Paraphilia
SpecialtyPsychiatry

Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or the desire to act on them with a nonconsenting person).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."[3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

A

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility[4]
Acrotomophilia People with amputations[5][6]
Adipophilia Overweight or obese people
Agalmatophilia Statues, mannequins and immobility[7]
Algolagnia Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation[8]
Andromimetophilia Trans men[4][9]
Anililagnia Attraction by young men to older women[10]
Anthropophagolagnia Raping and then cannibalizing another person[11]
Anthropophagy Ingesting human flesh[11]
Apotemnophilia Being an amputee[5][12]
Asphyxiophilia Being asphyxiated or strangled[5]
Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities.[13]
Autagonistophilia Being on stage or on camera[14][15]
Autassassinophilia Being in life-threatening situations[5]
Autoerotic asphyxiation Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness[15]
Autogynephilia Controversial term intended to refer to sexual arousal of a biological male in response to the image of themselves as female.[16]
Autoandrophilia Controversial term intended to refer to sexual arousal of a biological female in response to the image of themselves as male.[17]
Auto-haemofetishism Bleeding oneself (does not involve ingestion of blood). Type of Hematolagnia.[18]
Autonepiophilia The image of one's self in the form of an infant.[14]
Autopedophilia The image of one's self in the form of a child.[19]
Autoplushophilia The image of one's self in the form of a plush.[19]
Aquaphilia A sexual fetish that involves people swimming, posing, or even drowning in water.
Autovampirism/Vampirism The image of one's self in the form of a vampire.[20][21][22] Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood.[18]
Autozoophilia The image of one's self in the form of an animal.[19]

B

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Biastophilia/Raptophilia Raping a person, possibly consensual rape fantasy.[5][14]

C

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Capnolagnia Smoking[23]
Cheirophilia Hands
Chremastistophilia Being robbed or held up[14]
Chronophilia Partners of a widely differing chronological age[14]
Coprophilia Feces; also known as scat, scatophilia or fecophilia[2][24]
Crurophilia Legs[25]
Cuckolding fetish Infidelity[26]

D

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Dacryphilia Tears or crying[27]
Diaper fetishism Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism[28]
Dendrophilia Trees[5]

E

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Emetophilia Vomit[4]
Eproctophilia Flatulence[3]
Erotic asphyxiation Asphyxia of oneself or others[29]
Erotophonophilia Murder, often of strangers (also known as dacnolagnomania).[11]
Exhibitionism Exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others[2]

F

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Feederism Eating, feeding, and weight gain[30]
Fictophilia Fictional character[31]
Formicophilia Being crawled on by insects[14][32]
Forniphilia Turning a human being into a piece of furniture
Frotteurism Rubbing against a non-consenting person[2]

G

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Gerontophilia Elderly people[33]
Gynandromorphophilia, Gynemimetophilia Transgender women[4][34]
Galactophilia Breastfeeding or sucking on a woman's breasts [35]

H

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Hematolagnia Drinking or looking at blood[36]
Heterophilia Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people.[37][38][39]
Hoplophilia Firearms, guns[40]
Hybristophilia Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes[14][41]

I

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Infantophilia Pedophilia with a focus on children less than five years old; a recently suggested term that is not in general use[42]

K

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Kleptophilia Stealing; also known as kleptolagnia[4]
Klismaphilia Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both[4][43]

L

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Lactophilia Breast milk[44]
Liquidophilia Immersing genitals in liquids[44]

M

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Macrophilia Giant beings; the imagined growth of beings[44]
Maschalagnia Armpits[3]
Mazophilia Female breasts
Masochism Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused[2]
Maiesiophilia Pregnant women[45]
Mechanophilia Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia"[46][47][48]
Melolagnia Music[49]
Menophilia Menstruation[44]
Metrophilia Poetry[49]
Microphilia Shrunken beings; the imagined shrinking of beings[44]
Morphophilia Particular body shapes or sizes[15]
Mucophilia Mucus[44]
Mysophilia Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things[4]

N

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Narratophilia Obscene words[4]
Nasophilia Noses[44]
Navel fetishism Navel
Necrophilia Corpses[2][4][50]

O

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Objectophilia Specific inanimate objects[2]
Oculolinctus The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification
Odaxelagnia Biting or being bitten
Olfactophilia Smells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.).[4][14]
Omorashi Arousal from having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself.

P

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Paraphilic infantilism Dressing or being treated like a baby, also known as autonepiophilia[14] or "adult baby syndrome";[51] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism[28]
Partialism Specific, non-genital body parts[2][4]
Pedal pumping People (typically attractive women) needing assistance with automobiles, especially from getting stuck in mud, snow, etc.
Pedophilia Prepubescent children, also spelled paedophilia[2][52]
Peodeiktophilia Exposing one's penis[5]
Pedovestism Dressing like a child[53]
Podophilia Feet[54]
Pictophilia Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures[4][14]
Piquerism Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects[55]
Plushophilia Stuffed toy animals ("plushies").[56]
Pygophilia Buttocks[57]
Pyrophilia Fire[58]

R

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Robophilia Humanoid robots

S

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Salirophilia Soiling or dirtying others[4]
Sexual fetishism Nonliving objects[2]
Sexual sadism Inflicting pain on others[2]
Shoe fetishism Shoes, especially high heels
Somnophilia Sleeping or unconscious people[4][14]
Sophophilia Learning[59]
Sthenolagnia Muscles and displays of strength[44]
Stigmatophilia Body piercings and tattoos[5][44]
Symphorophilia Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents[5]
Telephone scatologia Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers; also known as telephonicophilia[2][14] and scatophilia[60]

T

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Teratophilia Deformed or monstrous people.[3] The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient Greek τέρας, teras, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
Toucherism Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand[61]
Toxophilia Archery[49]
Transvestic fetishism Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing which causes clinically significant distress or impairment[62]
Transvestophilia A cross-dressing sexual partner[14]
Trichophilia Hair[44]
Troilism Observing one's partner engaged in sexual activities with another person[4][15]

U

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Urolagnia Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on. Also referred to as "water sports".[2][4][14][15]

V

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Vorarephilia The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece; also known as vore[63]
Voyeurism Watching others while naked or having sex, generally without their knowledge; also known as scopophilia or scoptophilia[2][15]

W

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Wet and messy fetishism Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, slimed or covered in mud

Z

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Zoophilia Attraction to non-human animals[2][4][14]
Zoosadism Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain[64]

See also

References

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