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((Short description|Type of low-noise block downconverter))
((Multiple issues |
((More citations needed|article|date=January 2021))
((Original research|date=September 2022))
))

[[Low-noise block downconverter| Low-noise block downconverters (LNBs)]]<ref name="Santoso_Edward_2020">((cite book |last1= Santoso|first1= K | last2=Edward | first2=I |title= 2020 6th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT) |year=2020 | chapter= Low Noise Block Down Converter and Block Up Converter Filters Design for Ku Band|pages= 1–5 |doi= 10.1109/ICWT50448.2020.9243642 |publisher= IEEE 2020 6th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT)|isbn= 978-1-7281-7596-6 |s2cid= 226268199 ))</ref> are electronic devices coupled to satellite dishes for TV reception or general telecommunication that convert electromagnetic waves into digital signals that can be used to transform information into human or machine interpretable data, e.g., optical images, video, code, communications, etc.

'''Monoblock''' (or '''monobloc''') low-noise block downconverters are a special type of LNBs representing a single device that contains several (typically 2–4) LNB units and a [[DiSEqC|Digital Satellite Equipment Control (DiSEqC)]] switch. The latter allows the recipient to receive signals from several neighboring satellites each communicating different channels or signals which increases the potential bandwidth of the receiver.

The two, three, or four [[Low-noise block downconverter|LNBs]] can be automatically addressed with any [[DiSEqC]] 1.0 or higher receiver. In some cases, they can also be addressed with ToneBurst/MiniDiSEqC. However, they are only available for satellites with a fixed 3-degree, 4°, 4.3°, or 6° other spacing.

Most receivers which are commercially available are compatible with at least [[DiSeqC|DiSeqC 1.0]] allowing dynamic switching between 4 satellites (all of contemporary '''Monoblock LNBs'''), as the recipient manually switches settings, e.g., flipping channels using a TV remote control.

== Availability examples ==

In [[Europe]], for example, there are monoblock single, twin, and quad LNBs for the [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]], which have a pre-defined spacing of 6 degrees (for [[Astra 19.2°E]]/[[Hot Bird|Hot Bird 13°E]]).

In March 2007, a new type of monoblock, called the [[Duo LNB]] was introduced by [[CanalDigitaal]] in the [[Netherlands]] for the simultaneous reception of  [[Astra 19.2°E]]/[[Astra 23.5°E]] with a spacing of just 4.3 degrees.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.ijzersterkduo.nl/images/upload/Persbericht.web.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020190001/http://www.ijzersterkduo.nl/images/upload/Persbericht.web.pdf|archive-date=2007-10-20|url-status=dead|title=Persbericht: Satellietontvangst regionale omroep vanaf 1 september a.s. alleen nog via ASTRA 23.5|date=2007-08-09|accessdate=2020-11-19))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ijzersterkduo.nl/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508040805/http://www.ijzersterkduo.nl/|archive-date=2008-05-08|url-status=dead|title="Marketing campaign "ijzersterk duo" from CanalDigitaal and SES|date=2008-05-08|accessdate=2020-11-19))</ref> Unlike most other monoblocks, the [[Duo LNB]] was intended for use with 60&nbsp;cm dishes, whereas most monoblocks may require a larger, 80&nbsp;cm or 1&nbsp;m dish.

The [[Duo LNB]] is available in [[Low-noise block downconverter#Dual, twin, quad, and octo LNBs|twin and quad]] versions. Triple monoblock LNBs are available in single, [[Low-noise block downconverter#Dual, twin, quad, and octo LNBs|twin, and quad]] versions.

There are also triple monoblock LNB units, which enable users to receive signals from three satellites. For example [[Hot Bird|Hotbird 13°E]], [[Eutelsat|Eutelsat 16°E]] and [[Astra 19.2°E]] can be used for positions [[Eutelsat|Eutelsat 7°E]], [[Eutelsat|Eutelsat 10°E]], and [[Hot Bird|Hotbird 13°E]]. This monoblock can also be used for other positions with the same spacing (3°+3°=6°spacing).

Other popular examples for different spacing are [[Astra 19.2°E|Astra 1: 19.2°E]], [[Astra 23.5°E|Astra 3: 23.5°E]] and [[Astra 28.2°E|Astra 2: 28.2°E]] (4.3°+4.7°=9°spacing).

There are four feed monoblock LNB units that enable users to receive signals from four satellites, for example, [[Eurobird|Eurobird 9°E]], [[Hotbird|Hotbird 13°E]], [[Astra 19.2°E]] and [[Astra 23.5°E]] (4°+6.2°+4.3°=14.5°spacing).

== Multiband Monoblock ==

There are also existing Monoblock LNBs that combine [[Low-noise block downconverter#Ku-band LNB|K<sub>u</sub>-band LNBs]] with one of the alternative band [[Low-noise block downconverter|LNBs]]. Examples of such bands include
[[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]] that is: [[Low-noise block downconverter#Ka-band LNB|K<sub>a</sub>-band LNBs]] or [[C band (IEEE)|C band]] that is: [[Low-noise block downconverter#C-band LNB|C-band LNBs]].

== Multiple Monoblock on one and the same dish ==

Two monoblock LNB can be connected to one receiving dish using [[Satellite dish#Multi-satellite|Multi-satellite]] techniques. However, the expected results of such connections may vary or be sub-optimal. The results may yield low-level signals from some or all of the satellites or it may work well in certain geographically favorable locations.

Monoblock LNBs can be connected by adding a [[DiSEqC]] switch with compatibility of cascading, or they can be connected directly to different satellite tuners, e.g., twin tuners with two separate inputs.
However, placing several separate single-feed [[Low-noise block downconverter|LNBs]] can lead to better results and more optimal signal levels.

== Future prospects ==

Current [[DiSEqC]] technology could allow building monoblock LNB for parallel 16 or cascading 64 satellites positions. However, the main limiting factors are 
market demands and the popularization of narrow directional beams among TV stations broadcasters, who generally object to inclusive broad audiences despite the clear advantage of lowering the aggregate carbon footprint of monoblock LNBs.

Another adoption barrier for monoblock LNBs with 16 satellites positions is the need for a special shape of antenna dish, which restricts the market potential.

Using [[DiSEqC|DiSEqC 1.1]] 7-8 satellites positions from 24° spacing could be addressed and received with a lot of success by standard size and shape dish in some densely populated areas across the globe. The cheapest way appears to involve expanding the triple-feed 3° monoblock design to encompass additional satellite positions, since there are plenty of 3° separated satellites.

The greatest problem is designing a thin 2°,1° or 0.5° monoblockLNB. A cost-effective solution overcoming this obstacle may lead innovative designs of large matricesd of multiple [[Low-noise block downconverter|LNBs]] tightly packed into a single monoblock LNB receiver.

Another limiting factor is low awareness by the general population and satellite reception users of [[Satellite dish#Multi-satellite|Multi Feed Multi satellite]], and the fact that it is so easily possible. That awareness is further crippled by the fact that [[DiSEqC]] and Monoblock LNBs are not compatible with a [[satellite channel router]] (SCR) or [[unicable (technology)|unicable]] LNBs in a [[single cable distribution]].

Upon signing cable subscriptions, through a [[single cable distribution]], end-users need to choose between multiple incompatible receivers compliant with either a single [[unicable (technology)|unicable]] [[Low-noise block downconverter|LNB]] or a [[Satellite dish#Multi-satellite|Multi Feed Multi-satellite reception]] by Monoblock LNB in [[Low-noise block downconverter#Dual, twin, quad, and octo LNBs|twin and quad]] versions, unless they intend to use two or four separate cables connected to alternative independent receivers intended for a multi-room experiences.

The technical specifications and confusing advertisements tend to overwhelm the general consumer. Many countries offer [[Free To Air]] satellite and terrestrial broadcast services, which are downplayed to promote commercial cable TV providers and pay-per-view systems.

==See also==
*[[Duo LNB]]
*[[Universal Satellites Automatic Location System|USALS = Universal Satellites Automatic Location System]]
*[[DiSEqC|DiSEqC = Digital Satellite Equipment Control]]
*[[Sat-IP|SAT&gt;IP]] end-user consumer equipment that can switch different ip streams from different SAT&gt;IP servers and facilitates selection of reception from different satellites
*[[Satellite dish#Motor-driven dish|Motor-driven Satellite dish]]
*[[Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish]]
*[[Astra 19.2°E|Astra 1: 19.2°E]]
*[[Astra 23.5°E|Astra 3: 23.5°E]]
*[[Astra 28.2°E|Astra 2: 28.2°E]]
*[[Hot Bird|Hotbird 13°E]]
*[[Eutelsat]]
*[[Eurobird]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Satcomm|state=uncollapsed))
((Telecommunications))

[[Category:Telecommunications equipment]]
[[Category:Consumer electronics]]
[[Category:Satellite broadcasting]]
[[Category:Radio frequency antenna types]]
[[Category:Antennas (radio)]]

[[cs:Low-noise block converter#Monoblock LNB]]
[[de:Rauscharmer Signalumsetzer#Monoblock-LNB]]
[[fr:Tête universelle#Alternatives en Europe]]
[[pl:Konwerter satelitarny#Konwerter Monoblock]]

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