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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1999.
1999 in science |
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Fields |
Technology |
Social sciences |
|
Paleontology |
Extraterrestrial environment |
Terrestrial environment |
Other/related |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Makotopteris[2] |
Gen et sp nov |
valid |
Stockey, Nishida, & Rothwell |
An athyriaceous fern |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eostangeria pseudopteris[3] |
Sp nov |
valid |
Kvaček & Manchester |
An eostangerioid zamiaceous cycad. |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
comb nov |
valid |
(Kryshtofovich) Manchester |
Amgu flora |
A mallow relative, |
||||
Sp nov |
Valid |
Borgardt & Pigg |
Middle Miocene |
"Yakima Canyon Flora" |
A white oak, permineralized acorns |
|||
Sargentodoxa globosa[4] |
Comb nov |
valid |
(Manchester) Manchester |
A lardizabalaceous species; |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comb nov |
Valid |
(Vierbergen & Scheven) |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
|||
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade & Baroni Urbani |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant. |
|||
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade & Baroni Urbani |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant. |
|||
Sp nov |
Valid |
De Andrade & Baroni Urbani |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant. |
|||
Comb nov |
valid |
(Vierbergen & Scheven, 1995) |
Burdigalian |
Dominican amber |
A myrmicinae ant, |
|||
Camponotus crozei[8] |
Sp nov |
Valid |
Riou |
Turolian |
Montagne d'Andance |
A formicine ant. |
||
Sp nov |
valid |
Aguiar & Janzen |
A stephanid wasp |
|||||
Electrostephanus sulcatus[9] |
Sp nov |
jr synonym |
Aguiar & Janzen |
A stephanid wasp, |
||||
sp. nov |
valid |
Sinitchenkova |
A neoephemerid mayfly |
|||||
sp. nov |
valid |
Rust & Andersen |
A Myrmeciinae ant |
|||||
Penthetria intermedia[13] |
Comb nov |
valid |
(Scudder) |
A bibionid fly |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sp nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
third species in the genus |
||||
subfam nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
one of two Subfamilies in Praenuculidae |
|||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
Monotypic with the species C. symmetricus |
||||
Gen et sp nov |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
genus name preoccupied by Emiliania Hay & Mohler, 1967, renamed to Emiliodonta |
|||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
third genus in the subfamily Concavodontinae |
||||
subfam nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
one of two Subfamilies in Praenuculidae |
|||||
Sp nov |
Valid |
Cope |
Gilfach Farm No. 1 Borehole |
oldest species in the genus Similodonta |
||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
Monotypic with the species T. acuta |
||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sánchez |
Don Braulio Formation |
Monotypic with the species V. canteraensis |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
C. Sorbini & L. Sorbini |
Campanian |
Nardo |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sullivan & Lucas |
Chinle Formation, New Mexico |
Sister genus to the Dinosaurs; first identified as a relative of coelophysid. |
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[21]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A large dromaeosaurid. |
||||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
An armored sauropod |
||||||
gen nov |
A dromaeosaurid, now Kuru kulla, which was later described in 2021. |
|||||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah |
Nodosaur whose name means "living citadel." |
|||||
Hoax |
Stephen Czerkas vide:C. P. Sloan vide:Olson |
Chimera of Yanornis and Microraptor. |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Tiougguit Formation |
A primitive sauropod |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu, Tang, & Wang |
||||||
Burge, Bird, McClelland, & Cicconetti |
Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah |
informal name for Cedarpelta. |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Tidwell, Carpenter, & Brooks |
Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah |
A sauropod. |
||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Zhao, Cheng, & Xu |
An extremely primitive ceratopsian |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|
A diplodocid. |
|||||
gen nov |
Knoll |
A ?hypsilophodont that hasn't yet been formally named. |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kellner & Azevedo |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Bonaparte, Ferigolo, & Ribeiro |
A sauropodomorph. |
|||||
Jobaria[35] |
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sereno, et al |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A primitive sauropodomorph |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Sanz et al |
Vitoria Formation |
A titanosaur. |
||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
A hadrosaur |
||||||
"Newtonsaurus"[39] |
gen et sp nov |
Welles vide: Welles & Pickering |
Rhaetic beds |
Informal name |
||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid taxon |
|
An ankylosaurid |
|||||
gen nov |
Knoll |
informal name for Hexinlusaurus |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Rich & Vickers-Rich |
A possible hypsilophodontid |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kellner |
A theropod |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Langer, Abdala, Richter, & Benton |
A basal sauropodomorph |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu, Wang, & Wu |
||||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Allain et at |
Grès Supérior Formation |
|||||
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Rich et al |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amplibuteo concordatus [47] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Steven D. Emslie Nicholas J. Czaplewski |
Late Pliocene |
USA: |
An Accipitridae. |
||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Eocene |
UK: |
An Anseranatidae, Anatalavinae Olson, 1999. In 2002 Jíří Mlíkovský made this species the type species of his not widely accepted new genus Nettapterornis.[49] |
||||
Aquila bivia [47] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Steven D. Emslie Nicholas J. Czaplewski |
Late Pliocene |
USA: |
An Accipitridae. |
||
Argornis caucasicus [50] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Aleksandr A. Karkhu |
Late Eocene |
Northern Caucasus |
An Apodiformes, Jungornithidae Karkhu, 1988. |
||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hou Lianhai |
Middle Maastrichtian |
A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Ji Qiang Ji Shu’an |
A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga |
Tremembé Formation |
An Anhimidae. |
||||
Chauvireria bulgarica [54] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Boev |
A Phasianidae. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hou Lianhai Larry D. Martin Zhang Fucheng |
A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Roger Bour Sonia Ribes François Moutou |
A Rallidae. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
J. C. Rando M. Lopez B. Seguí |
Late Pleistocene-Holocene |
An Emberizidae. |
||||
Eocuculus cherpinae [58] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Robert M. Chandler |
Late Eocene |
Early Chadronian |
USA: |
A ?Cuculidae. |
|
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hou Lianhai Larry D. Martin Zhou Zongzhe |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Eoenantiornithiformes Hou, Martin, Zhou et Feduccia, 1999, Eoenantiornithidae Hou, Martin, Zhou et Feduccia, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Falco bakalovi [60] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
A Falconidae. |
|||
Gallinula balcanica [61] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
A Rallidae. |
|||
Graculavus augustus [62] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Sylvia Hope |
Late Maastrichtian, |
USA: |
A Graculavidae Fürbringer, 1888. |
||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Gurilyn Tsav |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Alexornithiformes Brodkorb, 1976, Enantiornithidae Nessov & Borkin, 1983. |
|||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Yan |
Ornithothoraces Chiappe et Calvo, 1994, this is the type species of the new genus. Vescornis hebeiensis Zhang, Ericson et Zhou, 2004. is a junior synonym.[65] |
|||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Hou Lianhai Chen Peiji |
A Liaoxiornithidae L. H. Hou et Chen, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus. Lingyuanornis parvus Ji & Ji, 1999. is a junior synonym.[67] |
|||||
Longmornis robustirostrata [68] |
Gen, nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Walter E. Boles |
?Early Miocene |
An Oriolidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Loxia patevi [69] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
A Fringillidae. |
|||
Masillapodargus longipes[70] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A stem Podargidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Ngawupodius minya [71] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Walter E. Boles Tessa J. Ivison |
Late Oligocene |
Namba Formation |
A stem Megapodiidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Nupharanassa bohemica [72] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid ? |
Jirí Mlíkovský |
Early Miocene |
MN 4b |
A Jacanidae. Mourer-Chauviré, 1999 transferred this species to the genus Geranopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 and later it was placed in the Geranopteridae Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000.[73] |
||
Paraprefica kelleri[70] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A stem Nyctibiidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Paraprefica major[70] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
A stem Nyctibiidae. |
||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Strorrs L. Olson |
Early Pliocene |
USA: |
A Pelecanidae. |
|||
Primotrogon wintersteini[75] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Oligocene |
A stem Trogonidae, the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Eocene |
Order and family Incerta Sedis, the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Zlatozar N. Boev |
Late Pliocene |
A Regulidae. |
||||
Scolopax carmesinae [78] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Bartomeu Seguí |
Late Pliocene |
MN 17-18 |
A Scolopacidae. |
||
Selmes absurdipes [79] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Dieter S. Peters |
Middle Eocene |
A Coliiformes, Selmeidae Zelenkov et Dyke, 2008, the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Tyto neddi [80] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
William B. Hilgartner |
Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene |
A Tytonidae. |
|||
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Cai Zhengquan Zhao Lijun |
Early Late Cretaceous |
An Enentiornithes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen nov |
Valid |
Ji S.-A., Ji Q., & Padian |
A new genus for "Dendrorhynchus" curvidentatus (Ji & Ji, 1998) |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Mader & Kellner |
possibly a jr synonym of Coloborhynchus? |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Unwin & Heinrich |
Monotypic with the species T. recki |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen nov |
Valid |
New genus for the species "Alzadasaurus" colombiensis Wells, 1962 |
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen nov |
Valid |
Gao and Cheng |
Early Cretaceous |
Eastern China |
Has a distinctly small amount of dentary teeth. |
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charniodiscus yorgensis | Disputed | Borchvardt et Nessov | Ediacaran | Zimnie Gory Formation and Ust-Pinega Formation | Russia |