Western Regions]] writes that the people in Ganzhou (now [[Zhangye]]) taught him how to make "horse hoof ''muse''", which had four holes in it that connected to four holes in the horse's hoof, and were thus put together. They also recommended using yak skin shoes for camel hooves. Iron horseshoes however did not become common for another three centuries. [[Zhao Rukuo]] writes in ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi]]'', finished in 1225, that the horses of the [[Arabs]] and [[Persians]] used metal for horse shoes, implying that horses in China did not. After the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271 AD, iron horseshoes became more common in northern China. When [[Thomas Blakiston]] travelled up the [[Yangtze]], he noted that in [[Sichuan]] "cattle wore straw shoes to prevent their slipping on the wet ground" while in northern China, "horses and cattle are shod with iron shoes and nails." The majority of Chinese horseshoe discoveries have been in [[Jilin]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Liaoning]], Sichuan, and [[Tibet]].<ref name = "Yuan shoes">((cite web| url = http://culture.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2015/0430/c22219-26930801.html| title =    ~ K K ((!)) x «إߦZ x ~ b y -- -- H    ))</ref>

==Reasons for use==

===Environmental changes linked to domestication===

Many changes brought about by the [[domestication of the horse]] have led to a need for shoes for numerous reasons, mostly linked to management that results in horses' hooves hardening less and being more vulnerable to injury. In the wild, a horse may travel up to ((convert|50|mi|km)) per day to obtain adequate forage. While horses in the wild cover large areas of terrain, they usually do so at relatively slow speeds, unless being chased by a predator.<ref name="Cohen"/> They also tend to live in arid steppe climates. The consequence of slow but nonstop travel in a dry climate is that horses' feet are naturally worn to a small, smooth, even, and hard state. The continual stimulation of the sole of the foot keeps it thick and hard. However, in [[domestication]], the manner in which horses are used differ from what they would encounter in their natural environment. Domesticated horses are brought to colder and wetter areas than their ancestral habitat. These softer and heavier soils soften the hooves and make them prone to splitting, making hoof protection necessary.<ref name="Cohen"/> Consequently, it was in northern Europe that the nailed horseshoe arose in its modern form ((cn|date=December 2022)).

===Physical stresses requiring horseshoes===
*Abnormal stress: Horses' hooves can become quite worn out when subjected to the added weight and stress of a rider, pack load, cart, or [[wagon]].<ref name=HH367>Ensminger, M. E. ''Horses and Horsemanship: Animal Agriculture Series.'' Sixth edition. Interstate Publishers, 1990, ((ISBN|0-8134-2883-1)), pp. 367–371.</ref>

*Corrective shoeing: The shape, weight, and thickness of a horseshoe can significantly affect the horse's gait. [[Farrier]]s may forge custom shoes to help horses with bone or musculature problems in their legs,<ref name=Ensg267>Ensminger, M. E. ''Horses & Tack: A Complete One Volume Reference on Horses and Their Care''. Rev. edn Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1991, ((ISBN|0-395-54413-0)), pp. 267–269.</ref> or fit commercially available remedial shoes.
*Traction: Traction devices such as [[borium]] for ice, [[horse shoe studs]] for muddy or slick conditions, calks, [[tungsten carbide|carbide]]-tipped road nails and rims are useful for performance horses such as [[eventing|eventers]], [[show jumping|show jumpers]], [[polo|polo ponies]], and other horses that perform at high speeds, over changing terrain, or in less-than-ideal footing.<ref name=Catalog84/>
*Gait manipulation: Some breeds such as the [[Saddlebred]], [[Tennessee Walking Horse]], and other gaited horses are judged on their high-stepping movement. Special shoeing can help enhance their natural movement.<ref name=Catalog84/>
* Racing horses with weakness in their foot or leg require specialized horseshoes.<ref>((Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNsDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA552 |title=Race Horses Require Shoes of Special Design and Weight |journal=Popular Mechanics |volume=65 |number=4 |date=April 1936 |access-date=19 December 2011))</ref>

==Horseshoeing theories and debates==

Domestic horses do not always require shoes. When possible, a "[[Natural hoof care|barefoot]]" hoof, at least for part of every year, is a healthy option for most horses. However, horseshoes have their place and can help prevent excess or abnormal hoof wear and injury to the foot. Many horses go without shoes year round, some using temporary protection such as [[hoof boot]]s for short-term use.<ref name=Natural57>McBane, Susan, ''A Natural Approach to Horse Management'', London: Methuen, 1992, ((ISBN|0-413-62370-X)), pp. 57–60.</ref>

==Process of shoeing==
((See also|Farrier))
Shoeing, when performed correctly, causes no pain to the animal. Farriers trim<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.farriernearme.com/az/mesa/|title=Mesa Horse Farrier Services ((!)) Arizona Horseshoeing ((!)) Farrier Near Me™|website=www.farriernearme.com|access-date=10 April 2019|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410222114/https://www.farriernearme.com/az/mesa/|url-status=dead))</ref> the insensitive part of the hoof, which is the same area into which they drive the nails. This is analogous to a [[manicure]] on a human fingernail, only on a much larger scale.<ref name=Catalog84/>

Before beginning to shoe, the farrier removes the old shoe using pincers (shoe pullers) and trims the hoof wall to the desired length with nippers, a sharp pliers-like tool, and the sole and [[frog (horse)|frog]] of the hoof with a hoof knife. Shoes do not allow the hoof to wear down as it naturally would in the wild, and it can then become too long. The coffin bone inside the hoof should line up straight with both bones in the [[pastern]]. If the excess hoof is not trimmed, the bones will become misaligned, which would place stress on the legs of the animal.<ref name=Evans742>Evans, J. Warren, et al. ''The Horse''. Second edition, New York: Freeman, 1990, ((ISBN|0-7167-1811-1)), pp. 742–747.</ref>

Shoes are then measured to the foot and bent to the correct shape using a hammer, anvil, forge,  and other modifications, such as taps for [[Caulkin|shoe studs]], are added. Farriers may either cold shoe, in which they bend the metal shoe without heating it, or hot shoe, in which they place the metal in a forge before bending it. Hot shoeing can be more time consuming, and requires the farrier to have access to a forge; however, it usually provides a better fit, as the mark made on the hoof from the hot shoe can show how even it lies. It also allows the farrier to make more modifications to the shoe, such as drawing toe- and quarter-clips. The farrier must take care not to hold the hot shoe against the hoof too long, as the heat can damage the hoof.<ref name=Evans742/>

Hot shoes are placed in water to cool them. The farrier then nails the shoes on by driving the nails into the hoof wall at the [[horse hoof|white line]] of the hoof. The nails are shaped in such a way that they bend outward as they are driven in, avoiding the sensitive inner part of the foot, so they emerge on the sides of the hoof. When the nail has been completely driven, the farrier cuts off the sharp points and uses a clincher (a form of tongs made especially for this purpose) or a clinching block with hammer to bend the rest of the nail so it is almost flush with the hoof wall. This prevents the nail from getting caught on anything, and also helps to hold the nail, and therefore the shoe, in place.<ref name=Evans742/>

The farrier then uses a rasp (large file), to smooth the edge where it meets the shoe and eliminate any sharp edges left from cutting off the nails.<ref name=Evans742/>

<gallery  mode=packed heights=240px style="text-align:left">
Hot Horseshoe (stevefe).jpg|A hot horseshoe in a [[forge]]
Farrier toolslabled.JPG|Farrier tools
Italian farrier 2006 2.jpg|Nailing on the shoe
Shoeing in progress.jpg|The nails driven through the hoof, but not yet bent downwards
</gallery>

==In culture==

===Superstition===
((See also|Iron in mythology#Luck|Hippomancy))
[[File:Horseshoe lucky on door.jpg|thumb|A horseshoe on a door is regarded as a protective [[talisman]] in some cultures.]]
Horseshoes have long been considered lucky. They were originally made of iron, a material that was believed to ward off evil spirits, and traditionally were held in place with seven nails, seven being the luckiest number.<ref name=CSI>((cite web|title=Superstition Bash: Horseshoes|date=13 January 2004|url=http://www.csicop.org/superstition/library/horseshoes/|publisher=Committee for Skeptical Inquiry))</ref> The superstition acquired a further Christian twist due to a legend surrounding the tenth-century saint [[Dunstan]], who worked as a blacksmith before becoming Archbishop of Canterbury. The legend recounts that, one day, the Devil walked into Dunstan's shop and asked him to shoe his horse. Dunstan pretended not to recognize him, and agreed to the request; but rather than nailing the shoe to the horse's hoof, he nailed it to the Devil's own foot, causing him great pain. Dunstan eventually agreed to remove the shoe, but only after extracting a promise that the Devil would never enter a household with a horseshoe nailed to the door.<ref>((cite web|title=Who was St Dunstan?|url=http://www.stdunstan.net/who-was-st-dunstan.htm|publisher=St Dunstan Episcopal Church|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404045759/http://www.stdunstan.net/who-was-st-dunstan.htm|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status=dead))</ref>

Opinion is divided as to which way up the horseshoe ought to be nailed. Some say the ends should point up, so that the horseshoe catches the luck, and that the ends pointing down allow the good luck to be lost; others say they should point down, so that the luck is poured upon those entering the home.<ref name=CSI/>
Superstitious sailors believe that nailing a horseshoe to the mast will help their vessel avoid storms.<ref>Eyers, Jonathan (2011). ''Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions''. London: A&C Black, ((ISBN|978-1-4081-3131-2)).</ref><ref name="Luck and Horseshoes">((Cite web |url=http://www.indepthinfo.com/horseshoes/luck.htm |title=Luck and Horseshoes |publisher=Indepthinfo.com |access-date=19 December 2011 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029135942/http://www.indepthinfo.com/horseshoes/luck.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref>

===Heraldry===
In heraldry, horseshoes most often occur as [[canting arms|canting]] charges, such as in the arms of families with names like Farrier, Marshall, and Smith. A horseshoe (together with two hammers) also appears in the arms of [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Hammersmith and Fulham]], a borough in London.<ref>((cite web|title=Hammersmith and Fulham, London Borough of|url=http://civicheraldry.co.uk/great_london.html#hammersmith%20and%20fulham%20lb|publisher=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales))</ref>

[[File:Rutland County Flag.svg|thumb|[[Flag of Rutland]]]]
The flag of [[Rutland]], England's smallest [[Historic counties of England|historic county]], consists of a golden horseshoe laid over a field scattered with acorns.<ref>((cite web|title=Flag of Rutland|url=((Flag Institute|Rutland))|publisher=Flag Institute|access-date=12 May 2018))</ref> This refers to an ancient tradition in which every noble visiting Oakham, Rutland's county town, presents a horseshoe to the Lord of the Manor, which is then nailed to the wall of [[Oakham Castle]]. Over the centuries, the Castle has amassed a vast collection of horseshoes, the oldest of which date from the 15th century.<ref>((cite book|title=The Horseshoes of Oakham Castle|last=Clough|first=Timothy|date=1987|publisher=Leicestershire Museums))</ref>

===Monuments and structures===
A massive golden horseshoe structure is erected over the shopping mall of the [[Tuuri|Tuuri village]] in [[Alavus]], a town of [[Finland]]. It is one of the most famous monuments in the locality; however, it stands at number three in [[Reuters]]' list of world's ugliest buildings and monuments.<ref>(( cite web | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE4AD2V720081114 | title=10 top ugly buildings and monument | publisher=Reuters | year=2005 ))</ref>

===Sport===
((main|Horseshoes (game)))
The sport of [[Horseshoes (game)|horseshoes]] involves a horseshoe being thrown as close as possible to a rod in order to score points. As far as it is known, the sport is as old as horseshoes themselves. While traditional horseshoes can still be used, most organized versions of the game use specialized sport horseshoes, which do not fit on horses' hooves.<ref>((Cite web |last=National Horseshoe Pitchers Association |date=1 January 2021 |orig-date=16 July 2006 |title=The Official Rules/Regulations Guidelines Specifications For The Sport Of Horseshoe Pitching |url=https://www.horseshoepitching.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/RGS2021BookletLayout.pdf |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Horseshoepitching.com |pages=36–37 ))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Farrier]]
*[[Horse care]]
*[[Horse hoof]]
*[[Laminitis]]
*[[Natural hoof care]]

==References==
((Reflist))
((EB1911|wstitle=Horse-shoes))

==External links==
((Commons category|Horseshoes))
*[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14990/14990-h/14990-h.htm#art16 Historical development of the horseshoe] 1891 ''[[Scientific American]]'' article from [[Project Gutenberg]]
*[https://archive.today/20041110184345/http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/13978 The True Legend of St. Dunstan and the Devil] by Edward G. Flight, illustrated by [[George Cruikshank]], published in 1871, and available from [[Project Gutenberg]]
*[https://merl.reading.ac.uk/collections/mair-horseshoe-collector/ Mair] and [https://merl.reading.ac.uk/collections/dicken-horseshoe-collector/ Dicken] collections of historical horseshoes in the [[Museum of English Rural Life]]

((Horse equipment))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Equine hoof]]
[[Category:Horseshoes| ]]
[[Category:Heraldic charges]]
[[Category:Lucky symbols]]
[[Category:Farriery]]
[[Category:Objects believed to protect from evil]]
[[Category:Talismans]]

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Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Dubious (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:EB1911 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flag Institute (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Horse equipment (edit)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If (view source) (protected)
Template:Main (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:P1 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:P2 (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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