| Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar | |
|---|---|
| Maharaja of Mysore | |
| 25th Maharaja of Mysore | |
| Reign | 3 August 1940 – 25 January 1950 |
| Coronation | 8 September 1940, Palace of Mysore |
| Predecessor | Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV (paternal uncle) |
| Successor | Srikantadatta Narasimharaja Wadiyar (son) (only titular, titles and privileges ended) |
| Rajpramukh of Mysore State | |
| Reign | 26 January 1950 – 1 November 1956 |
| Predecessor | position established |
| Successor | Position abolished |
| Governor of Mysore State | |
| Reign | 1 November 1956 – 4 May 1964 |
| Predecessor | Position established |
| Successor | S M Srinagesh |
| Governor of Madras State | |
| Reign | 4 May 1964 – 28 June 1966 |
| Predecessor | Bhishnuram Medhi |
| Successor | Sardar Ujjal Singh |
| Born | 18 July 1919 Mysore Palace, Mysore, Mysore State, India |
| Died | 23 September 1974 (aged 55)[citation needed] Bangalore Palace, Bangalore, India |
| Spouse | Tripura Sundari Ammani |
| Issue |
|
| House | Wadiyar dynasty |
| Father | Yuvaraja Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar |
| Mother | Yuvarani Kempu Cheluvaja Amanni |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar (18 July 1919 – 23 September 1974) was the 25th Maharaja of Mysore from 1940 to 1950,[2] who later served as the governor of Mysore and Madras states.
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar was born on 18 July 1919 at Mysore Palace as the only son and the last child of Yuvaraja Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar and Yuvarani Kempu Cheluvajamanni. He had three elder sisters, viz., Rani Vijaya Devi, Sujayakantha Devi, and Jayachamundi Devi.
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar graduated from Maharaja's College, Mysore, in 1938, earning five awards and gold medals.[citation needed] He was married the same year, on 15 May 1938, to Maharani Satya Prema Kumari at Mysore Palace.[3] He toured Europe during 1939, visiting many associations in London and became acquainted with many artists and scholars. He ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Mysore on 8 September 1940 after the demise of his uncle Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV. He married Maharani Tripura Sundari Ammani on 6 May 1942.
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar lost his father Yuvaraja Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar when he was 21. Five months later, his reigning uncle, Maharaja Krishnarajendra Wadiyar IV expired, leaving his only nephew to succeed him to reign in what was dubbed one of the most prosperous states in Asia.[citation needed] Jayachamaraja Wadiyar followed democratic methods in his administration and was celebrated by his subjects like his uncle.
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar was the first ruler to accede to merge his kingdom with the newly formed tentative Indian Union after India's independence in 1947. He signed an instrument of accession with the Union on the eve of India's attainment of independence on 15 August 1947. The result took three years to materialise owing to the drafting of a constitution for the country in the meantime.
With the constitution of India into a republic, the Kingdom of Mysore was merged with the Republic on 26 January 1950. He held the position of Rajpramukh (governor) of the State of Mysore from 26 January 1950 to 1 November 1956. After the integration of the neighbouring Kannada-majority parts of the States of Madras and Hyderabad, he became the first governor of the reorganised Mysore State, from 1 November 1956 to 4 May 1964 and was the Governor of the State of Madras from 4 May 1964 to 28 June 1966.
After the state was absorbed into the Dominion of India, he was granted a privy purse, certain privileges, and the use of the title Maharaja of Mysore by the Government of India,[4] However, all forms of compensation were ended in 1971 by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.[5][6]
He died at the age of 55 on 23 September 1974, and he was the last living person who had been premier king of a state with a 21-gun salute status in British India.
He was a good horseman and a tennis player who helped Ramanathan Krishnan to participate at Wimbledon. He was also well known for his marksmanship and was highly sought-after by his subjects whenever a rogue elephant or a man-eating tiger attacked their immediate surroundings. There are many wildlife trophies attributed to him in the Palace collections. He was responsible for the famous cricketer/off-spin bowler, E. A. S. Prasanna's visit to West Indies as his father was otherwise reluctant to send him.
He was a connoisseur of both western and Carnatic (South Indian classical) music and an acknowledged authority of Indian Philosophy. He helped the Western world discover the music of a little-known Russian composer Nikolai Medtner (1880–1951), financing the recording of a large number of his compositions and founding the Medtner Society in 1949. Medtner's Third Piano Concerto is dedicated to the Maharaja of Mysore. He became a Licentiate of the Guildhall School of Music, London and honorary Fellow of Trinity College of Music, London, in 1945. Aspirations to become a concert pianist were cut short by the untimely death of both his father the Yuvaraja Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar in 1939, and his uncle the Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV in 1940, when he succeeded to the throne of Mysore.
He was the first president of the Philharmonia Concert Society, London in 1948.[7] See below copy of the programme sheets of some of the earliest concerts held at Royal Albert Hall on 13 April, 27 April – 11 May 1949.
Walter Legge, who was invited to Mysore by the Maharaja in this regard has stated:
This largesse proved sufficient to transform Legge's fortunes in 1949. He was able to engage Herbert von Karajan as conductor. The repertory the young Maharajah wished to sponsor were Balakirev's Symphony, Roussel's Fourth Symphony, Busoni's Indian Fantasy etc. The association produced some of the most memorable recordings of the post-war period.
The Maharaja also enabled Richard Strauss's last wish to be fulfilled by sponsoring an evening at the Royal Albert Hall by London's Philharmonia Orchestra with German conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler in the lead and soprano Kirsten Flagstad singing his Four Last Songs in 1950.
The Maharaja was equally a good critic of music. When asked by Legge to pass judgement on recent additions to the EMI catalogue, his views were as trenchant as they were refreshingly unpredictable. He was thrilled by Karajan's Vienna Philharmonic recording of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony ('as Beethoven wished it to be'), held Furtwängler's recording of the Fourth Symphony in high esteem, and was disappointed by Alceo Galliera's account of the Seventh Symphony, which he would have preferred Karajan to record. Above all, he expressed serious doubts about Arturo Toscanini's recordings. 'The speed and energy are those of a demon', he wrote to Legge, 'not an angel or superman as one would ardently hope for'. One of the reasons he so admired Furtwängler's Beethoven was that it was 'such a tonic after Toscanini's highly strung, vicious performances'.
Writing in the July 1950 edition of "THE GRAMOPHONE" Walter Legge sums Maharajas's monumental contribution to Western Classical Music:
....Many more correspondents have written expressing their admiration for the vision, constructive enterprise and generosity of the young Indian Prince who conceived this plan, and who is making it possible for the music lovers throughout the world to learn, enjoy and study works which but for his knowledge and love of music, would never have been recorded.....
After becoming Maharaja, he was initiated to the Indian classical music (Carnatic music) due to the cultural vibrancy which prevailed in the Mysore court till then. He learnt to play veena under Vid. Venkatagiriappa and mastered the nuances of carnatic music under the tutelage of veteran composer and Asthan Vidwan Sri. Vasudevacharya. He was also initiated into the secrets of Shri Vidya as an upasaka (under assumed name Chitprabhananda) by his guru Shilpi Siddalingaswamy. This inspired him to compose as many as 94 carnatic music krutis under the assumed name of Shri Vidya. All the compositions are in different ragas and some of them for the first time ever. In the process He also built three temples in Mysore city: Bhuvaneshvari Temple and Gayatri Temple, located inside the Mysore Palace Fort, and Sri Kamakaameshwari Temple, situated on Ramanuja Road, Mysore. All three temples were sculpted by the maharaja's guru and famous sculptor, Shilpi Siddalingaswamy. His 94 compositions were published by his son-in law Sri. R.Raja Chandra as "Sree Vidyaa Gaana Vaaridhi" in 2010. The book was edited by Sri. S. Krishna Murthy, grandson of Maharaja's Guru Sri. Mysore Vasudevacaharya.
Many noted Indian musicians received patronage at his court, including Mysore Vasudevachar, Veena Venkatagiriyappa, B. Devendrappa, V. Doraiswamy Iyengar, T. Chowdiah, Tiger Vardachar, Chennakeshaviah, Titte Krishna Iyengar, S. N. Mariappa, Chintalapalli Ramachandra Rao, R. N. Doreswamy, H. M. Vaidyalinga Bhagavatar.
The patronage and contribution of Wadiyars to carnatic music was researched in the 1980s by Prof. Mysore Sri V. Ramarathnam, Retired First Principal of the University College of Music and Dance, University of Mysore. The research was conducted under the sponsorship of University Grants Commission, Government of India. Prof. Mysore Sri V. Ramarathnam authored the book Contribution and Patronage of Wadiyars to Music that was published Kannada Book Authority, Bangalore.
ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಸಿಂಹಾಸನಾಧೀಶರಾಗಿ ಮಹಾರಾಜರಾದರೆ ಇವರು ಅದನ್ನು ತ್ಯಜಿಸಿಯೇ ಮಹಾರಾಜರಾದರು (Every monarch in history has become king ascending thrones, while he became the greatest king descending one).
Kuvempu, Kannada National Poet, on the Maharaja's merging his kingdom with the Indian Union
| Song name | Ragam | Talam | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| SrI mahaganapatiM bhajEhaM | Athana | Adi | |
| gaM gaNapatE namastE | Durvanki | Rupakam | |
| bhairavaM bhAvayEhaM | Bhairavam | Adi | |
| mahA tripura sundari Sankari mAm pAhi | Kalyani | Jhampa | |
| kshIra sAgara Sayana vakshasthala vAsinIM pranamami | Mayamalavagowla | Jhampa | |
| Siva Siva Siva bhO mahAdEva SambhO | Nadanamakriya | Jhampa | |
| SrI guru dakshinAmurtE namostutE | Bhavapriya | Matya | |
| SrI jAlandharaM ASrayamyahaM | Gambhiranatta | Adi | |
| SrI rAjarAjEsvarIm ASrayami | Lalita | Rupakam | |
| vandEhaM SivE | Katanakutuhalam | Matya |
He also sponsored the translation of many classics from Sanskrit to Kannada as part of the Jayachamaraja Grantha Ratna Mala, including 35 parts of the Rigveda. These are essentially ancient, sacred scriptures in Sanskrit till then not available in Kannada language comprehensively. All the books contain original text in Kannada accompanied by Kannada translation in simple language for the benefit of common man. In the history of Kannada literature such a monumental work was never attempted! As Late H. Gangadhara Shastry – Asthan (court) Astrologer and Dharmadhikari of Mysore Palace – who himself has contributed substantially in the above works -has stated that Maharaja used to study each and everyone of these works and discuss them with the authors. It seems on a festival night (on shivaratri), he was summoned in the middle of the night and advised him to simplify the use of some difficult Kannada words in one of the books. The digital version of Rigveda samhita that was first published under Jayachamaraja Grantha Ratna Mala was developed by C S Yogananda[circular reference] at Sriranga Digital Software Technologies during 2009.
During his reign, he also encouraged historical research on modern lines and this finds an echo in the dedication of the encyclopedic work by C. Hayavadana Rao entitled " History of Mysore" in three voluminous works published from 1943–46. Author's words are quite illuminating and worth quoting. Author says:
"Dedicated by gracious permission to His Highness, Sri Jayacahamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur, Maharaja of Mysore- Ruler, Scholar, and patron of Arts and sciences and supporter of every good cause aiming at the moral and material progress of the people – In token of His Highness' deep and abiding interest in the scientific study of History and pursuit of Historical Research along modern lines".
It aptly sums up the personality of the Maharaja. It is matter of regret that the author could not complete the work as originally intended and had to stop at the year 1949 as Maharaja had to accede to the wishes of his people and merge his Kingdom with the Republic of India in 1950.
Sisters:
Wives:
Both the queens died in 1982 within a span of 15 days.
Children:
