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((Short description|United States civilian auxiliary service for military support))
((Use American English|date = March 2019))
((Use mdy dates|date = March 2019))
((more citations needed|date=April 2014))
((infobox organization
|name          = Military Auxiliary Radio System
|image         = 2010MarsLogo.png
|image_border  =
|size          = 200px
|caption       =
|map           =
|msize         =
|mcaption      =
|abbreviation  = MARS
|formation     = ((Start date and age|1925|11))
|extinction    =
|type          =
|status        =
|purpose       = To provide contingency communications support for the United States Department of Defense and Military Services
|headquarters  =
|location      =
|region_served = Worldwide
|membership    =
|language      =
|leader_title  =
|leader_name   =
|main_organ    =
|affiliations  =
|num_staff     =
|budget        =
|website       =
|remarks       =
))
The '''Military Auxiliary Radio System''' (MARS) is a [[United States Department of Defense]] sponsored program, established as a separately managed and operated program by the [[United States Army]], and the [[United States Air Force]]. The United States Navy-Marine Corps program closed in 2015.  The program is a [[Auxiliaries|civilian auxiliary]] consisting primarily of licensed [[amateur radio]] operators who are interested in assisting the military with communications on a regional and national level when access to traditional forms of communication may no longer be available.  The MARS programs also include active duty, reserve, and [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] units; and Navy, Marine Corps units.<ref>((cite book|title=The ARRL handbook for radio communications|year=2006|editor=R.D. Straw |publisher=[[ARRL]]|isbn=0-87259-948-5|page=2.5|location=Newington, CT|edition=38th))</ref>

MARS has a long history of providing worldwide auxiliary [[amateur radio emergency communications|emergency communications]] during times of need. The combined two-service MARS programs (Army, and Air Force), volunteer force of over 3,000 dedicated and skilled amateur radio operators provide the backbone of the MARS program. The main benefit of MARS membership is enjoying the amateur radio hobby through an ever-expanding horizon of MARS service to the nation. MARS members work by the slogans "Proudly Serving Those Who Serve" and "Proud, Professional, and Ready."

==History==
[[File:QSL-MARS-NSS-1969.jpg|thumb|left|QSL card sent by US Navy MARS station NSS for a cross-band radio contact with W2LV on Armed Forces Day 1969]]
The organization that led to the Military Auxiliary Radio System was called the Auxiliary Amateur Radio System (AARS). AARS was created in November 1925 by a few dedicated pioneers in the [[United States Army]] [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]] led by Captain Thomas C. Rives. The United States recognized radio as a critical mode of communication during World War I.
The integration of radio to support Army operations generated a significant manpower and skill requirement that was not easily met. The Army Amateur Radio System was formed in 1925 to provide a pool of trained radio operators to augment the Signal Corps during mobilization in time of war and provide an extension of the Signal Corps' radio network to support civil authority with natural disaster relief efforts. While supporting military goals, the organization was composed of volunteer civilians who were accomplished radio amateurs. These civilians applied their specialty skills in radio communication while supporting the Signal Corps across the continental United States, the Philippines, Panama, and Hawaii.<ref name="cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org">((Cite web|url=http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll3/id/2634|title=School of Advanced Military Studies Monographs))</ref>

The organization ultimately experienced both success and failure. The Army Amateur Radio System succeeded in developing the proficiency of its radio operators as demonstrated by the support provided to local, state, and federal authorities during natural disaster relief efforts. However, on the eve of the United States' entry into World War II, the Army Amateur Radio System's membership was significantly underdeveloped in numbers to provide significant manpower to augment the Signal Corps' mobilization for war.<ref name="cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org"/>  The AARS organization continued to operate until the United States entry into [[World War II]] on 7 December 1941, at which time radio amateurs were denied the use of the airwaves, and the amateur service and the Army Amateur Radio System were deactivated.  Following WWII, the US Army recognized the importance of reactivating the AARS to train vitally needed communications personnel at a relatively low direct cost to the government, and in 1946 the AARS was reactivated.
[[Image:DM-SN-83-03286.JPEG|thumb|upright|MARS Operator at [[Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany]], 1983.]]
The AARS functioned as such until the creation of the Military Affiliate Radio System in November 1948 with the establishment of separate Army and [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] MARS programs, reflecting the creation of the Air Force as a separate service. In 1948 Captain Robert L. Gabardy (K4TJ<ref>((Cite web|url=https://wireless2.fcc.gov/UlsApp/UlsSearch/license.jsp?licKey=248930|title = ULS License - Amateur License - K4TJ - GABARDY, ROBERT L))</ref>) selected the use of the acronym MARS, the Roman god of war, as a fitting name for the post-World War II rebirth of the AARS as the Military Amateur Radio System.<ref name="cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org"/> The program's name was changed to the Military Affiliate Radio System on 2 September 1952, in recognition of the organization's changing nature with the growing number of civilian volunteer members.  Eventually, the [[United States Navy|Navy]]-[[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] MARS program was established officially on 17 August 1962, and began operations on 1 January 1963.  This followed the Cuban Missile Crisis and [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy's]] concern for viable and extended communications capabilities.

During  the [[Korean War]], [[Vietnam War]], [[Cold War]] and [[Gulf War]], MARS was most known for its handling of "Marsgram" written messages and providing "phone patches" to allow overseas servicemen to contact their families at home.

The program's name was changed again to the current Military Auxiliary Radio System on 23 December 2009.

A dispatch issued in May 2009 announced the shutdown of the Navy and Marine Corps MARS program by September 30, 2009.<ref>((cite journal|author=Richard Fisher |title=Sunset for Navy MARS? Specter of shutting down mission raises questions, speculation| journal=CQ Amateur Radio|date=August 2009|page=46|volume=65|issue=8|issn=0007-893X))</ref>  However, Navy-Marine Corps MARS continued to function until September 30, 2015.

Department of Defense Instruction 4650.02, dated 23 December 2009 changed the status of MARS from an affiliate to an auxiliary (equal in status to the [[Coast Guard Auxiliary]] and [[Civil Air Patrol]]). This change in status saved the Navy-Marine Corps MARS program from being shut down((citation needed|date=May 2020)) and put it back in line with the Emergency Communications mission of its sister services (Army and Air Force MARS).

[[File:QSL-MARS-AEM1NEB-2002.jpg|thumb|left|QSL card from MARS station AEM1NEB]]

==Missions==
Military Auxiliary Radio System provides Department of Defense sponsored emergency communications on a local, national, and international basis. MARS also provides auxiliary communications for military entities only. One major mission that MARS has had for many years is to handle morale, welfare, and official record and voice communications traffic for [[United States Armed Forces|Armed Forces]] and authorized [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. Government]] [[civilian]] personnel stationed throughout the world. MARS establishes programs to create civilian interest, recruit qualified volunteers, and furnish training in military communications, techniques, and procedures.

Every year, MARS conducts an appropriate military and amateur radio cross-band exercise as an integral part of the annual [[Armed Forces Day]].  They provide a reserve of personnel trained in military radio communications, techniques, and procedures as well as to initiate efforts to improve radio-operating techniques.  MARS members test state-of-the-art technology through experimentation and testing.

==Armed Forces Day Crossband Test==
[[Image:Armed4.jpg|thumb|right|Navy-Marine Corps MARS station, NAV-4, operating on Armed Forces Day]]
MARS celebrates [[Armed Forces Day]] annually with a traditional military to amateur crossband communications test and a message-receiving test. These tests give [[amateur radio]] operators and [[shortwave listening|shortwave listeners]] an opportunity to demonstrate their individual technical skills and receive recognition from the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] or the appropriate military radio station for their proven expertise. A [[QSL card]] is provided to those making contact with one of the military stations. Special commemorative certificates are awarded to anyone who receives and accurately copies the digital Armed Forces Day message from the Secretary of Defense.

Participating military stations transmit on selected military MARS frequencies and listen for amateur radio stations in the amateur bands.  The military station operator will announce the specific amateur-band frequency being monitored.  Usually, the military MARS stations are at places such as [[The Pentagon]],<ref>k4af.org</ref> [[Fort Huachuca]], [[Andrews Air Force Base]], [[Nellis Air Force Base]], and various Navy and Coast Guard locations.

==Today==
[[Image:Aat3otinecu.JPG|thumb|left|MARS Operator, AAT3OT, using a radio to communicate with the [[United States Army Reserve|U.S. Army Reserve]] in the MARS Emergency Communications Unit trailer.  Note, that the MARS patch shown on the left sleeve, is NOT authorized for uniform wear.  That being said, MARS does not even have uniforms.

]]

The Military Auxiliary Radio System continues to be active today. Its primary mission is to provide contingency communications to the Department of Defense and Military Services.

[[Image:puttingantennaup.JPG|thumb|right|MARS Operators erecting an [[High frequency|HF]] antenna at [[Fort George G. Meade|Fort Meade]] for Grecian Firebolt 2005.]]
MARS participates in exercises such as QRPX, JulyX Skills Challenge, and Bold Quest to help support military communicators practice HF radio skills.  MARS interfaces with Amateur Radio and provides DoD with local, domestic information when normal methods of communications are impaired or disrupted.

The traditional land or sea-based MARS Radio Phone Patch is largely a thing of the past because land and sea-based MARS stations have been dismantled in favor of Satellite Phones. However, modern military aircraft are still equipped with  HF radios, and many military aircrews still use MARS Phone Patches as a backup or substitute to Satellite Communications. The [http://marsphonepatch.net/ USAF MARS Phone Patch Net] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815072021/http://marsphonepatch.net/ |date=August 15, 2015 )) provides 24/7 HF Radio Phone Patch service to all branches of United States military aircraft worldwide.

==Customers==
[[Image:070310-A-4000S-001.jpg|thumb|right|Members of the then Military Affiliate Radio System (MARS) prep an antenna on 10 May 2007 as they respond to a simulated nuclear incident during Operation Vigilant Guard, a joint military and civilian training exercise under way at [[Camp Atterbury]], near [[Edinburgh, Indiana]]]]
*'''[[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]'''
**[[Department of the Army]]
**[[Department of the Air Force]]
*'''[[Department of Homeland Security]]'''
**[[United States Coast Guard]]
**[[Transportation Security Administration]] (TSA)<ref>((cite web |title=MARS to Assist with Republican, Democratic National Conventions |url=http://www.arrl.org/news/mars-to-assist-with-republican-democratic-national-conventions |website=arrl.org |publisher=American Radio Relay League |access-date=13 September 2022))</ref><ref name="Army2013">((cite web |last1=Vergun |first1=David |title=Army's Military Auxiliary Radio System still relevant in Internet age |url=https://www.army.mil/article/117034/armys_military_auxiliary_radio_system_still_relevant_in_internet_age |website=army.mil |publisher=United States Army |access-date=13 September 2022))</ref>
**[[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA)<ref name="Army2013" />
**[[National Communications System]] (NCS) (Former)
**[[National Disaster Medical System]] (NDMS)
*'''[[Department of State]]'''

==Termination of Navy MARS operations==

Effective September 30, 2015, Navy MARS no longer operates.  The US Navy, after completing a study, found that NAVY MARS provided no useful purpose to their missions.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.arrl.org/news/us-navy-marine-corps-mars-program-to-end|title = US Navy-Marine Corps MARS Program to End))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.qsl.net/aem1wf/Transition%20of%20Navy%20Marine%20Corps%20MARS.txt|title=Transition Of Navy Marine Corps MARS by Chief Navy-Marine Corp MARS|author=CHNAVMARCORMARS WILLIAMSBURG VA))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Civil Air Patrol]]
*[[Canadian Forces Affiliate Radio System]]
* [[Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

==References==
*[https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/r25_6.pdf Army Regulation 25-6]
*[https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/465002p.pdf Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 4650.02]
* ((cite book| last = Sexton| first = William C| title = Army MARS at 90| year = 2016| publisher = Lulu.com| isbn = 978-1-329-96432-7 ))

==External links==
((Commons category|Military Auxiliary Radio System))
* [https://netcom.army.mil/Information/MARS/ U.S. Army NETCOM - MARS application form and contact information]
* [http://www.usarmymars.org US Army MARS Official Website] 
* [http://www.mars.af.mil/ USAF MARS (AFMARS) Main Site]
* [http://afmars-nc-mil.us/ USAF MARS North Central Division]
* [http://www.marsphonepatch.net/ Air Force MARS - Phone-Patch net]
* [http://www.afnic.af.mil/ U.S. Air Force Network Integration Center]
* [http://www.cfarsoperations.ca/ Canadian Forces Affiliate Radio System]
* [http://www.qsl.net/aem1wf/ U.S. Army MARS - EUCOM, CENTCOM, & AFRICOM (Formerly known as "Region 11")]
* [https://www.facebook.com/HQArmyMARS U.S. Army MARS (on Facebook)]
* [http://www.bringingjerryhome.com/2011/12/marine-mars Blog covers MIA Widow's tribute to all MARS operators during Vietnam War] 
* ((Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.30256|name=A VISIT TO MARS (1970)))

((United States Military Auxiliaries))
((Military and Police Auxiliary Organizations within the United States))
((US military navbox))

[[Category:Amateur radio organizations]]
[[Category:Auxiliary military units]]
[[Category:United States Department of Defense]]

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