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((Short description|Cultural and historic region of Scotland))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2015))
((Use British English|date=July 2020))
((more citations needed|date=August 2014))
((Infobox settlement
| name               = Lowlands
| native_name        = ((native name|gd|A' Ghalldachd))<br />((native name|sco|Lallans, Lawlands))
| image_map          = Scottish Highlands and Lowlands.png
| map_caption        = The Lowlands, shown in light green
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = Scotland
| population_demonym = Lowlander
| timezone1          = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset1        = +0
| timezone1_DST      = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset1_DST    = +1
))

The '''Lowlands''' (((lang-sco|Lallans)) or ((lang|sco|Lawlands)); ((lang-gd|a' Ghalldachd||place of the foreigners)), ((IPA-gd|ˈaˈɣauɫ̪t̪əxk|pron))) is a cultural and [[historical region]] of [[Scotland]].<ref name="EB">((Cite encyclopedia |title=Lowlands ((!)) region, Scotland, United Kingdom |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lowlands-region-Scotland |access-date=23 July 2020))</ref> 

The region is characterised by its relatively flat or gently rolling terrain as opposed to the mountainous landscapes of the [[Scottish Highlands]]. This area includes cities like [[Edinburgh]] and [[Glasgow]] and is known for its fertile farmland, historic sites, and urban centres. It is the more populous and industrialised part of Scotland compared to the sparsely populated Highlands.

Culturally, the Lowlands and the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] diverged from the [[Late Middle Ages]] into the [[modern period]], when [[Scots language|Lowland Scots]] replaced [[Scottish Gaelic]] throughout most of the Lowlands.

== Geography ==
The Lowlands is not an official geographical or administrative area of the country. There are two main topographic regions: the  Lowlands and the [[Southern Uplands]]. The term "Lowlands" mainly refers to the  [[Central Lowlands]]. However, in normal usage it refers to those parts of [[Scotland]] not in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] (or [[Gàidhealtachd]]).((citation needed|date=September 2018)) The boundary is usually considered to be a line between [[Stonehaven]] and [[Helensburgh]] (on the [[Firth of Clyde]]). The Lowlands lie south and east of the line. Some parts of the Lowlands (such as the [[Southern Uplands]]) are not physically "low", [[Merrick, Galloway|Merrick]] for example reaching ((convert|2766|feet)), while some areas indisputably in the Highlands (such as [[Islay]]) are low-lying.

For other purposes, the boundary varies; but if the [[Highland Boundary Fault|Boundary Fault]] is used, then the traditional Scottish counties entirely in the Lowlands are [[Ayrshire]], [[Berwickshire]], [[Clackmannanshire]], [[Dumfriesshire]],  [[East Lothian]], [[Fife]], [[Kinross-shire]], [[Kirkcudbrightshire]], [[Lanarkshire]], [[Midlothian]], [[Peeblesshire]], [[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]], [[Roxburghshire]], [[Selkirkshire]], [[West Lothian]], and [[Wigtownshire]]. Prior to 1921, the counties of East Lothian, Midlothian, and West Lothian were known as Haddingtonshire, Edinburghshire, and Linlithgowshire.

Traditional Scottish counties which straddle the Boundary fault include [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]], [[Dunbartonshire]], [[Stirlingshire]], [[Perthshire]], [[Kincardineshire]], [[Aberdeenshire (traditional)|Aberdeenshire]], [[Banffshire]], and [[Moray]].

Geographically, Scotland is divided into three distinct areas: the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]], the Central plain ([[Central Belt]], in the [[Central Lowlands]]), and the [[Southern Uplands]]. The Lowlands cover roughly the latter two. The northeast plain is also "low-land", both geographically and culturally, but in some contexts may be grouped together with the Highlands.

The term "Lowlands" is sometimes used to refer specifically to the "[[Central Lowlands]]", an area also known as the "Midland Valley". This area mainly encompasses the basins of the [[River Forth|Rivers Forth]] and [[River Clyde|Clyde]], and houses approximately 80 percent of Scotland's population (3.5 million in the [[Central Belt]]). Historically, the Midland Valley has been Scotland's most agriculturally productive region. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it experienced significant industrialisation and urbanisation, driven by coal deposits. While coal mining and heavy industry have declined ever since, the Midland Valley's economic importance endures. Today, it remains a central hub of the Scottish economy, with a focus on electronics, computer manufacturing, and service sectors like telecommunications, computer software, and finance.<ref>((Cite web |date=2023-08-16 |title=Lowlands ((!)) Scotland, Facts, Culture, & Map ((!)) Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lowlands-region-Scotland |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en))</ref>

The southernmost counties of Scotland, nearest the [[Anglo-Scottish border]], are also known as the [[Scottish Borders|Borders]]. They are sometimes considered separately from the rest of the Lowlands. Many ancestors of the [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]], as they are known in the United States, or [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster-Scots]], originated from the lowlands and borders region before migrating to the [[Ulster Plantation]] in the 17th century and later the [[American frontier]], many prior to the [[American Revolution]].<ref>((Cite book | last=Rouse | first=Parke Jr. |title=The Great Wagon Road: From Philadelphia to the South |publisher=Dietz Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0875170657 |edition=1st))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Leyburn |first=James G. |url=https://archive.org/details/scotchirishsocia0000leyb |title=The Scotch-Irish: A Social History |publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-0807842591 |edition=Reprint |pages=[https://archive.org/details/scotchirishsocia0000leyb/page/317 317–319] |orig-year=1962 |url-access=registration))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Jones |first=Maldwyn A. |url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther/ |title=Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups |publisher=The Belknap Press of [[Harvard University Press]] |year=1980 |isbn=0-674-37512-2 |editor-last=Thernstrom |editor-first=Stephan |editor-link=Stephan Thernstrom |location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Mass.]] |pages=895&ndash;908 |chapter=Scotch-Irish |oclc=6554009 |author-link=Maldwyn Jones |editor-last2=Orlov |editor-first2=Ann |editor-last3=Handlin |editor-first3=Oscar |editor-link3=Oscar Handlin |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther/page/895 |url-access=registration))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Fischer |first=David Hackett |title=Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America |title-link=Albion's Seed |year=1989 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0-19-503794-4 |location=New York |pages=605&ndash;782 |oclc=20012134 |author-link=David Hackett Fischer))</ref>

The term Scottish Lowlands is used with reference to the [[Scots language]] in contrast to the [[Scottish Gaelic]] spoken in the Highlands (although historically also in the lowlands until the 15th century and 18th century in Galloway), to the [[History of Scotland|Scottish history]] and to the [[Scottish clan]] system, as well as in family history and [[genealogy]].<ref name="EB" />

==Notes==
((Reflist))

((Scotland topics))
((Portal bar|Scotland))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Scottish Lowlands| ]]
[[Category:Historical regions in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Geography of Scotland]]
[[Category:Regions of Scotland|*]]
[[Category:Highland Boundary Fault]]

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands"