You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Anti-colonial movement in British India))
((About|the Home Rule movement in India|home rule in general|Home rule))
((More citations needed|date=April 2017))

[[File:Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Madras 1917.jpg|thumb|300px|A large crowd waits for [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] at [[Chennai Central railway station|Central Station]] in [[Madras]], 1917. ]]

The '''Indian Home Rule movement''' was a movement in [[British Raj|British India]] on the lines of the [[Irish Home Rule movement]] and other [[home rule]] movements. The movement lasted around two years between 1916–1918 and is believed to have set the stage for the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]] under the leadership of [[Annie Besant]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] to the educated English speaking upper class Indians.<ref>((cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date=1 March 1945|publisher=Bodell|location=Calcutta|edition=1<!-- |access-date=2 June 2017 -->))</ref> In 1920 All India Home Rule League changed its name to Swarajya Sabha.<ref>((cite book|title=Rhetoric and Ritual in Colonial India: The Shaping of a Public Culture in Surat City, 1852-1928|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ij4-7F4Pip4C|page=215|year=1991|author=Douglas E.Haynes|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520067257))</ref>

== Flag ==
[[File:Flag of the Indian Home Rule movement.svg|thumb|Home Rule flag]]

Five red and four green horizontal stripes. On the upper left quadrant was the [[Union Flag]], which signified the [[Dominion]] status that the movement sought to achieve. A crescent and a seven-pointed star, both in white, are set in top fly. Seven white stars are arranged as in the [[Saptarishi]] constellation (the constellation [[Ursa Major]]), which is sacred to Hindus. ((#tag:ref|In 1916, Suraiya Tayyabji submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part of the Home Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Virmani |first=Arundhati |title=National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923 |jstor=651278 |date=August 1999 |journal=Past & Present |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=176–177 |doi=10.1093/past/164.1.169))</ref>|group="Note"))

== Background ==
The Indian Home Rule movement began amidst the backdrop of the ongoing [[World War I|First World War]]. The [[Indian Councils Act 1909|1909 Government of India Act]] failed to satisfy the demands of [[Indian nationalism|Indian nationalist]] leaders. However, the [[Surat Split|split in the congress]] and the absence of leaders like Tilak, who was imprisoned in [[Mandalay]], meant that nationalistic response to the British policies remained tepid.<ref>((Cite web|last=Anonymous|title=Home Rule Movement (1916) ((!)) Reason, Objective, Nature, Significance And Impact - Wryddle|url=https://wryddle.com/home-rule-movement-1916-reason-objective-nature-significance-and-impact/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=wryddle.com|date=15 February 2021|language=en-US))</ref> By 1915, many factors set the stage for a new phase of nationalist movement. The rise in stature of British activist [[Annie Besant]] (who was of [[Irish people|Irish descent]] and a firm supporter of the [[Irish Home Rule movement]]), the return of Tilak from exile and the growing calls for solving the split in congress began to stir the political scene in India. The [[Ghadar Mutiny]] and its suppression led to an atmosphere of resentment against British colonial rule. Wartime policies such as the [[Defence of India Act 1915|1915 Defence of India Act]], which were perceived as oppressive restrictions, also contributed to the rise of the Indian Home Rule movement.<ref>((Cite web|last=Anonymous|title=Home Rule Movement (1916) ((!)) Reason, Objective, Nature, Significance And Impact - Wryddle|url=https://wryddle.com/home-rule-movement-1916-reason-objective-nature-significance-and-impact/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=wryddle.com|date=15 February 2021|language=en-US))</ref>

==In context of World War I==
Most Indians and Indian political leaders had been divided in their response to World War I and the Indian soldiers fighting on behalf of the [[British Empire]] against Germany, the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The latter's involvement irked India's Muslims, who saw the [[Sultan]] as the [[Caliph]] of Islam.

Many Indian revolutionaries opposed the war, while moderates and liberals backed the war. The issue divided India's political classes and left the increasing demand for self-government going nowhere. Besant however declared, "England's need is India's opportunity". As editor of the ''New India'' newspaper, she attacked the colonial government of India and called for clear and decisive moves towards self-rule. As with Ireland, the government refused to discuss any changes while the war lasted. This set the stage for the movement.

== Foundation ==
Between 1916 and 1918, when the war was beginning, prominent Indians like [[Joseph Baptista]], [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], [[G. S. Khaparde]], Sir [[S. Subramania Iyer]], Satendra Nath Bose and the leader of the [[Theosophical Society]], [[Annie Besant]], decided to organise a national alliance of leagues across India, specifically to demand ''Home Rule'', or self-government within the British Empire for all of India. Tilak found the first home rule league at the Bombay provincial congress at Belgaum in April 1916.<ref>India's struggle for Independence, Bipan Chandra, p161</ref> then after this Annie Besant founded second league at Adyar Madras in September 1916. While Tilak's league worked in areas like [[Maharashtra]] (excluding Bombay city), [[Karnataka]], [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central provinces and Berar]], Annie Besant's league worked in the rest of India. 

The move created considerable excitement at the time, and attracted many members of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[All-India Muslim League]], who had been allied since the 1916 [[Lucknow Pact]]. The leaders of the League gave fiery speeches, and petitions with hundreds of thousands of Indians as signatories were submitted to British authorities. Unification of moderates and radicals as well as unity between Muslim League and Indian National Congress was a remarkable achievement of Annie Besant.

The government arrested Annie Besant in 1917 and this led to nationwide protests. The movement actually spread out and made its impact in the interior villages of India. Many moderate leaders like [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] joined the movement. The League spread political awareness in new areas like Sindh, Punjab, Gujarat, [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[Central Provinces]], Bihar, Orissa and Madras, which all sought an active political movement.

The pressure of the movement, especially after Annie Besant's arrest, led to the Montague's declaration on 20 August 1917 which stated that "progressive realization of responsible government in India" was the policy of the British government.<ref>''India's struggle for Independence'', Bipan Chandra, p168</ref>

During this time various meetings were held in [[Nellore]], [[Kurnool]], [[Bellary]], [[Cuddapah]], [[Kakinada]], [[Rajahmundry]] and [[Vizagapatnam]]. In [[Kurnool]] a prominent leader, Raja Sir P. V. Madhava Rao of [[Panyam]] has supported the home rule league. The speech given by him in a meeting held in kurnool is highlighted here in which he thrashed the British Government saying ''the (bulk of) bureaucracy has failed to understand the needs of the people and the requirements of time''.<ref>((cite book|title=The Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh (Andhra): 1906–1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUDRAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Andhra Pradesh State Committee Appointed for the Compilation of a History of the Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh|author=Mamidipudi Venkatarangaiya|page=368|year=1969))</ref> Later after the completion of meeting's in Madras Presidency many prominent leaders gave support to the league under the leadership of [[Annie Besant]].<ref>((cite book|title=The Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh (Andhra): 1906-1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUDRAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Andhra Pradesh State Committee Appointed for the Compilation of a History of the Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh|author=Mamidipudi Venkatarangaiya|page=113,286|year=1969))</ref>

== Significance and impact of Home Rule movement in India ==
In India, the Home Rule movement resurrected Nationalist activities. It paved the way for extremists' re-entrance into Congress. The movement put tremendous pressure on British rule. The movement of home rule continued to provide strength to nationalist sentiments in the future and this sequence of activities eventually resulted in the Independence of India in 1947.JAI HIND .
<ref>((Cite web|last=Anonymous|title=Home Rule Movement (1916) ((!)) Reason, Objective, Nature, Significance And Impact - Wryddle|url=https://wryddle.com/home-rule-movement-1916-reason-objective-nature-significance-and-impact/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=wryddle.com|date=15 February 2021|language=en-US))</ref>

== Decline ==
[[File:Gandhi-Home-Rule-First-Edition-1909.jpg|thumb|First page of the first edition of the English translation of Gandhi's "[[Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule|Hind Swaraj]]" – "Indian Home Rule" in translation. The copyright legend on this first edition bears these words: "No Rights Reserved".]]

The Movement was also left leaderless once Tilak left for England to pursue a libel case he had filed against [[Valentine Chirol]] and Annie Besant was largely satisfied by the promise of Reforms.

Its further growth and activity were stalled by the rise of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and his ''[[Satyagraha]]'' art of revolution: non-violent, but mass-based [[civil disobedience]]. Gandhi's Hindu lifestyle, mannerisms and immense respect for Indian culture and the common people of India made him immensely popular with India's common people. His victories in leading the farmers of [[Champaran]], [[Bihar]] and [[Kheda]], [[Gujarat]] against the British authorities on tax revolts made him a national hero.

After the [[Montagu–Chelmsford Commission|Montagu Declaration]], also known as the August Declaration, the league agreed to suspend its expansion of the movement. After this the moderate candidates gave up the membership of league. The league believed that the British government will gradually reform the administration and local representative system by ushering participation of local Indians.

== Dissolution ==
In 1920, the All India Home Rule League merged with Congress which elected [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as its president. Several leaders of Home Rule Movement played an important role in the national movement when it entered a truly mass movement phase under the leadership of Gandhi.

== Notes ==
((reflist|group=Note))

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/india-home-rule-league India Home Rule League of America materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
*
[https://rashtrakutas.com/indian-home-rule-league-movement/ Indian Home Rule League Movement]

((Indian independence movement))

[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:1916 establishments in India]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Indian Home Rule movement (edit)
Template:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Indian Independence Movement (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Indian independence movement (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Indian Home Rule movement.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement"