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((Short description|Tajik writer and intellectual (1878–1954)))
((More citations needed| date= May 2012))
((Infobox person
| name               = Sadriddin Ayni
| image              = AyniSadriddin.jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Sadriddin Ayni
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 15 April 1878
| birth_place        = Sāktare, [[Emirate of Bukhara]] (now [[Gʻijduvon District]], [[Bukhara Region]], [[Uzbekistan]])
| death_date         = ((Death date and age|df=yes|1954|7|15|1878|4|27))
| death_place        = [[Stalinabad]], [[Tajik SSR]], [[USSR]] (now [[Dushanbe, Tajikistan]])
| nationality        = Tajik
| other_names        = 
| known_for          = 
| occupation         = 
| awards             = [[Order of Lenin]], [[USSR State Prize]], [[Hero of Tajikistan]]
))
'''Sadriddin Ayni'''((efn|Also spelled as Sadriddin Aini)) (((lang-tg|Садриддин Айнӣ)), ((lang-fa|صدرالدين عينى)), ((lang-ru|Садриддин Саидмуродович Саидмуродов)); 15 April 1878 – 15 July 1954) was a [[Tajikistan|Tajik]] intellectual who wrote poetry, fiction, journalism, history, and a dictionary. He is regarded ((By whom|date=May 2012)) as Tajikistan's national poet and one of the most important writers in the country's history.

== Biography ==
Ayni was born into a peasant family in the village of Sāktare in what was then the [[Emirate of Bukhara]] (now [[Gʻijduvon District]]). His mother Zevar came from the village of Mahalla-i Bālā of [[Shofirkon District|Shofirkon]] tuman (now [[Bukhara Region]] of the [[Uzbekistan|Republic of Uzbekistan]]). He became an orphan at 12 and moved to join his older brother in [[Bukhara]], where he attended a Mir-i Arab [[madrasa]] and learned to write in Arabic.<ref>((cite web|title=Sadriddin Ayni -- Tajik National Hero|url=http://www.erepublik.com/en/article/sadriddin-ayni-tajik-national-hero-2262914/1/20|access-date=28 August 2014))</ref>

Studying in madrasa, Ayni simultaneously worked as a [[janitor]] and [[Cook (profession)|cook]]. The future writer was closely acquainted with prominent [[Bukhara]] [[Intellectual|intellectuals]], among whom were [[Sadr-i Ziya]], [[Damulla Ikram]] and others. Sadriddin Ayni was a participant of the movement of enlighteners - [[Jadid|jadids]].

An important moment in the life of the future writer was the [[communication]] with the workers of the [[Cotton gin|cotton ginning]] plant at [[Kızıltepe]] station, where he worked from September 1915 to April 1916. It was there that he found the heroes of his first [[Novel|novels]], published many years later.

But before becoming a [[writer]], before unconditionally and joyfully accepting the [[October Revolution]], Ayni had to pass another [[moral]] and physical test.

In April 1917, in front of the [[Emir]]'s [[residence]] in Bukhara, there was a performance by the extreme reactionary forces of the Emirate, mainly representatives of the [[clergy]]. Ayni refused to participate in this demonstration of loyalty. For this he was seized at home by furious [[Fanaticism|fanatics]] and publicly [[Punishment|punished]]: he received 75 blows with sticks. The tormented Ayni was thrown into the grim [[dungeon]] that is Obhona [[Prison]]. He would have shared the hard fate of many of his fellow citizens, if soon [[Bolsheviks]], whom the [[Petrograd Soviet|Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies]] of [[Kogon, Uzbekistan|Kogon]] had sent to help the victims of the Emir's terror, had not come to the rescue. On the [[Town square|square]] in front of the prison a spontaneous rally arose. It was then that Ayni for the first time stood up under the [[Red Banner|red banner]] of the [[revolution]].

In the early 1920s, Ayni helped to propagate the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]] in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In 1934, he attended the [[First Congress of Soviet Writers|first Soviet Congress of Writers]] as the Tajik representative. By purporting national identity in his writings, he was able to escape the Soviet censors that quieted many intellectuals in Central Asia. He was member of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan]] for 20 years, was awarded the [[Order of Lenin]] three times, and was the first president of the [[Tajik Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences of Tajik SSR]]. After 1992, his writing helped to bind together a sense of Tajik nationalism that survived the collapse of the Soviet Union.((Citation needed|date= May 2012))

Ayni gave indigenous Tajik literature in Tajikistan a boost in 1927 by writing ''Dokhunda'', the first Tajikistani novel in the [[Tajik language]].((Citation needed|date= May 2012)) In 1934 and 1935, leading Russian director [[Lev Kuleshov]] worked for two years in Tajikistan at a movie based on ''Dokhunda'' but the project was regarded with suspicion by the authorities as possibly exciting Tajik nationalism, and stopped. No footage survives.<ref name="Abdullaev">((cite book|author=Kamoludin Abdullaev|title=Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan|year=2002|publisher=Rowman and Littlefield|ISBN=978-1-5381-0251-0|pages=94–102))</ref> Ayni's four-volume ''Yoddoshtho'' (Memoirs), completed 1949-54 are famous and widely read.((Citation needed|date= May 2012)) In 1956, Tajik director Boris (Besion) Kimyagarov (1920–1979) was finally able to get approval for a movie version of ''Dokhunda''.<ref name="Arabova">((cite magazine|last=Arabova|first=Sharofat|date=25 March 2019|title= Cinema of Tajikistan|url= https://asianmoviepulse.com/2019/03/cinema-of-tajikistan/|magazine=Asian Movie Pulse|access-date=6 January 2020))</ref>
[[Image:1958 CPA 2177.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sadriddin Ayni on a 1958 Soviet stamp]]
Ayni's early poems were about love and nature, but after the national awakening in Tajikistan, his subject matter shifted to the dawn of the new age and the working class. His writings often criticized [[Mohammed Alim Khan|the Amir of Bukhara]]. Two well-known are ''The Slave'' and ''The Bukhara Executioners''.((Citation needed|date= May 2012))

Ayni died in [[Dushanbe]], the capital of Tajikistan, where a mausoleum stands in his honor.((Citation needed|date= May 2012))

==References==
<references/>

==Notes==

((Notelist))

==Translations==
Ainī, Sadriddin, and John R. Perry. 1998. ''The sands of Oxus: boyhood reminiscences of Sadriddin Aini''. Costa Mesa, Calif: Mazda Publishers.

==External links==
((Commons category|Sadriddin Ayni))
*[http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/AiniChron/Ainichrn.html Sadriddin Ayni's timeline, biography and names of works] 
((Authority control))
((Persian literature))

((DEFAULTSORT:Ayni, Sadriddin))
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Tajikistani historians]]
[[Category:People from Bukhara Region]]
[[Category:Members of the Tajik Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Tajikistani poets]]
[[Category:Tajikistani male writers]]
[[Category:Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:Tajikistani novelists]]
[[Category:Tajikistani journalists]]
[[Category:Tajik poets]]
[[Category:Socialist realism writers]]
[[Category:Soviet poets]]
[[Category:Soviet male writers]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Tajikistan politicians]]
[[Category:Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Fourth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Jadids]]
[[Category:Scholars of Persian literature]]
[[Category:19th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:People from the Emirate of Bukhara]]
[[Category:People from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Tajik people from the Soviet Union]]


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