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((refimprove|date=June 2023))
((short description|One who harasses other players in a game))
((Redirect|Griefing|the emotional response to loss|Grieving))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2020))
A '''griefer''' or '''[[bad-faith]] player''' is a [[Player (game)|player]] in a [[multiplayer video game]] who deliberately and intentionally irritates and [[Harassment|harasses]] and annoys other players within the game ([[trolling]]), by using aspects of the game in unintended ways in order to destroy something another player made or built, or stealing something, such as items or loot, when that is not the primary objective.<ref>((cite journal|last1=Warner|first1=Dorothy|last2=Raiter|first2=Mike|date=December 2005|title=Social Context in Massively-Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs): Ethical Questions in Shared Space|url=http://www.i-r-i-e.net/inhalt/004/Warner-Raiter.pdf|journal=International Review of Information Ethics|volume=4|doi=10.29173/irie172))</ref> A griefer derives pleasure primarily, or exclusively, from the act of [[Annoyance|annoying]] other users, and as such, is a particular nuisance in [[Online game|online gaming]] communities. If a bad-faith player is attempting to gain a strategic advantage, it could be considered [[Cheating#Video games|cheating]].

==History==
The term "griefing" was applied to online multiplayer video games by the year 2000 or earlier, as illustrated by postings to the rec.games.computer.ultima.online [[USENET]] group.<ref>((cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.computer.ultima.online/browse_thread/thread/3b2d9d518a897eb3/69071ae29e5b7921?lnk=st&q=ultima+griefer&rnum=155&hl=en#69071ae29e5b7921|title=Google Groups: August 14, 2000 rec.games.computer.ultima.online|access-date=16 June 2015))</ref> The player is said to cause "grief" in the sense of "giving someone grief".((fact|date=June 2023))

The term "griefing" dates to the late 1990s, when it was used to describe the willfully [[Anti-social behaviour|antisocial behaviors]] seen in early [[massively multiplayer online game]]s like ''[[Ultima Online]],'' and later, in the 2000s, first-person shooters such as ''[[Counter-Strike]]''. Even before it had a name, griefer-like behavior was familiar in the virtual worlds of text-based [[Multi-user dungeon|Multi-User Domains]] (MUDs), where joyriding invaders inflicted "virtual rape" and similar offenses on the local populace.<ref name="wired magazine">((cite magazine|last=Dibbell|first=Julian|title=Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/gaming/virtualworlds/magazine/16-02/mf_goons?currentPage=2|publisher=[[WIRED]] magazine|access-date=18 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110508211328/http://www.wired.com/gaming/virtualworlds/magazine/16-02/mf_goons?currentPage=1|archive-date=8 May 2011|date=18 January 2008|url-status=live))</ref> Julian Dibbell's 1993 article "[[A Rape in Cyberspace]]" analyzed the griefing events in a particular MUD, [[LambdaMOO]], and the staff's response.

In the culture of [[massively multiplayer online role-playing game]]s (MMORPGs) in [[Taiwan]], such as ''[[Lineage (video game)|Lineage]]'', griefers are known as "white-eyed"—a metaphor meaning that their eyes have no pupils and so they look without seeing. Behaviors other than griefing that can cause players to be stigmatized as "white-eyed" include cursing, cheating, stealing, or unreasonable killing.<ref>((citation|chapter="White-Eyed" and "Griefer" Player Culture: Deviance Construction in MMORPGs|author1=Holin Lin|author2=Chuen-Tsai Sun|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WykINIyYSb0C&pg=PA106|pages=106 et seq|title=Worlds in Play: International Perspectives on Digital Games Research|year=2007|publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=9780820486437))</ref>

==Methods==
((Needs more references|section|date=February 2022))
Methods of griefing differ from game to game. What might be considered griefing in one area of a game, may even be an intended function or [[Game mechanics|mechanic]] in another area. Common methods may include but are not limited to:

*Intentional [[friendly fire]], or deliberately performing actions detrimental to other [[Team kill|team members]]' game performance in primarily shooter games.
**Wasting or destroying key game elements
**Colluding with opponents
**Giving false information
**Giving information about your team's whereabouts to an enemy team
**Faking extreme incompetence with the intent of hurting teammates, or failing an in-game objective
**Deliberately blocking shots from a player's own team, or blocking a player's view by standing in front of them, so they cannot damage the enemy<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-01-04-meet-the-griefers-article|title=Meet the Griefers|date=4 January 2012|work=Eurogamer.net|access-date=16 June 2015))</ref>
**Trapping teammates in inescapable locations by using physics props, special abilities, or teleportation
**Intentionally killing oneself
*Actions undertaken to waste other players' time.
**Playing as slowly as possible
**[[Camping (video games)|Hiding from an enemy]] when there is no tactical benefit in doing so
**If a game interface element has no time limit, leaving their computer (going "[[Away from keyboard|AFK]]"), potentially forcing the other players to leave the game (which may incur a penalty for leaving), like ''[[Among Us]]''.
**Constantly pausing the game, or lowering its speed as much as possible, in the hopes that their target [[Rage quit|quits in frustration]]
**A powerful player entering an area intended for lower-level or less experienced players and using up or hogging otherwise available limited resources, as can be sometimes seen in MMORPGs or [[Grinding (video games)|grinding]]-based games
*Causing a player disproportionate loss or reversing their progress.
**Destroying or vandalizing other players' creations without permission in [[Open world|sandbox]] games like ''[[Minecraft]]'' and ''[[Terraria]]''
**Driving vehicles backward around lapped courses in multiplayer racing games, often done with the intent of crashing head-on into whoever is in first place
*Using [[Video game exploit|exploits]] (taking advantage of [[Software bug|bugs]] in a game).
**Illegally exiting a [[Level (video gaming)|map]]'s boundaries to prevent the enemy team from winning
**In a [[Cooperative video game|co-op]] or multiplayer game, destroying or otherwise denying access to items, which without, other players cannot finish the game
*Purposeful violation of server rules or guidelines.
**Impersonation of [[server administrator|administrator]]s or other players through similar screen names
**Written or verbal insults, including [[False accusation|false accusations]] of cheating or griefing
*[[Spamming]] a voice or text chat channel to inconvenience, harass, or annoy other players.
*Uploading offensive or [[Explicit material|explicit images]] to profile pictures, in-game sprays, or game skins.
*[[Kill stealing]], denying another player the satisfaction or gain of killing a target that should have been theirs.
*[[Camping (gaming)#Online role-playing games|Camping]] at a corpse or spawn area to repeatedly [[Spawn Kill|kill players as they respawn]] (when players have no method of recourse to prevent getting killed), preventing them from being able to play. Camping can also refer to continuously waiting in a tactically advantageous position for others to come to them; this is sometimes considered griefing because if all players do it, the game stalls, but this is now more commonly considered a game design issue.
*Acting [[Breaking character|out-of-character]] in a [[role-play]] setting to disrupt the serious gameplay of others.
*Luring many monsters or a single larger monster to chase the griefer, before moving to where other players are. The line of monsters in pursuit looks like a train, and hence this is sometimes called "training" or "[[wikt:aggro|aggroing]]".<ref>((cite web|url=http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/2491|title=The Griefer Future|access-date=16 June 2015))</ref>
*Blocking other players so they cannot move to or from a particular area, or access an in-game resource (such as a [[non-player character]]); the game ''[[Tom Clancy's The Division]]'' was found to have a serious problem with this at launch, where griefers could stand in the doorway out of the starting area, trapping players in the spawn room.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://kotaku.com/the-division-trolls-are-blocking-other-players-progress-1763511809|title=The Division Trolls Are Blocking Other Players' Progress By Standing In A Doorway|website=Kotaku|date=8 March 2016 |access-date=12 October 2019))</ref>
*Intentionally attempting to crash a server through [[lag (video games)|lag]] or other means (such as spawning large amounts of resource-demanding objects), in order to cause interference among players.
*[[Smurfing (video games)|Smurfing]], the process of creating extra accounts and deliberately losing games to enter a lower skill rank than is appropriate, before playing at full skill against lower-ranked opponents, thus defeating them easily.
*High-skill players deliberately losing in matches against low-skill players (usually due to shortage of players), causing the low-skill player's skill rating to artificially rise so that they will be routinely pitted against opponents they have no chance of winning against in the future.
*Impersonating an enemy to trick someone into attacking the griefer, so that a player is flagged as having attacked the griefer. A notable example of this is early on in ''[[Ultima Online]]'', where players had a scroll that could change their appearance to that of a monster, with the only way to tell the difference between them and a real monster is to click on them and read their name. Attacking a monster disguised griefer would flag the player as a murderer, causing the town guard to kill the player.
*Starting a vote to kick someone in hopes of others blindly agreeing in doing so, so that the griefer stays in the server with no consequences while tricking others to get rid of the innocent person.

The term is sometimes applied more generally<ref>((Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6r-pcB5WL8wC&q=best+technology+writing+2009+Julian+Dibbell&pg=PA9|first=Julian|last=Dibbell|editor1-first=Steven|editor1-last=Johnson|chapter=Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers, the Sociopaths of the Virtual World|title=The Best Technology Writing 2009|year=2009|publisher=University of Michigan Press|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|isbn=978-0-300-15410-8|access-date=10 February 2010|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bestoftechnology0000unse_m3l6/page/9 9–19]|url=https://archive.org/details/bestoftechnology0000unse_m3l6/page/9))</ref> to refer to a person who uses the internet to cause distress to others as a prank,<ref>Nick Douglas, [http://gawker.com/231320/internets-most-wanted-a-rogues-gallery Internet's Most Wanted: A Rogue's Gallery] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716195738/http://gawker.com/231320/internets-most-wanted-a-rogues-gallery|date=2009-07-16)), Jan 25 2007,</ref><ref>[http://techdirt.com/articles/20090418/1728344551.shtml Craigslist Griefer Ordered To Pay Up Over Both Copyright And Privacy Violations] (accessed April 26, 2009)</ref> or to intentionally inflict harm, as when it was used to describe an incident in March 2008, when malicious users posted [[seizure]]-inducing animations on [[epilepsy]] forums.<ref>Kevin Poulsen, March 28, 2008, [https://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2008/03/epilepsy "Hackers Assault Epilepsy Patients via Computer"], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]].''</ref><ref>[[Cory Doctorow]], March 31, 2008, [http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/31/griefers-deface-epil.html "Griefers deface epilepsy message-board with seizure-inducing animations"], ''[[Boing Boing]].''</ref><ref>See also [[:wikt:lulz|"lulz"]], for griefer slang referring to enjoyment at others' expense.</ref>

==Industry response==
Many [[Subscription business model|subscription-based]] games actively oppose griefers, since their behavior can drive away business.<ref name="bullies">((cite news|url=http://www.gamegirladvance.com/mmog/archives/2002/10/21/online_bullies_give_grief_to_games.html|title=Online Bullies Give Grief to Gamers|last=Pham|first=Alex|date=2 September 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009161333/http://www.gamegirladvance.com/mmog/archives/2002/10/21/online_bullies_give_grief_to_games.html|archive-date=2007-10-09|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|department=Main News|page=1))</ref> It is common for developers to release server-side upgrades and patches to annul griefing methods. Many online games employ [[Gamemaster#Gamemasters in online games|gamemasters]] that reprimand offenders. Some use a [[crowdsourcing]] approach, where players can report griefing. Malicious players are then red-flagged, and are then dealt with at a gamemaster's discretion. As many as 25% of [[customer support]] calls to companies operating online games deal specifically with griefing.<ref name="davies">((Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jun/15/games.guardianweeklytechnologysection2|work=The Guardian|title=Gamers don't want any more grief|first=Martin|last=Davies|date=June 15, 2006))</ref>

[[Blizzard Entertainment]] has enacted [[Warden (software)|software components]] to combat griefing.<ref>((cite web|url=http://wow.joystiq.com/2010/07/06/official-forum-changes-real-life-names-to-be-displayed/|title=Official forum changes, real life names to be displayed|access-date=2013-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619033415/http://wow.joystiq.com/2010/07/06/official-forum-changes-real-life-names-to-be-displayed/|archive-date=2013-06-19|url-status=dead))</ref> To prevent non-consensual attacks between players, some games such as ''[[Ultima Online]]'' have created separate realms for those who wish to be able to attack anyone at any time, and for those who do not. Others implemented separate servers.((fact|date=June 2023))

When ''[[EverQuest]]'' was released, Sony included a [[Player versus player|PvP]] switch where people could fight each other only if they had enabled that option. This was done in order to prevent the player-killing that was driving people away from ''Ultima Online'', which at that time had no protection on any of its servers.<ref>((Cite web|title=Darktide Rising|author=Glenn Barnett|date=April 1, 2000|url=http://www.gamespy.com/articles/492/492325p1.html))</ref>

''[[Second Life]]'' bans players for harassment (defined as being rude or threatening, making [[Sexual harassment|unwelcome sexual advances]], or performing activities likely to annoy or alarm somebody) and assault (shooting, pushing, or shoving in a safe area, or creating scripted objects that target another user and hinder their enjoyment of the game) in its community standards.<ref>((cite web|url=http://secondlife.com/corporate/cs.php|title=Community Standards|access-date=16 June 2015))</ref> Sanctions include warnings, suspension from ''Second Life'', or being banned altogether.((fact|date=June 2023))

Some space simulators, like ''[[Eve Online]],'' have incorporated activities typically considered griefing as part of the gameplay mechanism. [[Industrial espionage|Corporate spying]], [[theft]], [[Confidence trick|scams]], gate-camping, and PvP on non-PvP players are all part of their gaming experience.<ref name=EveWiki>((cite web|title=Griefing|url=https://wiki.eveonline.com/en/wiki/Griefing|work=Evelopedia|access-date=May 26, 2014|quote=In EVE, 'griefing' refers to various activities, some of which can be argued not to be 'griefing' in the classic sense, but parts of valid gameplay.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527213408/https://wiki.eveonline.com/en/wiki/Griefing|archive-date=27 May 2014))</ref>((Better source needed|date=February 2019))

[[Shooter game|Shooters]] such as ''[[Counter-Strike: Global Offensive|Counter Strike: Global Offensive]]'' have implemented peer review systems, where if a player is reported too many times, multiple higher ranked players are allowed to review the player and determine if the reports are valid, and apply a temporary ban to the player's account if necessary. The player's name is omitted during the replay, as well as those of the other 9 players in the game. In October 2016, Valve implemented a change that will permanently ban a player if they receive two penalties for griefing.((fact|date=June 2023))

Many ''[[Minecraft]]'' servers have rules against griefing. In ''Minecraft'' freebuild servers, griefing is often the destruction of another player's build, and in other servers the definition ranges, but almost all servers recognize griefing as harassment. Most servers use temporary bans for minor and/or first-time incidents, and indefinite bans from the server for more serious and/or repeat offences. While many servers try to fight this, some allow griefing as part of the gameplay.((fact|date=June 2023))

By the early 2020s, ''[[Grand Theft Auto Online]]'' has experienced a drastic increase in griefing, due in part to the emergence of bugs and better money-making opportunities. Common griefing techniques within the game abuse passive mode and trivially accessible weaponized vehicles.<ref>((Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Alice|date=2020-03-13|title=Watch out: GTA Online's most reviled griefmobile is cheap this week|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2020/03/13/watch-out-gta-onlines-most-reviled-griefmobile-is-cheap-this-week/|access-date=2020-10-30|website=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en-US))</ref> Developer [[Rockstar North|Rockstar]] has implemented measures such as a longer cool-down on passive mode, patching invincibility glitches, and removing passive mode from weaponized vehicles in recent updates. In addition, the game also features a reputation system that, in effect, after excessive "bad sport point" accumulation, will mark players as "bad sports", allowing them to only play in lobbies with other "bad sports". Such points are either accumulated over time or gained within a certain time frame and are acquired by actions such as destroying another player's personal vehicle, or quitting jobs early. This is one of the more controversial features of the game, as some point out flaws such as the game not considering if destruction of a vehicle was self-defense.((citation needed|date=August 2019))

''[[Fallout 76]]'' discourages players from griefing by marking them as wanted criminals, which one can get a reward for killing.  Wanted players cannot see any other players on the world map, and must rely on their normal player view.((fact|date=June 2023))

==See also==
((portal|Video games))

((div col|colwidth=20em))
* [[2b2t]]
* [[Aimbot]]
* [[Anti-social behaviour]]
* [[Cyberbullying]]
* [[Dark triad]]
* [[Glossary of video game terms]]
* [[Internet troll]]
* [[Leeroy Jenkins]]
* [[Lulz]]
* [[Online harassment]]
* [[Schadenfreude]]
* [[Spamming]]
* [[Video game exploit]]
* [[Wikipedia:Griefing]]
((div col end))

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
((Wiktionary|griefer))
* [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070907.wvirtual0908/BNStory/Technology/home/?pageRequested=all ''Globe and Mail'': "Frontier justice: Can virtual worlds be civilized?"]
* [http://www.microsoft.com/athome/security/children/griefers.mspx "Ready, set, game: Learn how to keep video gaming safe and fun."]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901193218/http://msn-cnet.com.com/Virtual%2Bmagnate%2Bshares%2Bsecrets%2Bof%2Bsuccess/2008-1043_3-6144967.html Documented incident of griefing during a virtual interview], see also [[Anshe Chung]]
* [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1070000/1067375/p245-foo.pdf?key1=1067375&key2=2228029611&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=11867662&CFTOKEN=94532727 Research paper on griefing]. To view this PDF paper, the host website requires a subscription to the digital library.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080712043115/http://www.gamepro.com/computer/pc/games/features/107088.shtml "Feature: The Griefer Within"], [[GamePro]].
* [https://www.wired.com/gaming/virtualworlds/magazine/16-02/mf_goons "Mutilated Furries, Flying Phalluses: Put the Blame on Griefers", WIRED MAGAZINE: ISSUE 16.02]
* [http://www.technewsworld.com/story/social-networking/59401.html "Griefer Madness: Terrorizing Virtual Worlds"]
* [http://www.videogamer.com/features/article/can_you_grief_it.html Can you grief it?] - feature article at VideoGamer.com

((internet slang))
((MUDs))
((Media and human factors))

[[Category:Esports terminology]]
[[Category:Internet trolling]]
[[Category:MUD terminology]]
[[Category:Video game culture]]
[[Category:Video game gameplay]]
[[Category:Video game terminology]]

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Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/v (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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