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((short description|Striptease performer))
((distinguish|sex worker))
((about|the striptease performer|the race horse called Exotic Dancer|Exotic Dancer (horse)|other uses))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=April 2020))
((Globalize|1=article|2=USA|date=January 2022))
((Original research|date=January 2024))
))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2021))
((pp-pc))
((pp-pc|small=yes))
((Infobox Occupation
| name               = Stripper
| image              = Exotic Dancer Crouch with Tips.jpg
| caption            = A stripper performing with tips she has received
| official_names     = Exotic dancer, [[erotic dancer]], [[go-go dancing|go-go dancer]], dancer
| type               = [[Performing arts]], [[sex industry]]
| activity_sector    = [[Strip clubs]], [[exhibitions]], [[festivals]], competitions, [[busking]]
| competencies       = [[Striptease]], [[pole dancing]], [[cage dancing]], [[lap dancing]]
| employment_field   = [[Adult entertainment]]
| related_occupation = [[Nude photography|Nude modeling]], [[pornography]]
))

A '''stripper''' or '''exotic dancer''' is a person whose occupation involves performing [[striptease]] in a public adult entertainment venue such as a [[strip club]]. At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at private events.

Modern forms of stripping minimize the interaction of strippers with customers, reducing the importance of the ''tease'' in the performance in favor of speed of undress (the ''strip'').<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqd25KYuLiwC&pg=PA37|title=Stripping, Sex, and Popular Culture|first=Catherine M.|last=Roach|date=1 November 2007|publisher=Berg|isbn=9781845201289|page=37|via=Google Books))</ref> Not all strippers are comfortable dancing topless or fully nude,<ref>((cite book |last=Barton |first=Bernadette |title=Stripped: inside the lives of exotic dancers |publisher=New York University Press |year=2006 |isbn=9780814799338 |location=New York)) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Cg5CU_UP06UC Details.]</ref> but in general, full nudity is common where not [[legal status of striptease|prohibited by law]]. The integration of the [[pole dance|burlesque pole]] as a frequently used [[prop]] has shifted the emphasis in the performance toward a more acrobatic, [[pornography|explicit]] form of expression compared to the slow-developing burlesque style. Most strippers work in strip clubs. A '''house dancer''' works for a particular club or [[franchising|franchise]], while a '''feature dancer''' typically has her own [[celebrity]], touring a club circuit and making appearances. Strippers are often not direct employees of clubs but instead perform as [[independent contractor]]s.

Before the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences, usually in strip clubs. At the same time, strippers of all genders were dancing in underground clubs or as part of a theatre experience. Since the 1970s, mainstream stripping has adopted a greater gender diversity and male strippers have become an established form of entertainment for female audiences. Their performances are usually fully choreographed, involving dance routines and costumes. Certain male and female strippers also perform for [[LGBT]] audiences as well as for all genders in [[Bisexuality|bisexual]] contexts.<ref name="What Does A Male Stripper Do?">((cite web | last = Carrier | first = Brandon | title = What does a male stripper do? (blog) | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120724050928/http://www.articleonlinedirectory.com/426100/what-does-a-male-stripper-do.html | archive-date = 24 July 2012 | url = http://www.articleonlinedirectory.com/426100/what-does-a-male-stripper-do.html | website = articleonlinedirectory.com | publisher = Article Online Directory |access-date=11 March 2015))</ref><ref name="The Naked Truth about Male Stripping">((cite news | last = Egan | first = Danielle | title = The naked truth about male stripping | url = https://thetyee.ca/Life/2006/01/06/NakedTruthStripping/ | work = [[The Tyee]] | location = Canada | date = 6 January 2006 | access-date = 11 March 2015))</ref> The term "male stripper" has decreased in use in books published in the 21st century.<ref>((cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=male+stripper&year_start=1946&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cmale%20stripper%3B%2Cc0 |title= Graph of these comma-separated phrases: 'male stripper' between 1946 and 2008 from the corpus 'English' |publisher= [[Google Ngram Viewer]] |access-date= 2 January 2016 ))</ref>

==Work environment==
Strippers perform striptease for a number of reasons, predominantly to make money. The [[physical attractiveness]] and [[sex appeal]] of the dancer determines the business the stripper tends to generate. There are no job prerequisites; formal training is minimal, primarily on the job and provided by more senior dancers. Dancers learn a set of rules, such as never leave money unattended; never leave the club with a customer; and never refuse a table dance. As long as she can "sell" herself, she is capable of becoming an exotic dancer.<ref name="Bernard 2003">((Cite journal | last1 = Bernard | first1 = Constance | last2 = DeGabrielle | first2 = Christen | last3 = Cartier | first3 = Lynette | last4 = Monk-Turner | first4 = Elizabeth | last5 = Phill | first5 = Celestine | last6 = Sherwood | first6 = Jennifer | last7 = Tyree | first7 = Thomasena | title = Exotic dancers: gender differences in societal reaction, subcultural ties, and conventional support | journal = Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | date = Winter 2003 | url = http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/jcjpc_vol10.html#vol10is1 | access-date = 7 February 2017 | archive-date = 16 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170116120011/http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/jcjpc_vol10.html#vol10is1 | url-status = dead )) [http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol10is1/bernard.pdf PDF] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425205231/http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol10is1/bernard.pdf |date=25 April 2014 )).</ref>

Touching strippers is not permitted in many localities. However, some dancers and clubs allow touching of dancers during private dances. If permitted, during a lap dance the dancer may dance sitting in the customer's lap, clothed or topless.<ref name="Bremer 2005">((citation | last = Bremer | first = Susan | contribution = The grind | editor-last1 = Egan | editor-first1 = Danielle | editor-last2 = Frank | editor-first2 = Katherine | editor-last3 = Johnson | editor-first3 = Merri | title = Flesh for fantasy: producing and consuming exotic dance | pages = 35–52 | publisher = Thunder's Mouth Press. Distributed by Publishers Group West | location = New York | year = 2006 | isbn = 9781560257219 | postscript = .))</ref> In parts of the US, there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, which the dancers must cover with [[pasties]].<ref name="VicTimes 2008"/> The common practice of hiring strippers as contractors rather than full-time employees often leads to job insecurity, unstable pay and a lack of health benefits. Strippers are also sometimes required to pay fees to the club for renting their stage. This precarious employment is accepted because of the stigma associated with exotic dancing.((citation needed|date=January 2021)) Strippers typically use make-up, costume, and perfume to enhance their performance.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

===In strip clubs===
Strippers most commonly work as providers of live entertainment in strip clubs. House dancers work for a particular club or [[franchising|franchise]], while feature dancers usually have [[celebrity]] status, touring a club circuit and making live appearances. [[Pornographic film actor|Porn stars]] often become feature dancers to earn extra income and build their fan base. High-profile adult film performers such as [[Jenna Haze]] and Teagan Presley have participated in feature shows throughout the US, as did now-retired stars such as [[Jenna Jameson]]. These dancers are not usually direct employees of the club but instead perform as independent contractors for a predetermined house fee.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

The use of strip clubs to facilitate sex for hire is much more common outside the US, and stripping is viewed in those settings as advertising for sexually oriented services performed in private areas of the club or off premises.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Stage performance====
Most clubs have a dancer rotation where each dancer in turn will perform for one or more songs in a fixed sequence which repeats during a shift. More informal clubs will have dancers take turns when a stage becomes empty or have a free flow of entertainers where the stage has any number of entertainers who wander off and on at will. Feature entertainers are not usually part of the rotation, and have set times where they will perform that are advertised throughout the shift. If a [[DJ]] is present, they will emcee the rotation and typically announce the current dancer(s) on stage and possibly whom to expect in future sets.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Tip collection====
During each set of one or more songs, the current performer will dance on stage in exchange for tips. Dancers collect [[tip (gratuity)|tip]]s from customers either while on stage or after the dancer has finished a stage show and is mingling with the audience. A customary tip (where customers can do so at the stage) is a dollar [[paper currency|bill]] folded lengthwise and placed in the dancer's [[garter (stockings)|garter]] from the ''tip rail''. Other common tip methods are to insert the dollar into the stripper's cleavage from the hand or mouth, or to simply place it or toss it onto the stage. Tipping during a stage performance is prohibited by some clubs due to restrictions in local ordinance or past incidents on the premises. Each club and dancer will have individual tolerance levels for customer interaction including tipping. Some clubs will have multiple stages on the premises that dancers will move between, but typically the dancer would collect for her time on the main stage during a rotation. Tips can also be collected during private dances.<ref>((cite journal|last=Wendroff|first=Darren|title=Strip-Club Etiquette|journal= [[Men's Health]] |date=September 2004|volume=19|issue=7|page=86| url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/14174771/strip-club-etiquette |access-date=10 May 2013))((dead link|date=November 2020|bot=medic))((cbignore|bot=medic))</ref>

====Private dance====
Where legal (or legal restrictions are ignored), dancers may offer additional services such as lap dances or a trip to the champagne room for a set fee rather than a tip. This fee will typically include a set fee for the room, for a set amount of time. Private dances in the main club areas most often take the form of [[table dance]]s, [[lap dance|lap and couch dances]], and bed dances among others. An ''air dance'' is a particular form of private dance where little to no contact between the dancer and customer occurs. This class of dance spans the different categories above, and some dancers can perform air dances when more contact-heavy forms of dance were expected and paid for.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Table dances are distinguished from other forms of dances in that they can be performed where the customer is seated on the main floor. Table dances also refer to a form of minimal touch private dance where the performer is physically located on a small table in front of the customer(s). Table dances should not be confused with table stages, where the stripper is at or above eye level on a platform surrounded by chairs and usually enough table surface for customers to place drinks and tip money. These stages are configured for close viewing of the striptease and are known for dancers lowering themselves from the stage onto customers during their set.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Lap dances can be (and are) performed in all manner of seating, ranging from plain stools and kitchen-grade chairs to plush leather armchairs. They can also be performed with the customer standing in these designated areas. A service provided by many clubs is for a customer to be placed on stage with one or more dancers for a public lap dance. Occasions for this type of performance are [[bachelor parties]] and birthdays in the club among others. Bed dances are designed for the customer to be lying down with the entertainer(s) positioned on top of them. Bed dances are the least common of the three, and in many clubs, these are a more expensive option than a lap dance because of the novelty and increased level of contact between customer and service provider.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

A ''champagne room'' (also called a ''champagne lounge'' or ''champagne court'') is a specialized VIP Room service offered by gentleman's clubs where a customer can purchase time (usually in half-hour increments) with an exotic dancer in a private room on the premises. Depending on the quality of the club, the room, which is away from the hustle and bustle of the main club, is well decorated and usually has its own bar. Clubs sell [[champagne (wine)|champagne]] by the glass or by the bottle for both the dancer and the customer.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

===Other locations===
Strippers can be contracted for performances outside the strip club environment. Some strippers will only strip for private engagements and do not have a regular affiliation with a strip club.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Adult industry trade shows often have strippers working, though many of them are affiliated with individual companies and not necessarily [[freelancers]]. There are also exhibitions, festivals, and competitions where independent strippers perform. [[Nudes-A-Poppin']] is a popular festival scheduled annually which features both female and male dancers competing in erotic dance.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Bachelor and bachelorette parties====
((Main|Bachelor party|Bachelorette party))
A [[bachelor party]] may involve activities beyond the usual party and social-gathering ingredients, such as going to a strip club or hiring a stripper to perform in a private setting like a home or hotel. In some traditions, there are [[hazing]]-like tests and pranks at the future groom's expense. These pranks can involve a stripper if the entertainer is willing. Some women also participate in a similar party to be held for the bride-to-be. This is known as a [[bachelorette party]] or Hen party.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Private parties====
Private parties are popular events for which to hire strippers. There are many [[entertainment]] businesses that have strippers contracted for private performances. Some of these companies have a national presence, with strippers contracted in multiple states and some who work regionally over a multi-state area. Strippers will also do side work and handle their own [[gentlemen's agreement|agreement]]s and [[payment]] arrangements. Written agreements are atypical in this type of transaction unless a formal, registered business is involved. They could also travel over significant (i.e. flight required) distances for private events and appointments, most of the time passing the cost of travel and [[lodging|accommodation]]s onto the customer. Patrons at the clubs in which the strippers work are a primary source of [[customer]]s for their work outside the club. Much like activities inside the club, different dancers have different comfort levels for services they will provide during a private party.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Other activities====
Aside from advertising for striptease services outside the club, an unknown percentage of strippers also work in other aspects of the [[sex industry]]. This can include erotic and nude modeling, pornography, escorting, and in some cases prostitution (which is now illegal in all states other than Nevada within the U.S.).((citation needed|date=March 2023))

==Performance==
While working, a stripper is not necessarily required to remove all of their clothing. Regardless of size, name, or location in the world, strip clubs can be full nude, topless or bikini.<ref name="Frank 2002a">((citation | last = Frank | first = Katherine | contribution = Laurelton and its strip clubs: the historical, physical, and social terrain | editor-last = Frank | editor-first = Katherine | title = G-strings and sympathy: strip club regulars and male desire | pages = 57–78 | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780822329725 | postscript = .))</ref><ref name="StPete Bikini 2010">((cite news |last1= Stanley |first1= Kameel |title= Police raid downtown St. Petersburg bikini bar |url= http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/article1100220.ece |work= [[St. Petersburg Times]] |date= 5 June 2010 |access-date= 8 June 2010 |archive-date= 9 June 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100609043122/http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/article1100220.ece  ))</ref> For any type of strip club there are exceptions based on the individual dancer and management, and clubs are classified based on typical performances, zoning, and advertised services.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

===Style of dress===
In some localities, strippers are required to obtain permits to work in adult entertainment.<ref name="ALC 24K 2009">((cite news | last = Matteucci | first = Megan | title = Police: Strip club offered drugs, sex | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120806062930/http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/police-strip-club-offered-170255.html | archive-date = 6 August 2012 | url = http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/police-strip-club-offered-170255.html | work = [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] | date = 22 October 2009 | access-date = 13 August 2010))</ref> During a bikini performance, both the breasts and the genitals typically remain covered by revealing clothes, while dancers provide services and entertainment. A female stripper whose [[torso|upper body]] is exposed, but whose genitals remain covered during a performance, is said to be [[topless]]. Strippers who uncover the genital areas while removing the rest of their clothing during a performance are said to be dancing fully nude. The fully nude practice is banned in many jurisdictions,<ref name="StPete Bikini 2010"/> but many dancers work around these [[regulation|constraint]]s by selective uncovering of the [[vulva]], [[anus]], or both, for short periods of time, followed by immediate replacement of the clothing.<ref>((cite book | last = Stencell | first = A.W. | title = Girl show: into the canvas world of bump and grind | publisher = ECW Press | location = Toronto, Canada | year = 1999 | isbn = 9781554903719 )) [https://books.google.com/books?id=dXIZbIKMUesC Details.]</ref><ref>((cite web |last= Erskine |first= Michael |title= Exotic dance club is still open despite lawsuits | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131227070317/http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2007/dec/16/dolls-is-still-open-despite-lawsuits/ | archive-date = 27 December 2013 |url= http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2007/dec/16/dolls-is-still-open-despite-lawsuits/ | website = commercialappeal.com |publisher= The Commercial Appeal | date = 16 December 2007 |access-date= 13 August 2010 ))</ref>

====Bikini (Go-go)====
((Main|Go-go dancing))
Go-go dancers retain their tops and bottoms for the duration of their performance. What differentiates a [[bikini]] dancer from other types of performers is the degree to which her body is exposed.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

The stripper, in the case of a bikini performance, may begin with layers of clothing worn over the bikini which then would be removed during the course of the dance set. When a bikini performance is being performed, many dancers will forgo a [[garter (stockings)|garter]] because they can accept tips at various points in their outfit (typically at the waist or hip or over their ribcage). A bikini performance is far more likely to be performed by a female than a male given social norms throughout the world. It has been debated whether or not bikini clubs and performances should count as [[striptease]], but there is little contention over its classification as exotic dance. The phrase ''Go-Go'' was adopted by bars in the 1960s in Tokyo, Japan. It was of lesser reputation until it was appropriated by [[American burlesque]] and striptease establishments, which in turn became known as ''[[go go bar|go-go bars]]'' and the women working there known as ''Go-Go dancers''.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

In many clubs, while a stripper is walking the floor she will be required to wear her full [[bikini top]] and bottom. When a stripper performs personal services (such as lap or [[bed dances]]) where she comes into contact with a customer, she would also be required to remain in her bikini in more restrictive club environments. Private dances in particular are scrutinized to ensure that no club policies or [[local ordinance]]s are being [[infraction|violated]] during the performance. The additional clothing also acts as a deterrent to prevent a customer from exceeding the [[personal boundaries|boundaries]] set by a particular dancer. On 19 June 1964, [[Carol Doda]] began go-go dancing [[topless]] at the [[Condor Club]] on Broadway and Columbus in the [[North Beach, San Francisco|North Beach]] neighborhood of San Francisco.<ref name="CondorClub">((cite news | title = Nudity, noise pay off in Bay Area night clubs | url = http://latimes.com/ | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = 14 February 1965 | page = G5 ))</ref> She became the world's most famous go-go dancer, and a prototype for the modern stripper, while dancing at the Condor for 22 years.<ref name="DiNardo Gilded 2007">((cite book | last = DiNardo | first = Kelly | title = Gilded Lili: Lili St. Cyr and the striptease mystique | publisher = Back Stage Books | location = New York | year = 2007 | isbn = 9780823088898 | url = https://archive.org/details/gildedlilililist00dina_0 )) [https://archive.org/details/gildedlilililist00dina_0 Details.]</ref>

====Topless====
((Main|Toplessness#Entertainment and media|l1=Toplessness))
[[File:Strippers strip club Mexico City.jpg|left|thumb|Strippers at a strip club in [[Zona Rosa, Mexico City]]]]
Women are at times employed in adult-only venues to perform or pose topless in forms of commercial erotic entertainment. Such venues can range from downmarket strip clubs to upmarket [[cabarets]], such as the [[Moulin Rouge]]. Topless entertainment may also include competitions such as [[wet T-shirt contest]]s in which women display their breasts through translucent wet fabric—and may end up removing their T-shirts before the audience. Strippers can engage in these alternate topless activities at sanctioned times inside the club or as independent contractors at outside venues. Not all strippers are comfortable dancing [[toplessness|topless]]. In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that the more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to profit.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Even the dancers that will go topless have been known to stay covered during a dance during slow periods in the club with few customers. This is particularly true if the customers do not appear to be engaged or actively tipping because they are not being [[remuneration|compensated]] for their time on stage. The practice of topless dancing is banned in many jurisdictions, but strippers have been known to work around the constraints by selectively uncovering her breasts "peek-a-boo" style for short periods of time then replacing the clothing. For a [[male stripper|male dancer]], a [[Toplessness|bare chest]] is not considered in the same light and does not face the same [[legal]] [[regulation|restriction]]s. During a show where customer tipping is permitted, most strip clubs limit contact with a dancer's breasts to one way—from dancer to customer. Many clubs do not allow any breast contact, and some go so far as to place markers on stage that a dancer is not permitted to cross while nude. This physical separation enforces [[regulatory compliance|compliance]] with the no-touch policy.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Full nudity====
[[File:Condor Club.jpg|thumb|267px|Historical marker at the original [[Condor Club]] site. Full text:
"The Condor; Where it all began; The birthplace of the world's first topless & bottomless entertainment; Topless – June 19, 1964 Bottomless – September 3, 1969 Starring Ms. Carol Doda; San Francisco, California"]]
Strippers are banned from dancing [[fully nude]] in many jurisdictions, but many dancers will work around the regulations by selectively uncovering their [[vulva]], [[Human anus|anus]], or both for short periods of time then replacing the clothing. For a male dancer, exposing the [[Human penis|penis]] or anus is equivalent.

Not all strippers are comfortable dancing fully nude. If viewed as a continuum, fewer dancers will dance topless than go-go and fewer still would dance fully nude. It has been reported when in direct competition with more conservative offerings, fully nude formats are seen by customers as a superior enough substitute for them to switch clubs.<ref>((cite news|last=Bell |first=Tom |title=Sex & the country |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321050321/http://www.pressherald.com/news/sex_2010-03-13.html |archive-date=21 March 2013 |url=http://www.pressherald.com/news/sex_2010-03-13.html |work=[[Portland Press Herald]] |date=14 March 2010 |access-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead ))</ref> In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that the more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to [[profit (economics)|profit]]. Still, strippers have been known to dance only at topless clubs because of their desire not to strip completely nude.<ref name="Conrad 2004">((cite book | last = Conrad | first = Jessica K. | title = Dance naked: a guide to unleashing your inner hottie | publisher = Harmony Books | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9781400052738 ))</ref> Some clubs permit both nude stage dancing and fully nude lap dances. Where nude private dances are allowed with contact, some dancers choose to place some type of barrier (cloth or occasionally plastic) over the customer's lap as a precautionary measure.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

===Customer interaction===
Strippers are focused on making money from customers. Strippers are employed as independent contractors and expected to generate income themselves making the profession similar to a sales job. How dancers go about maximizing revenue varies. For customers they do not already know, dancers use factors such as clothing, shoes, age, and race to determine whom they wish to interact with. Dancers are the primary enablers to encourage potential patrons to spend time in strip clubs. The dancers continually interact with the customers in the club by walking around and attempting to solicit drinks and lap dances, usually scanning the floor of a club to find the most lucrative customer to target.<ref name="Wosick-Correa 2008">((Cite journal | last1 = Wosick-Correa | first1 = Kassia R. | last2 = Joseph | first2 = Lauren J. | title = Sexy ladies sexing ladies: women as consumers in strip clubs | journal = [[Journal of Sex Research]] | volume = 45 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–216 | doi = 10.1080/00224490801987432 | pmid = 18686149 | date = 2008 | s2cid = 6882260 ))</ref>

While clubs can generate revenue through means such as cover charges and drink fees, dancers make most of their profit from giving lap dances or VIP dances where regulations allow. Otherwise, customer tips to dancers from a stage set are their primary form of payment per shift. The dancer qualifies a customer by sizing up their appearance and personal characteristics. Once the dancer identifies her mark, she approaches and attempts to create social relationship with her customer using tactical interactions and manipulations. Alternatively, customers can make the first move and engage the dancer directly. Strippers appeal to [[masculine]] desires, but they can adapt to fit the needs of female patrons to view them as customers. Adapting the experience to the [[customer]] is an integral part of exotic dancing.<ref name="Wosick-Correa 2008"/>

===Mainstreaming===
In the 21st century, as adult themes and work are becoming more commonplace, more of the population is attracted to this type of work.<ref name=AVNPornJust>((cite news | title = Porn is just one 'sex work' way to cover college tuition | url = http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Porn-is-Just-One-Sex-Work-Way-to-Cover-College-Tuition-550396.html | work = [[AVN (magazine)|Adult Video News]] | access-date = 3 March 2014))</ref> For example, a [[University of Leeds]] study, published by the [[British Journal of Sociology|British Journal of Sociology of Education]], revealed that as many as one third of "strip club dancers are students, with many using the cash earned to support themselves throughout their studies" and likely to come from [[middle class]] backgrounds.<ref name="THE2014">((cite news | last = Grove | first = Jack | title = Acceptable face of 'party night' striptease | url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/acceptable-face-of-party-night-striptease/2011637.article | work = [[Times Higher Education]] | access-date= 3 March 2014))</ref> The study also stated that "students were now a 'core supply group into the sex industries', with clubs even targeting [[freshers' week]] events with recruitment leaflets."<ref name="THE2014"/> This is supported by a 2014 story in the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' regarding San Francisco strip clubs taking out recruitment ads in the university newspaper for the [[University of California at Berkeley]], ''[[The Daily Californian]]''.<ref name=NYDNRecruit>((cite news | last = Taylor | first = Victoria | title = San Francisco strip clubs place recruitment ad in college newspaper | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/strip-clubs-place-recruitment-ad-college-newspaper-article-1.1698709 | work = [[New York Daily News]] | date = 22 February 2014 | access-date = 3 March 2014))</ref> One distinction made is that many view working as a strip club dancer as a short-term means to address financial needs, while others view it as a profession and go on to other types of [[sex work]] such as performing in [[adult film]]s.<ref name="THE2014"/>

===Gender roles===
[[File:Male stripper San Francisco January 2009.jpg|thumb|Male stripper performing in San Francisco in 2009]]

====Male strippers====
Until the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences. Male and female strippers also perform for [[LGBT|gay and lesbian]] audiences respectively, as well as for both sexes in [[pansexual]] contexts.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

The modern male stripper show usually involves [[full nudity]], although sometimes they may retain underwear, especially g-strings, bikini briefs or thongs throughout the show, or only remove all clothing for a brief time. Performances are usually fully choreographed, involve dance routines and a costume of some sort.<ref name="What Does A Male Stripper Do?"/><ref name="The Naked Truth about Male Stripping"/> Prominent male strip groups include the [[Dreamboys]] in the UK & [[Chippendales]] in the US.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

A male stripper will likely perform at club, bar, workplace or private home with private advanced bookings or ladies nights being prevalent over strip clubs which is the norm for female strippers.<ref name="Hiring A Male Stripper—Advice From The Experts">((cite news | title= Hiring a male stripper: advice from the experts | url = http://www.bachelorette.com/hirmalstripa.html | website = Batchelorette.com | access-date= 11 March 2015))</ref> This is different from the [[Chippendales]] scene that emerged to prominence in the 1980s with today's norm being one sole performer, or a series of individual performers rather than a group of strippers.<ref name="Male Strippers!">((cite news|url=https://strip-magazine.com/articles/male-strippers/|title=Male strippers; the myths and the facts |work=Strip Magazine | date = 23 December 2005 |access-date=11 March 2015))</ref>

The social psychologist Richard Tewksbury argues that male strippers 'masculinise' the role; thus are not disempowered in the way that, he asserts, female strippers are.<ref>((citation | last = Tewksbury | first = Richard | contribution = Male strippers: men objectifying men | editor-last = Williams| editor-first = Christine L. | title = Doing "women's work": men in nontraditional occupations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4A5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA174 | page = 174 | publisher = Sage Publications | location = London | year = 1993 | isbn = 9780803953055 | postscript = .))</ref>

====Sexuality and gender bias====
[[Ethnographic]] research has observed that strippers, regardless of [[sexual orientation]], have a tendency to treat female customers differently than males. Because of the non-physical motivations ascribed to female intimacy, dancers select women to approach who are smiling and sitting comfortably with open body language such as uncrossed arms, actively participating with the crowd, laughing and engaging with fellow customers, and applauding for dancers at the main stage also increase the likelihood they will be approached. Dancers tend to avoid women with unfriendly facial expressions or visibly hostile body language, again regardless of sexual orientation. In order to become approached, men must indicate financial potential through their appearance. Women must demonstrate their good attitude and willingness to participate in club activities. At that point, a woman's perceived profitability is also a factor in a dancer's decision to approach a female patron. The presence of male companionship has been cited in research as an indicator used by dancers to gauge the profitability of a female once she is perceived to be a customer.<ref name="Wosick-Correa 2008"/>

===In popular culture===
((essay-like|section|date=April 2015))
((Excessive examples|section|date=October 2023))
The image of strippers as known today evolved through the late [[striptease#1960s–1970s|1960s and 1970s]] in the U.S. and international cultures which embraced Americanized striptease. By the 1980s pole dancing had become popular in America, and the highly sexual imagery associated with the period's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====1980s–1990s====
In addition to lesser-known videos, the 1980s also featured mainstream films involving strippers and their work as part of the central narrative. These included ''[[Flashdance]]'' (1983), which told the story of blue-collar worker Alexandra "Alex" Owens ([[Jennifer Beals]]), who works as an exotic dancer in a [[Pittsburgh]] bar at night and at a steel mill as a welder during the day. ''[[Blaze (1989 film)|Blaze]]'' (1989) features [[Lolita Davidovitch]] as notorious stripper [[Blaze Starr]]. Starr herself appears in the film in a cameo role. ''[[Exotica (film)|Exotica]]'' (1994), directed by [[Atom Egoyan]], is set in a Canadian lap-dance club, and portrays a man's ([[Bruce Greenwood]]) obsession with a schoolgirl stripper named Christina ([[Mia Kirshner]]). ''[[Showgirls]]'' (1995) was directed by [[Paul Verhoeven]] and starred [[Elizabeth Berkley]] and [[Gina Gershon]]. ''[[Striptease (film)|Striptease]]'' (1996), was an adaptation of the novel starring [[Demi Moore]]. ''[[The Players Club]]'' (1998) starred [[LisaRaye McCoy]] as a girl who becomes a stripper to earn enough money to enter college and study journalism.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

In ''[[Jekyll & Hyde (musical)|Jekyll and Hyde]]'' (1997), the character of Lucy Harris (originally portrayed by [[Linda Eder]]) works as a prostitute and stripper in a small London club called The Red Rat, where she meets a multi-dimension man named Doctor Henry Jekyll, who turns into his evil persona Mr. Edward Hyde. Lucy performs the song "Bring on the Men" during a show at The Red Rat (which was later replaced with "Good 'n' Evil" in the Broadway production, some claiming "Bring on the Men" was too "risqué"). In ''[[Neighbours]]'' (1985), the character of [[Daphne Clarke|Daphne]] is originally a stripper at Des's bucks party, and eventually goes on to marry him. ''[[Married... with Children]]'' (1987–97) often featured [[Al Bundy]], [[Jefferson D'Arcy]], and the NO MA'AM crew spending a night at the Nudie Bar. In ''[[The Sopranos]]'' (1999–2007) business was often conducted at the [[Bada Bing]] strip club.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====2000s–present====
''[[Dancing at the Blue Iguana]]'' (2000) is a feature film starring [[Sandra Oh]] and [[Daryl Hannah]]. The female cast of the film researched the film by dancing at strip clubs and created their parts and their storylines to be as realistic as possible. ''[[Strip Search (TV series)|Stripsearch]]'' (2001–), an ongoing Australian [[reality television]] show which centers around the training of male strippers. ''[[The Hot Chick]]'' (2002) stars [[Rachel McAdams]], in her film debut, as a high school cheerleader who, after switching bodies with a small time criminal ([[Rob Schneider]]), starts working at a strip club called Pole Cat. ''[[Raymond Revuebar|The Raymond Revuebar: The Art of Striptease]]'' (2002) is a documentary, directed by Simon Weitzman. ''[[Los Debutantes]]'' (2003) is a [[Chile]]an film set in a strip club in [[Santiago]]. In ''[[Closer (2004 film)|Closer]]'' (2004), [[Natalie Portman]] plays Alice Ayres aka Jane Jones, a young American stripper who arrives in London, England. Portman won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture]] for her performance. [[Rob Zombie]]'s 2007 ''[[Halloween (2007 film)|Halloween]]'' remake features [[Michael Myers (Halloween)|Michael Myers]]' mother Deborah (played by Zombie's wife [[Sheri Moon Zombie]]), dancing to "[[Love Hurts]]" by [[Nazareth (band)|Nazareth]].((citation needed|date=March 2023))

''[[I Know Who Killed Me]]'' (2007) stars [[Lindsay Lohan]] as Dakota Moss, an alluring stripper involved in the machinations of a serial killer, and features a long striptease sequence at a strip club.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/27/AR2007072702430.html |title=Lindsay Lohan Gets An 'A' for a B-Flick |first=Stephen |last=Hunter |author-link=Stephen Hunter |date=28 July 2007 |access-date=21 October 2018 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] ))</ref> In ''[[Planet Terror]]'' (2007), [[Rose McGowan]] plays go-go dancer Cherry Darling who, after having her leg eaten by a zombie, uses an assault rifle as a prosthetic leg.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/04/05/grindhouse-interview-rose-mcgowan |title=Grindhouse Interview: Rose McGowan |date=5 April 2007 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis, LLC]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3469542/planet-terror-100x-badass-2017-2007/ |title='Planet Terror' is 100x More Badass in 2017 Than It Was in 2007 |first=John |last=Squires |date=14 November 2017 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Bloody Disgusting]]))</ref> In the two-part season 6 finale of ''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', [[Alex Nunez]] resorts to stripping after she and her mother do not have enough money to pay the rent on their apartment. [[Darren Aronofsky]]'s 2008 drama film ''[[The Wrestler (2008 film)|The Wrestler]]'' features [[Marisa Tomei]] playing a stripper and single mother who is romantically pursued by professional wrestler Randy "The Ram" Robinson ([[Mickey Rourke]]). Tomei received a nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance. ''[[Zombie Strippers]]'' (2008) chronicles a zombie virus that makes its way to a strip club. ''Barely Phyllis'' is a play on [[Phyllis Dixey]] which was first staged at the Pomegranate Theatre, [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]] in 2009. ''[[The Hangover]]'' (2009) features [[Heather Graham]] as a [[Las Vegas]] stripper and [[call girl|escort]] who marries Stu ([[Ed Helms]]) despite his plan to propose to his controlling girlfriend ([[Rachael Harris]]).<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/heather-graham-confesses-that-she-lived-as-a-stripper/news-story/ebec527c0f6e17ab95b1c4f6eb285b64 |title=Heather Graham confesses that she lived as a stripper |date=10 June 2009 |access-date=21 October 2018 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=News Pty Ltd))</ref> She reprised her role in the sequel ''[[The Hangover III]]''.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/heather-graham-resumes-her-stripper-role-in-hangover-3heres-todays-buzz-2012-8 |title=Heather Graham Resumes Her Stripper Role In 'Hangover 3'—Here's Today's Buzz |first=Aly |last=Weisman |date=10 August 2012 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Business Insider]] |publisher=[[Insider Inc.]]))</ref>

The seventh episode of season 6 of the [[CBS]] crime drama ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' focuses on the BAU team tracking down a trio of young men, one of whom is revealed to be the son of the sheriff leading the investigation, who kidnap, rape, and murder several exotic dancers in [[Indiana]]. The 2012 film ''[[Magic Mike]]'' and 2015 sequel ''[[Magic Mike XXL]]'' are fictionalized stories of the lives of several male performers.((citation needed|date=March 2023)) In ''[[We're the Millers]]'' (2013), [[Jennifer Aniston]] plays a stripper who is hired by her drug dealer neighbor to pose as his wife in order to smuggle marijuana from Mexico into America.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jennifer-aniston-bares-all-in-were-the-millers-8752647.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jennifer-aniston-bares-all-in-were-the-millers-8752647.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Jennifer Aniston bares all in We're The Millers |first=Tom |last=Teodorczuk |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=21 October 2018 |newspaper=[[Independent (newspaper)|Independent]]))</ref> ''Lap Dance'' (2014), which stars [[Briana Evigan]] and [[Carmen Electra]], focuses on an aspiring actress who makes a pact with her husband to take a job as an exotic dancer so she can make money to care for her cancer-stricken father. It is based on the true story of the film's director Greg Carter. ''[[Dixieland (film)|Dixieland]]'' (2015) involves [[Riley Keough]] as a stripper making money to support her sick mother and is also being abused by her manager.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/04/tribeca-review-dixieland-starring-riley-keough-faith-hill-chris-zylka-264561/ |title=Tribeca Review: 'Dixieland' Starring Riley Keough, Faith Hill & Chris Zylka |first=Rodrigo |last=Perez |date=29 April 2015 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Indie Wire]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media, LLC.]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/04/tribeca-review-dixieland-with-riley-keough-and-faith-hill-shows-gritty-innards-of-americas-heartland-62625/ |title=Tribeca Review: 'Dixieland,' With Riley Keough and Faith Hill, Shows Gritty Innards of America's Heartland |first=Emily |last=Buder |date=27 April 2015 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Indie Wire]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media, LLC.]]))</ref> In the TV series ''[[La que se avecina]]'', Lola Reynolds (played by [[Macarena Gómez]]), changes her job and works as a stripper after know she will earn more money.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.telecinco.es/laqueseavecina/Lola-bailarina-striptease_2_2460180054.html |title=Lola trabaja como bailarina de striptease… y Javi y Fermín se lían a puñetazos con los clientes |date=31 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Telecinco]] |language=es))</ref>

====Music and spoken word====
Strippers have been the inspiration for a number of musical artists, with several of the songs resulting in hit singles. An instrumental, "[[The Stripper]]", was a [[No. 1 hit]] on the U.S. pop singles charts for [[David Rose (musician)|David Rose and His Orchestra]] in 1962. That song pre-dated the opening of what is considered to be the first modern strip club, [[Condor Club]] on [[Broadway Street (San Francisco)|Broadway]] in the U.S. city of San Francisco, [[California]]. "[[Private Dancer (Tina Turner song)|Private Dancer]]" by [[Tina Turner]] was an international hit and her second highest-charting single reaching No. 7 on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart. "[[Girls, Girls, Girls (Mötley Crüe song)|Girls, Girls, Girls]]" by [[Mötley Crüe]] was also a Top 20 hit on the U.S. charts.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

[[T-Pain]] had a No. 5 hit on the Billboard chats with "[[I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)]]" in 2006. Hip hop artist [[Flo Rida]] had two No. 1 hits in the U.S. in the 2000s with "[[Right Round]]" and "[[Low (Flo Rida song)|Low]]". For both hip-hop artists, the depictions of strippers and expressions of lust are far more explicit than in songs released in earlier music eras. This is not limited to hip-hop, with contemporary songs in other styles of music sharing similar traits. "Worked Up So Sexual" by [[The Faint]] is graphic in its depiction of dancer rivalry (''older dancers gag at what new talent seems to mean, smaller tits and younger limbs'') and customers longing to bed them. Public acceptance of the music has not faltered, and many dancers perform to these and other songs depicting women in subjectively negative ways while on stage.((Citation needed|date=January 2011))

[[Achille Lauro (rapper)|Achille Lauro]] represented [[San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022|San Marino]] in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2022]] with the song "[[Stripper (song)|Stripper]]".((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====Video games====
''[[Duke Nukem 3D]]'', released in 1996, became the original pioneer video game for the inclusion of strippers.<ref>((cite web |url=http://fabiensanglard.net/duke3d/id%20as%20Super-Ego-%20The%20Creation%20of%20Duke%20Nukem%203D.pdf |title=id as Super-Ego: The Creation of Duke Nukem 3D |first=Rene |last=Patnode |date=22 March 2001 |access-date=21 October 2018 |pages=48 |work=Fabien Sanglard's Website))</ref> The ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series has strippers and strip clubs in many of its games, starting with ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' (2002).<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/11/07/playpen_strip_club_versus_gta_pig_pen/ |title=First Amendment rescues Grand Theft Auto's 'totally nude' strip club |first=Austin |last=Modine |date=7 November 2008 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[The Register]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/grand-theft-auto-4s-open-world-is-still-fantastic-/1100-6458753/ |title=Grand Theft Auto 4's Open World Is Still Fantastic 10 Years Later |first=Alessandro |last=Fillari |date=19 May 2018 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[GameSpot]]))</ref><ref>((cite magazine |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/5-cool-things-you-missed-in-gta-iv/2/ |title=5 Cool Things You Missed in GTA IV |first=Charlie |last=Barratt |date=16 August 2008 |access-date=21 October 2018 |magazine=[[Games Radar]] |page=2 |publisher=[[Future Publishing Limited]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.vg247.com/2015/09/15/gta-online-frame-rate-patch-fix/ |title=GTA Online fix tackles frame rate, bugs and freezing strippers |first=Matt |last=Martin |date=15 September 2015 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[vg247]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=https://metro.co.uk/2013/10/28/gta-online-gamer-heard-flirting-with-stripper-in-cringeworthy-video-4164297/ |title=GTA Online gamer heard flirting with stripper in cringeworthy video |first=Christopher |last=Hooton |date=28 October 2013 |publisher=[[Associated Newspapers Limited]] |newspaper=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com:80/in-grand-theft-auto-v-if-you-flirt-with-the-strippers-using-the-microphone-other-players-can-hear-you-2013-10 |title=In Grand Theft Auto V, If You Flirt With The Strippers Using The Microphone Other Players Can Hear You |first=Jim |last=Edwards |date=29 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2018 |work=[[Business Insider]]))</ref>

==Legal issues==
((Main|Legal status of striptease))
From ancient times to the present day, striptease has been considered a form of [[public nudity]] and subject to legal and cultural prohibitions on [[morality|moral]] and [[indecent exposure|decency]] grounds.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

===Laws and court cases===
Many U.S. jurisdictions have specific laws on the books related to striptease, with more being added increasing both complexity of enforcement and impact. For example, the classification of dancers as independent contractors has been challenged in court, successfully in Massachusetts in 2009.<ref>((cite web | title = Commonwealth of Massachusetts Superior Court Civil Action No. 07-505 ''Lucienne Chaves & another'' vs. ''King Arthur's Lounge Inc.'' | url = http://www.llrlaw.com/pdfs/king_arthur_decision.pdf | website = llrlaw.com | publisher = Litchen & Liss-Riordan, P.C. | date = 7 August 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323163835/http://www.llrlaw.com/pdfs/king_arthur_decision.pdf | archive-date = 23 March 2012 ))</ref> One of the more notorious local ordinances is San Diego Municipal Code 33.3610,<ref>((cite web | title = San Diego Municipal Code—Chapter 3: Business Regulations, Business Taxes, Permits and Licenses | url = http://docs.sandiego.gov/municode/MuniCodeChapter03/Ch03Art03Division36.pdf | publisher = The City of San Diego | date = November 2000 ))</ref> specific and strict in response to allegations of corruption among local officials<ref>((cite news | last = LaVelle | first = Philip J. | title = More bad news? What else is new? (San Diego Corruption Trial) | url = http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/metro/probe/20050719-9999-1n19council.html | work = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] | date = 19 July 2005 ))</ref> which included contacts in the nude entertainment industry. Among its provisions is the "six foot rule", copied by other municipalities in requiring that dancers maintain a six-foot distance while performing.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Touching of performers is illegal in many U.S. states. However, some dancers and some clubs condone touching of dancers during private dances. This touching often includes the fondling of breasts, buttocks, and in rare cases the vaginal region. In some locales, dancers may give a customer a "lap dance", whereby the dancer grinds against the customer's crotch while they are fully clothed in an attempt to arouse them or bring them to climax. Other rules forbid "full nudity". In some parts of the US, there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, which have thus to be covered by pasties by the dancer (though not applied to the exposure of male nipples). In early 2010, the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan banned fully exposed breasts in its strip clubs, following the example of Houston, Texas who began enforcing a similar ordinance in 2008.<ref name="VicTimes 2008">((cite web | title = Houston topless clubs lose case, may respond to Supreme Court with pasties | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192107/http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/story.html?k=71554&id=38135a7b-209a-41ef-a325-80435be65732 | archive-date = 3 March 2016 | url = http://www.canada.com/victoriatimescolonist/story.html?k=71554&id=38135a7b-209a-41ef-a325-80435be65732 | website = canada.com/victoriatimescolonist | publisher = Victoria Times | access-date = 20 October 2004 | date = 29 March 2008 ))</ref> The Detroit city council has since softened the rules eliminating the requirement for pasties<ref name="ClickOnDet 2010">((cite web |title=Detroit passes new strip club rules | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110609032414/http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/22628122/detail.html | archive-date = 9 June 2011 | url = http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/22628122/detail.html |access-date= 20 October 2004 | website = clickondetroit.com | publisher =ClickOn Detroit |date= 21 February 2010 ))</ref> but kept other restrictions. Both municipalities were reputed to have rampant occurrences of illicit activity including prostitution linked to its striptease establishments<ref name="SmokingGun 2008">((cite web | url = http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2008/0602081harris1.html | title = Another Houston strip club raided |access-date=20 October 2004 | website = thesmokinggun.com |publisher =The Smoking Gun |date=2 June 2008 ))</ref><ref name="KissDetroit 2009">((cite web | last = Blu | first = Fantasee | title = Detroit City Council to vote on strip club restrictions | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713153434/http://kissdetroit.com/uncategorized/fantaseeblu/detroitcitycounciltovoteonstripclubrestrictions/ | archive-date = 13 July 2011 | url = https://kissdetroit.hellobeautiful.com/10251/detroitcitycounciltovoteonstripclubrestrictions/ | website = kissdetroit.hellobeautiful.com | publisher = [[WDMK|Kiss FM]], Detroit |date=11 November 2009 | access-date = 6 February 2017))</ref> within their city limits.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

In Britain in the 1930s, when the [[Windmill Theatre]], London, began to present nude shows, British law prohibited performers moving whilst in a state of nudity.<ref>((citation | last = Senelick | first = Laurence | contribution = nudity | editor-last = Banham | editor-first = Martin | title = The Cambridge guide to theatre | pages = [https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/802 802–803] | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1995 | isbn = 9780521434379 | postscript = . | url = https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/802 ))</ref> To get around that rule, models appeared naked in stationary ''[[tableau vivant|tableaux vivants]]''. To keep within the law, sometimes devices were used which rotated the models without them moving themselves. [[Fan dance]]s were another device used to keep performances within the law. These allowed a naked dancer's body to be concealed by her fans or those of her attendants, until the end of an act, when she posed naked for a brief interval whilst standing stock still, and the lights went out or the curtain dropped to allow her to leave the stage.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

In 2010, Iceland outlawed [[strip club ban in Iceland|striptease]].<ref>((cite web | title = Legislation bans stripping in Iceland | url = http://icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16567&ew_0_a_id=359882 | website = icelandreview.com | publisher = Iceland Review Online | access-date = 30 September 2011 | date = 24 March 2010 | archive-date = 1 December 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131201174014/http://icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=16567&ew_0_a_id=359882 | url-status = dead ))</ref> [[Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir]], Iceland's prime minister, said: "The Nordic countries are leading the way on women's equality, recognizing women as equal citizens rather than commodities for sale."<ref name="salon 2010">((cite news | last = Clark-Flory | first = Tracy | title = Iceland's stripping ban | url = http://www.salon.com/life/broadsheet/2010/03/26/iceland_bans_stripping_strip_clubs | work = [[Salon (website)|Salon.com]] | date = 26 March 2010 | access-date = 11 March 2015 ))</ref> The politician behind the bill, [[Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir]], said: "It is not acceptable that women or people in general are a product to be sold."<ref name="salon 2010"/>

===Collective bargaining===
As the sex industry has grown and become a more established sector of national economies, sex workers—strippers included—have mobilized to negotiate or demand [[sex workers' rights|workplace rights]]. One means of collectivization pursued by strippers is the formation of labor unions, which involves formal membership. These strippers' unions have tended to focus on economic and workers' rights rather than civil rights, which constitutes a significant departure from the advocacy groups for prostitutes' rights that began in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Gall, G.">((Cite journal | last = Gall | first = Gregor | title = Sex worker collective organization: between advocacy group and labor union? | journal = [[Equality, Diversity and Inclusion]] | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 289–304 | doi = 10.1108/02610151011028877 | date = 2010 )) [http://www.ilera-directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_2/Poster/CS2T_1_GALL.pdf PDF] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113008/http://www.ilera-directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/papers/Track_2/Poster/CS2T_1_GALL.pdf |date=7 February 2017 ))</ref> The stigma attached to sex work also creates another obstacle to organization because many strippers and other types of sex workers are uncomfortable with declaring their profession publicly, even in a movement to improve their work environment and benefits.<ref name="Ross, B. L.">((Cite journal | last = Gall | first = Becki | title = 'Troublemakers' in tassels and c-strings: striptease dancers and the union question in Vancouver, 1965–1980 | journal = Canadian Review of Sociology | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–344 | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-618X.2006.tb02228.x | date = August 2006 ))</ref>

One potential critique of the organization of strippers and sex workers of other types is that people in management positions in these industries, who are in a position to perpetuate the exploitation that sex workers face, can infiltrate these labor organizations and lobby for the maintenance of a status quo.<ref>((Citation | last= Marr | first=Stella |title=Pimps posing as 'sex worker activists' & conflicts of interest (blog) |publisher=Survivors Connect | via = [[WordPress]] |date=24 May 2012|url=http://survivorsconnect.wordpress.com/tag/international-union-of-sex-workers|access-date=16 May 2013)) ((registration required))</ref>

====Australia====
The Striptease Artists of Australia formed in 2002. The SAA successfully negotiated an [[industrial award]] with the [[Australian Industrial Relations Commission|AIRC]] in 2006. Despite this establishment of an industry-wide minimum standard for labor rights, changes to employment legislature under a Conservative government enabled employers to utilize loopholes such as employing strippers as sub-contractors.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

Another group, the [[Scarlet Alliance]], has been involved in advocacy and projects geared towards improving the standing of sex workers since its inception in 1989. While labor rights are an important part of this group's agenda, it is not a labor union.<ref name="Gall, G."/>

====Britain====
The [[International Union of Sex Workers]] is a branch of the [[GMB (trade union)|GMB]], a major [[general union]] in Great Britain.<ref name="Gall, G."/>

====Canada====
In the 1980s, the Vancouver Exotic Dancers Alliance formed and was active for about a decade.<ref name="Ross, B. L."/> The Canadian Guild for Erotic Labour was established in 2004.((citation needed|date=March 2023))

====United States====
The [[Lusty Lady]] of San Francisco is a notable example of collectivization of strippers in the U.S. When the strippers of the establishment successfully unionized in 1996 through the Erotic Dancers' Alliance, the owners of the club closed it. In response, the strippers formed a [[cooperative]] in 2003 to run the club themselves, renamed the Looking Glass Collective.<ref name="Gall, G."/> The Lusty Lady closed in 2013.<ref name="auto">((cite web |title=In a historic step, strippers at an LA bar unionize |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1134667170/strippers-union-los-angeles-dancers-star-garden |website=NPR |first=Emma |last=Bowman |date=18 May 2023 ))</ref>

((anchor|Star Garden))In 2023, strippers at the Star Garden Topless Dive Bar in [[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood, California]] voted to unionize and join the [[Actors' Equity Association]], which made them the only group of unionized strippers in the United States.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="strippers-union-actors">((cite news |title=Strippers have a new tactic in a North Hollywood labor fight. Organizing with an actors union |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-08-17/strippers-unionize-star-garden-north-hollywood-union-actors-equity-association |access-date=15 June 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=17 August 2022))</ref><ref name="latimes/union-labor-star-garden">((cite news |title=Dancers at this California topless bar to become only unionized strippers in U.S. |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-05-16/strippers-union-labor-strip-club-star-garden-topless-bar-north-hollywood-california |access-date=15 June 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=16 May 2023))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|Erotica and pornography|Human sexuality|Nudity|Sex work))
((columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Bikini barista]]
*[[Bubble dance]]
*[[Burlesque]]
**[[Neo-Burlesque]]
*[[Exhibitionism]]
*[[Feminist stripper]]
*[[Gown-and-glove striptease]]
*[[Hunk-O-Mania]]
* [[List of strip clubs]]
*[[List of strippers]]
*[[Pole dance]]
*[[Sex workers' rights]]
*[[Sex show]]
*[[Pornography]]
))

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book | editor-last1 = Egan | editor-first1 = Danielle | editor-last2 = Frank | editor-first2 = Katherine | editor-last3 = Johnson | editor-first3 = Merri | title = Flesh for fantasy: producing and consuming exotic dance | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oqaqh7h0NCsC | publisher = Thunder's Mouth Press. Distributed by Publishers Group West | location = New York | year = 2006 | isbn = 9781560257219  |oclc=62901866 ))
* ((Cite book | editor-last = Frank | editor-first = Katherine | title = G-strings and sympathy: strip club regulars and male desire | publisher = Duke University Press | location = Durham, North Carolina; London | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780822329725 | oclc = 260110589 )) [https://books.google.com/books?id=y-lw0_XzWM0C Details.]
* ((Cite journal |last=Trautner |first=Mary Nell |title= Doing gender, doing class: the performance of sexuality in exotic dance clubs | journal = [[Gender & Society]] | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 771–788 | doi = 10.1177/0891243205277253 | jstor = 27640850 | date = December 2005 |s2cid=17217211 ))

==External links==
*((commons category-inline|Strippers))

((nudity))
((sex))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Stripper))
[[Category:Erotic dancers]]
[[Category:Human sexuality]]
[[Category:Nudity]]
[[Category:Sex industry]]

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