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((Short description|Medieval Frankish noble family))
((Infobox noble house
|surname          = Robertian dynasty
|type             = [[Royal house]]
|native_name      = Robertiens
|native_name_lang = French
|country          = [[Francia]]<br>[[West Francia]]
|estates          = 
|titles           = * [[List of Frankish kings|Kings of West Francia]]
* [[Dukes of the Franks]]
* [[Dukes of Burgundy]]
* [[Marches of Neustria|Margraves of Neustria]]
* [[Counts of Paris]]
* [[Counts of Hesbaye]]
* [[Counts of Orléans]]
* [[Wormsgau|Counts of Worms]]
|styles           = 
|founded          = ca. ((start date|800))
|founder          = [[Robert II, Count of Hesbaye|Robert of Hesbaye]]
|final ruler      = [[Hugh the Great]]
|dissolution      = ((end date|956))
|cadet branches   = *[[Capetian dynasty|Capetians]]
*[[Babenberg#Popponids|Popponids]]
))
The '''Robertians''' (sometimes called the '''Robertines''' in modern scholarship) are the proposed [[Franks|Frankish]] family which was ancestral to the [[Capetian dynasty]], and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries (currently [[King of Spain|Spain]] and [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]). The Capetians appear first in the records as powerful nobles serving under the [[Carolingians|Carolingian dynasty]] of [[Charlemagne]] in [[West Francia]], which later became [[France]]. As their power increased, they came into conflict with the older royal family and attained the crown several times before the eventual start of the continuous rule of the descendants of [[Hugh Capet]] (ruled 987–996).

Hugh's paternal ancestral family, the Robertians, appear in documents that can trace them back to his great-grandfather [[Robert the Strong]] (d. 866). His origins remain unclear, but medieval records hint at an origin in [[Austrasia|East Francia]], in present-day [[Germany]], an area then still also ruled by the Carolingians. In particular, [[Regino of Prüm]] (died 915) states that Robert the Strong's son Odo was said to be a relative (''nepos'') of a Count Meingaud, count of an area near [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], who died in 892, and there are indications that Maingaud's family used the names Robert and Odo.

Modern proposals about their ancestry further back are based on the idea that there was one family which frequently named its sons Robert, including [[Robert III of Worms]] (800–834), [[Robert the Strong]] (d. 866), and [[Robert I of France]] (866–923). For example, one proposed ancestor is [[Robert of Hesbaye]] (c. 800), about whom there are almost no records.

The Robertian family figured prominently amongst the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] nobility and married into this royal family. Eventually, the Robertians themselves produced Frankish kings such as the brothers [[Odo of France|Odo]] (reigned 888–898) and [[Robert I of France|Robert I]] (r. 922–923), then [[Hugh Capet of France|Hugh Capet]] (r. 987–996), who ruled from his seat in Paris as the first Capetian king of France.

Although [[Philip II of France|Philip II Augustus]] (r. 1180–1223) was officially the last monarch of [[Kingdom of France|France]] with the title "King of the Franks" (''rex Francorum'') and the first to style himself "King of France" (''roi de France''), in (systematic application of) [[historiography]], Hugh Capet holds this distinction. He founded the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetians]], the royal dynasty that ruled France until the revolution of the [[French Second Republic|Second French Republic]] in 1848((mdash))save during the interregnum of the [[French Revolution]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]]. Members of the family still reign in Europe today; both King [[Felipe VI]] of Spain and Grand Duke [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri]] of [[Luxembourg]] descend from this family through the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon cadet branch]] of the dynasty.

==Origin==
((More citations needed
|section| date = May 2017
))

The oldest known Robertians probably originated in the county of [[Hesbaye]], around [[Tongeren]] in modern-day [[Belgium]]. The first certain ancestor is [[Robert the Strong]] count of [[Paris]],<ref>((Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/writinghistoryfo00urba|url-access=registration|title=Writing History for the King: Henry II and the Politics of Vernacular Historiography|last=Urbanski|first=Charity|date=2013-09-20|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9780801469718|pages=[https://archive.org/details/writinghistoryfo00urba/page/160 160]|language=en))</ref> probably the son of Robert III of Worms, grandson of Robert of Hesbaye, and nephew of [[Ermengarde of Hesbaye]], who was the daughter of [[Ingerman of Hesbaye|Ingram]], and wife of [[Louis the Pious]]. Other related family includes [[Cancor]], founder of the [[Lorsch Abbey]], his sister Landrada and her son [[Chrodegang of Metz|Saint Chrodogang]], archbishop of [[Metz]].

==History==
===Robert the Strong===
The sons of Robert the Strong were [[Odo of France|Odo]] and [[Robert I of France|Robert]], who were both king of [[Western Francia]] and ruled during the [[Carolingian]] era. His daughter Richildis married a count of [[Troyes]]. The family became [[Paris|Counts of Paris]] under Odo and "Dukes of the Franks" under Robert, possessing large parts of the ancient [[Neustria]].  Although quarrels continued between Robert's son [[Hugh the Great]] and [[Louis IV of France]], they were mended upon the ascension of [[Lothair I of France]] (954–986).  Lothair greatly expanded the Robertian dominions when he granted Hugh [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]] as well as much of [[Kingdom of Burgundy|Burgundy]],<ref name=NewCamb>((cite book|last=Bourchard|first=Constance Brittain|title='''The New Cambridge Medieval History: Vol. III, c.900 – c.1024''' (Link is extract=Volume III, Chapter 1 "Introduction: Reading the Tenth Century")|year=1999|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=III|location=Cambridge|chapter=Burgundy and Provence:879–1032|editor1-last=Reuter|editor1-first=Timothy|editor1-link=Timothy Reuter|editor2-last=McKitterick|editor2-first=Rosamond|editor2-link=Rosamond McKitterick|editor3-last=Abulafia|editor3-first=David|editor3-link=David Abulafia|isbn=0521364477|page=336|edition=1. publ.|url=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/93039643.pdf|access-date=28 Feb 2013))</ref> both rich and influential territories, arguably two of the richest in France.

The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of [[Louis V of France|Louis V]] (d. 987).  After the death of Louis, the son of Hugh the Great, [[Hugh Capet]] was chosen as king of the Franks, nominally the last ruler of [[West Francia]]. Given the resurgence of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] title and dignities in the [[West Francia]]n kingdom, Europe was later believed to have entered a new age, so Hugh came to be known in historiography as the first king of [[France]], as western civilization was perceived to have entered the [[High Middle Ages]] period. Hugh was crowned at [[Noyon]] on July 3, 987 with the full support of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Otto III]]. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named, after him, the [[Capetian dynasty|Capetians]]. They ruled France as the Capetians, [[House of Valois|Valois]], and [[Bourbons]] until the [[French Revolution]]. [[Bourbon Restoration in France|They returned after 1815]] and ruled until [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe]] was deposed in 1848.

However, they have continued to rule [[Spain]], with two republican interruptions, through the Bourbon Dynasty right down to the current king [[Felipe VI]].

==Family branches==
((see also|French monarchs family tree#Carolingian, Robertian, Bosonid dynasties|l1=Robertian kings family tree))
The first two generations are speculative.
*[[Robert I, Count of Hesbaye]] (697-748), Count of Hesbaye and Duke of Neustria, married Williswinda of Worms
**[[Cancor]] (d. 771), founder of [[Lorsch Abbey]]
***Heimrich (d. 795), count in the [[Lahngau]]
****[[Poppo of Grapfeld]] (d. 839–41), '''ancestor of the Frankish [[House of Babenberg]]'''
**Landrada, married [[Sigramnus, Count of Hesbaye]]
***[[Chrodegang of Metz|Saint Chrodogang]] (d. 766), Archbishop of Metz, Abbot of Lorsch Abbey
***Sigram of Hesbaye
****[[Ingerman, Count of Hesbaye]] (750-818)
*****[[Ermengarde of Hesbaye]] (778-818), wife of Emperor [[Louis the Pious]]
**[[Thuringbert, Count of Hesbaye]] (735-770)
***[[Robert II, Count of Hesbaye]] (770–807)
****[[Robert III of Worms]] (800–834)
*****[[Robert the Strong]] (830–866)
******[[Odo of France|Odo of Paris]] (857-898), king of [[West Francia]] from 888, married [[Théodrate of Troyes]]
*******Raoul
*******Arnulf
*******Guy
******Richildis, or Regilindis, married to William I of Périgueux, son of Count [[Wulgrin I of Angoulême]]
******[[Robert I of France|Robert]] (866–923), king of West Francia from 922, second marriage to [[Béatrice of Vermandois]]
*******[[Emma of France|Emma]] (894–935), married [[Rudolph of France|Rudolph of Burgundy]]
*******Adela, married [[Herbert II, Count of Vermandois]]
*******[[Hugh the Great]] (898–956), married for the 3rd time to [[Hedwige of Saxony]], daughter of German king [[Henry the Fowler]]
********Béatrice (c.938–987), married [[Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine|Frederick of Bar]]
********[[Hugh Capet]] (c.939–996), '''ancestor of the [[Capetian dynasty]]'''
********[[Emma of Paris, Duchess of Normandy]] (c.943–968), married [[Richard I, Duke of Normandy]]
********[[Otto, Duke of Burgundy|Otto of Paris]] (c.944–965), [[Duke of Burgundy]] from 956
********[[Henry I, Duke of Burgundy|Odo-Henry]] (c.946–1002), Duke of Burgundy from 965
********Herbert (d. 996), Bishop of [[Auxerre]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
*[[Pierre Riché]]. ''The Carolingians, a Family who Forged Europe''. University of Pennsylvania Press.
*[[Christian Settipani]] and Patrick van Kerrebrouck. ''La Préhistoire des Capetiens, Première Partie: Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens''.

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[[Category:Robertians| ]]

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