Counties of Arizona
CategoryFederal Unit
LocationState of Arizona
Number15
Populations9,302 (Greenlee) – 4,551,524 (Maricopa)
Areas1,238 square miles (3,210 km2) (Santa Cruz) – 18,661 square miles (48,330 km2) (Coconino)
Government
Subdivisions

There are 15 counties in the U.S. state of Arizona.[1] Four counties (Mohave, Pima, Yavapai and Yuma) were created in 1864 following the organization of the Arizona Territory in 1862. The now defunct Pah-Ute County was split from Mohave County in 1865, but merged back in 1871. All but La Paz County were created by the time Arizona was granted statehood in 1912. La Paz County was established in 1983 after many years of pushing for independence from Yuma County.[2]

Eight of Arizona's fifteen counties are named after various Native American groups that are resident in parts of what is now Arizona, with another (Cochise County) being named after a native leader. Four other counties, Gila County, Santa Cruz County, Pinal County, and Graham County, are named for physical features of Arizona's landscape: the Gila River, the Santa Cruz River, Pinal Peak, and Mount Graham, respectively. Another county, La Paz County, is named after a former settlement, while the final county, Greenlee County, is named after one of the state's early pioneers.[3]

Under Arizona laws, a county shall not be formed or divided by county initiative unless each proposed county would have all of the following characteristics: (1) at least three-fourths of one percent of the total state assessed valuation and at least the statewide per capita assessed valuation; (2) a population of at least three-fourths of one percent of the total state population according to the most recent United States decennial census; (3) at least one hundred square miles of privately owned land; (4) common boundaries with either (a) at least three other existing or proposed counties; or (b) at least two other existing or proposed counties and the state boundary.[4] A county formation commission is required to be formed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed county.[5] A proposal to divide a county must be approved by a majority of the votes cast in each proposed new county.[6]

Under the Arizona Constitution, counties are politically and legally creatures of the state, and do not have charters of their own. Counties are governed by boards of supervisors which act in the capacity of executive authority for the county within the statutes and powers prescribed by Arizona state law. With few exceptions, these powers are narrowly construed. The state legislature devotes considerable time to local matters, with limited discretion granted to the Board of Supervisors on minor ordinance, zoning, and revenue collection issues.

Arizona's postal abbreviation is AZ and its FIPS code is 04.

Alphabetical listing

County
 FIPS code[7] County seat[8] Est.[8] Formed from[2] Etymology[3] Population[9] Area[8][9] Map
Apache County 001 St. Johns 1879 Yavapai County The Apache (Ndee) people. Apache is an exonym from Zuni ʔapaču "Navajos" or Yavapai ʔpačə "enemy". 65,432 11,218 sq mi
(29,054 km2)		 State map highlighting Apache County
Cochise County 003 Bisbee 1881 Pima County Cochise, a Chiricahua Apache chief and leader of an 1861 uprising. Cochise is an anglicisation of K'uu-ch'ish "oak". 125,663 6,219 sq mi
(16,107 km2)		 State map highlighting Cochise County
Coconino County 005 Flagstaff 1891 Yavapai County Coconino is a former designation for the Havasupai, Hualapai, and/or Yavapai, derived from the Hopi exonym Kohonino. 144,060 18,661 sq mi
(48,332 km2)		 State map highlighting Coconino County
Gila County 007 Globe 1881 Maricopa and Pinal Counties The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado. Possibly from Apache dzil "mountain," via Spanish Xila. 53,922 4,796 sq mi
(12,422 km2)		 State map highlighting Gila County
Graham County 009 Safford 1881 Apache and Pima Counties Mount Graham, in the Pinaleños. Mt. Graham itself is named for topographical engineer James Duncan Graham.[10] 38,779 4,641 sq mi
(12,020 km2)		 State map highlighting Graham County
Greenlee County 011 Clifton 1909 Graham County Mason Greenlee, early prospector. Named by an amendment initially intended to delay the bill creating "Lincoln County".[11] 9,302 1,848 sq mi
(4,786 km2)		 State map highlighting Greenlee County
La Paz County 012 Parker 1983 Yuma County La Paz, Arizona, a historic boomtown on the Colorado River. A common placename, La Paz means "The Peace" in Spanish. 16,506 4,513 sq mi
(11,689 km2)		 State map highlighting La Paz County
Maricopa County 013 Phoenix 1871 Pima and Yavapai Counties The Maricopa (Piipaash) people. First attested in Spanish as Cocomaricopa, no origin or meaning is definitively known. 4,551,524 9,224 sq mi
(23,890 km2)		 State map highlighting Maricopa County
Mohave County 015 Kingman 1864 — The Mohave (Aha Makhav) people. The Mohave endonym means "along the water," referring to the Colorado.[12] 220,816 13,470 sq mi
(34,887 km2)		 State map highlighting Mohave County
Navajo County 017 Holbrook 1895 Apache County The Navajo (Diné) people. Navajo is an exonym from Tewa Navahu "big field," referring to the San Juan River Valley 108,650 9,959 sq mi
(25,794 km2)		 State map highlighting Navajo County
Pima County 019 Tucson 1864 — The Pima (Akimel O'odham) people. Pima is a Spanish exonym from the O'odham phrase pi mac "(I) don't know," presumably heard during initial encounters. 1,057,597 9,189 sq mi
(23,799 km2)		 State map highlighting Pima County
Pinal County 021 Florence 1875 Maricopa and Pima counties Pinal Peak, possibly from Spanish pinal "place of pines". Pinal Peak is now within the borders of Gila County. 464,154 5,374 sq mi
(13,919 km2)		 State map highlighting Pinal County
Santa Cruz County 023 Nogales 1899 Cochise and Pima counties Santa Cruz River, a tributary of the Gila. A common placename, Santa Cruz means "Holy Cross" in Spanish. 48,759 1,238 sq mi
(3,206 km2)		 State map highlighting Santa Cruz County
Yavapai County 025 Prescott 1864 — The Yavapai people. The Yavapé are one of four major Yavapai bands. 246,191 8,128 sq mi
(21,051 km2)		 State map highlighting Yavapai County
Yuma County 027 Yuma 1864 — Yuma is a former name of the Quechan people, derived from the O'odham exonym Yumĭ. 207,842 5,519 sq mi
(14,294 km2)		 State map highlighting Yuma County

Excluded counties

Counties of the Territory of New Mexico, 1852.

Extinct counties

Proposed counties

See also

References

  1. ^ "Find A County". uscounties.org. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  2. ^ a b Adams, Ward R. (1997). History of Arizona. Higginson Book Company. ISBN 0-8328-7044-7.
  3. ^ a b Kane, Joseph & Aiken, Charles (2004). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950–2000. Scarecrow Press. p. 333. ISBN 0-8108-5036-2. arizona county origins.
  4. ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-132(B)
  5. ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-136
  6. ^ Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 11-137(H)
  7. ^ "EPA County FIPS Code Listing". EPA. Archived from the original on September 28, 2004. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  8. ^ a b c National Association of Counties. "NACo – Find a county". Archived from the original on April 10, 2005. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  9. ^ a b "Arizona QuickFacts". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2023. (2022 Census estimate)
  10. ^ "A Little Bit of Mount Graham History". University of Arizona. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  11. ^ "History of Greenlee County: Mason Greenlee". Greenlee County Government. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
  12. ^ "The Name Mojave". Mojave Desert Heritage and Cultural Association. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  13. ^ Rowe, Jeremy (2011). Early Maricopa County: 1871–1920. Arcadia Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7385-7416-5. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Mark, Jay (January 12, 2017). "Tempe history: Tempe – Seat of Butte County". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  15. ^ McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture, Volume 2. Arizona: S. J. Clarke publishing Company. p. 334. Retrieved February 17, 2017.

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