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((Short description|Type of shoe))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2019))
((More citations needed|date=December 2013))
[[File:Oxford shoe1.jpg|thumb|Men's cap toe oxford shoe [[Crockett & Jones]]]]
An '''Oxford [[shoe]]''' is characterized by [[shoelace]] [[eyelets]] tabs that are attached under the [[Shoe#Construction|vamp]],<ref name="hibbert">((cite book | title=[[The Encyclopaedia of Oxford]] | publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] | chapter=Oxford Shoe | year=1988 | page=304 | isbn=0-333-39917-X | editor-last=Hibbert |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Hibbert ))</ref> a feature termed "closed lacing".<ref>((Cite web|title = The Derby Shoe & Blucher Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|url = http://www.gentlemansgazette.com/derby-shoe-blucher-guide/|website = www.gentlemansgazette.com|access-date = 2015-11-11))</ref> This contrasts with [[Derby shoe|Derbys]], or [[bluchers]], which have shoelace eyelets attached to the top of the vamp.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/derby-shoe-blucher-guide/|title=The Derby Shoe & Blucher Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|last=Schneider|first=Sven Raphael|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07))</ref> Originally, Oxfords were plain, formal shoes, made of leather, but they evolved into a range of styles suitable for formal, uniform, or casual wear. On the basis of function and the dictates of fashion, Oxfords are now made from a variety of materials, including calf leather, faux and genuine [[patent leather]], suede, and canvas. They are normally black or brown, and may be plain or patterned ([[Brogue shoe|brogue]]).

==Terminology==
The meaning of "Oxford" and "balmoral" may vary geographically. In the United States and Scotland, "Balmoral" is often synonymous with "Oxford".<ref>((Cite web|url=https://steptronicfootwear.co.uk/blog/the-history-of-the-oxford-shoe/|title=The History of the Oxford Shoe / Steptronic Footwear|website=steptronicfootwear.co.uk|access-date=2019-09-07))</ref> In the [[United States]], "Oxford" is sometimes used for any more formal lace-up shoe, including the [[Blucher shoe|Blucher]] and [[Derby shoe|Derby]]. In Britain and other countries, the Balmoral is an Oxford with no seams, apart from the toe cap seam, descending to the [[Welt (shoe)|welt]], a style common on [[boot]]s.  Oxford shoes are also known for their variation or style. The Cap-Toe Oxford is the most well-known, although 'Whole Cut', 'Plain Toe', and a variation of 'Brogue' Oxfords are commonly referred to styles.<ref>((Cite web|title=Oxford Shoe ((!)) Information Guide|url=https://tgcollection.com.au/pages/the-oxford-shoe-information-guide|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Thomas George Collection|language=en))</ref>  Shoes with [[closed lacing]] (Oxfords/Balmorals) are considered more formal than those with [[open lacing]] (Bluchers/Derbys).<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.finderzkeeperz.co.za/2018/06/16/fashion-trending-what-are-oxford-shoes-fashion-textile-industry-what-are-oxford-shoes/|title=FASHION TRENDING – WHAT ARE OXFORD SHOES: FASHION/TEXTILE INDUSTRY (WHAT ARE OXFORD SHOES)|website=Finderz Keeperz))</ref>  A particular type of oxford shoe is the wholecut oxford, its upper made from a single piece of leather with only a single seam at the back or in the rare exception no seams at all.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/oxford-shoes-guide/|title=Oxford Shoes Guide - How To Wear Oxfords, How To Buy & What To Avoid — Gentleman's Gazette|website=www.gentlemansgazette.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07))</ref>

==History==
[[File:Evening oxfords MET 52.108.8a-b CP4.jpg|thumb|Evening Oxford shoes created by Alfred J. Cammeyer in 1891]]
Oxfords first appeared in [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]], where they are occasionally called '''Balmorals''' after [[Balmoral Castle]]. However, the shoes were later named '''Oxfords''' after [[Oxford University]]. This shoe style did not appear in [[North America]] until the 1800s.<ref>((cite web|title=What are oxford shoes?|url=http://wisegeek.com/what-are-oxford-shoes.htm|publisher=Conjecture Corporation|access-date=6 February 2017))</ref> In the [[United States]], Oxfords are called '''"Bal-type"''' as opposed to "[[Blucher shoe|Blucher]]-type". In [[France]], Oxfords are known as '''Richelieu'''.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://oldmartin.co.uk/old-martin-blog/top-five-dress-shoes-for-men-wardrobe-collection-best-5-dress-shoe-styles/|title=Top Five Dress Shoes for Men & Wardrobe Collection ((!)) Best 5 Dress Shoe Styles|date=2019-03-03|website=Old Martin|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07))</ref>

Oxfords were derived from the Oxonian, a half-boot with side slits that gained popularity at [[Oxford University]] in 1800.<ref>((Cite web|title = The Oxford Shoes Guide — Gentleman's Gazette|url = http://www.gentlemansgazette.com/oxford-shoes-guide/|website = www.gentlemansgazette.com|access-date = 2015-11-11))</ref> Unlike early shoes, Oxfords were cut smaller than the foot. The side slit evolved into a side lace that eventually moved to the instep, as students rebelled against knee-high and ankle-high boots. The toe cap can either be lined with two narrow rows of stitching, perforated holes along the end cap stitching (quarter-[[Brogue shoe|brogue]]), perforated holes along the end cap stitching and on the toe cap (semi-brogue), or a semi-brogue with the classical wingtip design (full-brogue).<ref>((Cite web|url=https://joseluisrocha.com/blog/2014/4/6/nothing-like-a-new-pair-of-oxfords|title=Nothing like a new pair of Oxfords|website=J.L. Rocha Collections|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07))</ref>

[[File:Acorn captoes side.JPG|thumb|Men's [[Brogue shoe#Quarter brogues|quarter brogue]] oxford shoes]]
[[File:Pair of full brogue shoes by Santoni.jpg|thumb|right|Men's [[Brogue shoe#Full brogues (or Wingtips)|full brogue]] (or wingtip) oxford]]

==See also==

((Commons category|Oxford shoes))
* [[Blucher shoe|Blucher]]
* [[Brogue shoe|Brogue]]
* [[Derby shoe|Derby]]
* [[Saddle shoe|Saddle]]
* "[[The Short Happy Life of the Brown Oxford]]"
* [[Spectator shoe|Spectator]]
* [[Wholecut]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Footwear))

((DEFAULTSORT:Oxford Shoe))
[[Category:Shoes]]
[[Category:Culture of the University of Oxford]]

[[pt:Sapato clássico#Oxford]]

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